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(lEN. ANDREW JACKSON. 



FiRsr (;iivi 



THE 



BOOIv OF JACKSONVILLE. 



A HISTORY, 



Bv S. PAUL BROWN 



i<Sgs 



RHING 

A SERIES OF DESCRIPTIVE ARTICLES. 

HISTORICAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND BIOGRAPHICAL 

OF 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

ILLUSTRATED. 



REMHMBhK. \VB KNOW Will, ONLY TIM, CKKAT NATIONS WHOSI' HOOKS Wh POSSIiSS : Ol- THI- OTHhKS 
WI-. KNOW Bt:T MTTLE." 



Prick, S=^.oo. 






CONTENTS. 



SUBJECTS. 



A.mendments io the Charter, 

Banking Facilities, 

Benevolent Institutions, . 

Biographical Sketches, 

Board of Public Works, 

Churches, 

Cigar Manufacturers, 

City Charter, 

City Finances and Taxation, 

City Government, . 

City Lights, 

City Officials 1893-95, . 

Clubs and Social Bodies, 

Educational Institutions 

Fire Departmeni', 

Fire Losses, 

Florida, 

Florida on Wheels, 

Hotels, .... 

acksonville Board of Trade. 
ACK.SONVILLE Past, 
acksonville To-Day, . 
li.e's Mayors, 
lle's Summer Resorts 
urnals and journalists, 

Labor Conditions, . 

Lighting 



Mayor Fletcher's Message, 
Mortality Report, 

New Buildings 

Police Department, 






Port of St. Johns, 

Post Office Report, , 

Railway Facilities, 

Reai Estate .... 






Report of City Comptroller, 

RET.iiiL Business, 

River Commerce, . 

River and Harbor Improvements, 

St. Johns River, . 






Some Railroad History, 
Steamship, Steamboat, and Pai ke 
Streets and Parks, 
Street Railwavs, 

Suburbs 

Ta.k Collection 


T Lines, 




The Governmeni Building, . 

The Military 

Transportation 

W.ATER Works, Sewers, and Sanitation, 
Wholesale Trade, .... 





INDEX TO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ACOSTA, W. I., 

Baker, John D., 
Baldwin, A. S., 
BrcKMAN, H. H., 
Bryan, J. A., 
Campbell, A. B., 
Campbell, J. R., 
Carter, W. R., 
Clark, H. W., 

CnA( 1IM\N, W. F.. 

DaCivia. r. W., 

DES R.HIII.RS, J. > 

Doggett, J. L., 
Driscoll, W. J., 
Fleming, F. P., 
Fletcher, D. U., 
Greeley, J. C, 
Harkisiieimeu, W. 
Hartridge, a. G. 
Hartridge, J. E., 
Hawthorne, F. W 
Holmes, J. D.. . 



Knight, R. D , . 
Livingston, C. ()., 
MCMURRAY, P. E., 

M.ATTAIR, L. H., 

Merrill, A. R., . 
Merrill, J. E., 
Metcai.f, L. S., . 
Phillips, H. B., 
Schumacher, J. M., 
Scott, J. R., . 
Stevens, A. D., 
Stillman, J. E., 
Stockton Family, 
Stockton, J. N. C. 
Stockton, Telfair, 
Stockton, T. T. , 
Towns, C. B., 
Turner, M. P., 
Ware, W. S., 
Webb, W. S., . 
White, J. W., 
WuRTS, John, . 



'^1 



l-hl 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Acosta, W. I 


i6S 


Knight, Raymond IJ., Comp. 


Back From the Encanumeni, 


• 137 


Lake Worth. . 


Baker, J. D 


156 


Livingston, C. O., 


Baldwin, A. S 


. 69, 14S 


M. Murray, P. E., 


Baldwin, A. S., Remdence. 


149 


McMuKRAY, P. E. \- Baker, 


Bay Street, Looking East, . 


13 


Main Street, . 


Bay Street, Looking West, 


16 


Mallory Line Offices, 


B5ARD OF Trade BuiLDiNi;, . 


70 


Maii.ory Link Trade Mark, 


Bryan, J. A 


1S5 


Mattair, L. H 


BUCKMAN, H. H 


• 153 


Merchants' National Bank. 


CAMnsELL, A. B 


l(.T 


Merchants' N.-^tional Bank S 


Campbell, J. R 


. 115, l(.(. 


Merrill, A. R., 


Carter, W. R 


K.I 


Merrill, J. E 


City Coun.h 


50 


Merrill-Ste\ens Engineerin 


City Hail am. Market, . 


47 


Metcalf, L. S., Yacht, 


Ci ark, H. W 


. 170 


National Bank State ..f F 


Clark, H. W., Remdence, . 


I 70 


New Duval Hotel, . 


Coachman, W. F 


. 1S5 


Odd Fellows' Hall, 


Coachman, W. F., Residence, 


U3 


Orange Grove, • . . . 


Cocoanut Avenle, 




Palmeito Avenue, . 


CocoANUTS Growing 


2; 


Phii.lii-s, H. B 


Court of Hotel Ponce de Leon, . 


S3 


PllILLII's, Pai I. G., . 


Da Costa, C. W., 


172 


Refrigerator Ice Works, . 


Da Costa Printing Hoise. . 


172 


Ri\ERsiDE Annex, 


DesRochers, J. M 


iS-, 


Si. George Street, -St. An 


Doggett, John L 


. 152 


Sr. James Hotel, . 


Driscoll, W. J 


1S2 


Sr. James Hotel Staff, 


Duval County Court House, 


56 


St. James Park, 


Fleming, F. P., Residence, . 


I^I 


St. John's Episcopal Chi ri i 


Fletcher, D. IT., 


. 58, 184 


Scene near Jacksonville, 


F. C. & P. R. R. General Offices, . 


S6 


Scene at Rockledi;e, . 


F. C. & P. R. R. Offices and Wharves, 


. 84 


Schumachf:r, J. M., . 


Florida on Wheels 


145 


ScHUM.^ciiER, J. M., Resideni 


Florida Yacht Cur House, . 


. 136 


Scott & Acosfa, Office Fo 


George, Henry, Jr 


12S 


Scott, John R 


Grand View Hotei 


120 


Smith, Chas. H., 


Greeley, J. C 


iSo 


Spinner, Gen. F. E., . 


Greeley, J. C, Residence, . 




Steamer Crescent, . 


Haney, T. W., 


52 


Steamer Jamie, 


Harkisheimer, W. J 


■ '54 


Steamer L. H. Pri.ton, . 


Harkisheimer, W. J.. Rlsidexc E, 


154 


Steamship Concho, 
Steamship Iroijuois, . 


Hartridge, a. G 


• 177 


Stevens. A. D 


Hartridge, John E 


I 76 


.Stillman, J. E.. 


HartriD(;e, John E., Residence, . 


. 1 76 


Stockton, Telfair. Residen 


Havens, O. P 


(. 


Stockton, T. T.. 


Hawthorne, F. W., 


. 130 


Stockton, T. T., Cintrv S 


Hedrick, a. J 


14! 


SuH-TroPICAL E.\p..slTIoN Bl 


Holmes, J. D 


■ 157 


Sum-RHAN Fl.vps, . . . 


Hotel Cari.eton 


II S, 119 


SuHURUAN Residence, 


Hotel Cordova, 




Tarpon Catch, 


Hotel Ormond 


I^T 


Times-Union Building, . 


Hotel Placide 


117 


T..MOKA River, . 


Hotel Royal Poinc iana, . 


IO() 


Towns, C. B 


Hotel Royal Poin( iana Grounds. 




Turner, M. P., . 


Indian River 


23 


Union Passenger Station. 


Ironmonger, F. M., Jr 


• 97 


I'. S. (ioVERNMENT BuiLDING 


J,\ckson, General Andrew, 


l-io,itisph-iC 


Ware. W. S 


Jacksonville From Across the St. Juii.- 




Ware. W. S., Residence. . 


Jacksonville Harkor 


II 


Wekp., W. S 


King, A. H., Residence 


• 1 39 


West. W. C 


Knight, Raymond D 


If.2 


WmiF J. W 


Knight, Raymond D., Residence, . 


. U.2 


WcRTs, John, . . . 



INDEX TO BUSINESS NOTICES. 



Clyde S. S. Company, . 

Crosscit & Wesi' 

Florida Central & Peninsular Rai 
Florida Dredging Company, . 
Florida on Whi-U£Ls, . 
Greeley, Rollins & Morgan, 

Haight, a. V 

Havens, O. P 

Hotel Carleton, .... 

Hotel Placide 

Jacksonville & Atlantic Rah. road. 



Ma- 



Railw. 



Jacksonville, St. Augusitne & Indian Ri 
Jacksonville, Tami'A & Key Wesi Rm\\ 

Mallorv .S. S. Lines 

Merchants' National Bank, . 
Merrill-Stevens Engineering Compas',, 
National Bank State op Florida, 

New Dl'val Hotel 

Plant System 

Sp. Tames Huikl 




IE MAKES PINK PHI 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 



The illustrations in this book were made (with a few exceptions) from photographs by Mr. (). P. Ha\ens, the 
well known Jacksonville artist. 

The Photo-gravures, or half-tone plates used in the book (with a few e.xceptions) were made by Messrs. Crosscip 
&■ West, 911 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. They are what is known as the Ives Process. 



The bi)ok was printed, bound, and published by the Eagle Printing House of Mr. A. V. Haight, Poughkeepsie, 
New York. 



PREFACE. 




<' JACKSOXMLLE an earnest and candid effort has been made, 
tile salient puints in the history of our City; second, to record 
Lirowth and advancement durin;,^- the last two decades: and, finally 
;o picture and describe faithfully, truthfully, and adequately the 
her appearance and pm.^ress, her institutions and industries, her people 
present .greatness and future prospects, so as to give a fair and intelliu-cnt 



Jacksonville of tO' 

and their condition, 

reiiresentation of what she is to our contempuraries, and to those who ere lon,ii 

places in the busy arena nf her affairs, to prescr\e as a souvenir and a mementi 

and the place in which we live. 

A work of this nature retjuires unrcmittino- toil, decjj research, and care 
The work of the historian is necessarily laborious; he must not only ,L;et fac 
confine himself to facts, and must dress them up so as to prt 
that will be at once entertaining and instructive. \'ery little 
this work; it has been necessary to draw upon e\'ery available soun 
this has been done promiscuously, the history becomes of the natur 
than an original treatise. Great care has been taken in its preparation, however, to confine all 
statements within conservative bounds. We have no desire to exaggerate, as the simple truth 
about Jacksonville shows her oft' to greater advantage than most of her contemporaries enjoy. 

But however great a city's advantages and attractions may be, it is necessary that they be 
put before the world in order to attract the attention they deserve. Much depends upon the 
manner in which this is done; and to gain the best results, it is necessary that they be put 
up in a form not only attractive, liut enduring and permanent. This work, it is believed, 
answers the purpose, and it may be truthfully asserted that its c(|ual in this respect has never 
been attempted in the State. Those seeking information as to the real conditions in Jacksonville, 



11 fill our 
the time 

irch. and careful gleaning. 
: only get facts, but must 
them in an attractive form, 
iginality can be claimed for 
nx-e of inforiuation. and as 
compilation rather 



will obtain it by a perusal of the 
being authentic and relialjle. 

I desire to express my thanks to those 
co-operation, have nuide this work possible, 
serve a good purpose, and reflect that degree 
predicted for it. 

Whether it be a financial success or not, 
everv promise nuide in connection with the cut 



information 
us chapters in th 

pu' "■ 



book, and 



lie sinnted CI 
ndulge the h 
■edit upim the 



zens who. 
pe and b 
conimunitN 



by their 
lief that 
which h: 



'AUr. I-'.ROWX. 



FLORIDA. 



In Florida a richer fragrance lingers with the flowers, 
And sweeter notes delight the raptured ear; 

And nature prints in livelier tints her many colored bowers. 
For summer blooms in beauty all the year. 




'-'i ,■ .Ik''"^ 




U!JI^^£. 



r^ 



;«'llIA'l' ilu' learned Pisd said of Ancient Palmyra, the Oueen City of the ICast, we 
\ may. with an even oreater de-'ree of triUh, s;iy of Florida to-day. J f , as the 
3| Aneients Lieh'eved, the .o'ods had come down to dwell upon earth, they eonld 
not hnt have chosen I'jorida as the jjlace of their residence, b:)th on accomit 
of the general beauty of the land and the exceeding sweetness and serenity of the climate. 
The air, always ricli with perftmic from the hundreds of groves and gardens that llourisli in 
every section, seems to convey essential nutriment to all who breathe it. It is a pleasure 
merely to sit still and live. The inhabitants never tremble with the cold blasts that are 



commiin t;) more northerly climes: indeed, no extremes of either heat or cold is ever known 
here. Physicians assert that sunstroke is unknown in the State. Certain it is that the summer 
is as free from extreme heat as the winter fr<.im extreme cold. It may be explained by the 
geographical situation of the State, which, being a narrow peninstilar lying between two great 
.seas, is at all times most favorably affected by the cooling and refreshing influences of the 
almost perpetual breezes that come from either gulf or ocean. This, coupled with the fact 
that the "rainy season" falls in stminier, produces conditions most favorable to a summer 
residence here. These, too, are among the causes that accotmt for the general healthfulness 
of the climate. The ozone from the adjacent seas, that permeates all the air, is most healthful 
and invigorating to animal life. The elements in the atmosphere seem to constitute an elixir 
that nourishes every sense with that which it chiefly covets. The forces of nature are so 
harmonized as to render it one of the most desirable places of residence on the earth. 

Florida has the oldest settlement in all the States, yet she is the most recently discovered 
of them all. For centuries she lay like a diamond that is hidden, all unobserved by the great 
world; un visited by travelers; unnoted by writers; unknown, save in connection with legendary 
romances covering a period from the landing <_)f old Juan Ponce de Leon to the close of the 
last vSeminole War; and believed to be tit only for Indians, alligators and agtie to reside in. 
But "the first shall be last, and the last shall be first." Florida at length was discovered 
anew, and at one bottnd she became, as it were, the centre of the universe; the winter home 
and sanitarium of North America, and the orange grove of the world. With the mists of 
ignorance cleared away, the fallacies of centuries exploded, the eye of discovery perceived at 
a glance beauties and attractions hitherto unknown (.)n the continent. An appreciative world 
was n(jt slow to seize and appropriate the advantages revealed in these discoveries, and during 
the past three decades every hemisphere, every nation and clime have furnished their quota 
of immigrants, tourists, invalids, seeking pleasure, profit, health — and not in vain. Here labor 
has found employment, and capital profitable investment. Here men and women live out their 
allotted time in comfort and tranciuillity, free from the discomforts of a harsh climate, free from 
the disturbances of a discontented population, free from the collisions between capital and 
labor which distract other communities ; but, amidst the most pleasant surroundings, in the 
most equable climate and under the most favorable conditions that could be desired, these 
people pass down the even ways of life, blessed with peace and contentment, and surr(junded 
with comforts that make their condition enviable. But Florida must be seen and known to 
be justly appreciated. Descriptions, however ably delivered, fail to convey an adequate idea 
of the real conditions. Vou must come and see for yourself, and, if you would of the real 
intrinsic joy of living make discovery ; if you would at one glance behold ever}- charm in 
nature concentrate in one rare territory ; if you would ever\' good and perfect blessing share, 
lose no single moment in delay, but haste with what speed you may to this heaven-appointed 
land ; a land where the finger-prints of (rod on every flower linger, and flame in glowing 
colors on the plumage of the birds ; a land where every breathing creature rejoices in an 
existence free from all cankering ills ; where even things inanimate seem endowed with a 
mysterious volition and a sense to perform its specific allotment in the wonderful combination 
of harmonies that constitute the grand and perfect whole, which nature's (to:1 hath here created 
and .stamped with his own awfttl presence, that men mav know they here behold the last, the 
best, the sublimest work of His eternal hand. 

10 



lACKSONVlLLE PAST. 




F THIS I"L()Rir)A, tliis youn-X'St, in development, of the sisterh.i,,d of Ameriean 
Common wealths: this land of the semi-tropies, so hi.L;iily favored of Heaven, so 
rieli in blessinL^s to mankind, Jaeksonville is the natural entrepot anil metropolis; 
the eentre of tinanee, eommerce and transjjortation, and rankin.t;- thinl in 

impiirtanee ot the eities on the Soutli Atlantie Seaboard. It is the n^ost important oranoe 

market in the world, and the greatest Winter Resort in ^Vmerica. 




-^. 




Jacksonville is situated (ju the north side of the St. Jolms Ri 
magnificent stream, deviating from its uniformly nortlierly eoui 
to the sea, from which the city is distant about t\\enty-ti\-e 
latitude, thirty degrees twenty-four minutes; longitude, eighty 

The place where Jackson\-ille ucjw stands was formerly k 



niles 



a great bend 
The exact loc 
legrees forty minutes, 
nown onlv as the ehi 



■e this 
stward 



of crossinji' the St. Johns. Its Indian name was Wacca Pilatka. Its literal meaning, and the 
nearest that it can be rendered into Entjlish, is the "Cows Crossing Over." By all English- 
speaking people who knew of it, it was abbreviated into the Cow Ford. 

The English, while they possessed the country, constructed a road leading from 
St. Augustine northwest to the great river at this place, and hence, in the same direction, to 
the (leorgia line, and far beyond. This was before the Revolution. Spain had previously 
possessed the province, but had never opened a road through any part of it worthy the name; 
nor did she afterwards when she became repossessed of it. The road opened was called the 
King's Road, and is so known to the present time. It brought travel from the Southern 
States, and when the Patriot War began, it led the Patriot Army to the St. Johns. Here it 
lay encamped around the Cow Ford for several weeks. This was in iSu. The army finally 
crossed the river, and advanced to St. Augustine: but having no heav)' guns, it was impossible 
to capture the fort, and, after lying before it several months, it drew off and retraced its 
steps, and remained for a time on the cast side of the river, and finally recrossed at the Cow 
Ford and disappeared, never to unite again. 

As early as the year 1800 Isaac Hendricks, grandfather of Judge H. B. Phillips, owning 
a Spanish grant on the south side of the river, operated the first ferry for the accommodation 
of travelers. But it was not until the year 18 16 that a settlement was made on the north side 
of the river. In that 3'ear Lewis Z. Hogans, another Spanish grantee, built the first house 
of the future metropolis of Florida, and Ijecame the first settler. Mr. Hogans had married 
the widow of Purnall Taylor, who had a one-himdred-acre grant adjoining his own, and the 
two conjointh- owned a greater portion of the land now occupied by the city. In 1817 Juan 
Maestre (John Masters, in English) obtained a one-hundred-acre grant from Spain, and became 
a settler with the Hogans, on adjoining property. He soon left, however, and in 1820 
conveyed his property to John Brady, who proceeded to occupy and improve it. Mr. Brady, 
by reason of his entertaining, at liis house, the few travelers who stopped over in the new 
settlement, enjoys the distinction of having kejjt the first hotel in what has since become one 
of the foremost hijtel cities in the country. The first store was conducted by Dawson & Buckles, 
two Georgians, who were among the first settlers. 

On the 22d of February, 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the United States. This was a 
signal for the influ.x of immigrants from every direction. Among the first of these was John 
Locke Doggett, who afterwards built the first court house, and liccame the first County Judge, 
besides holding many otlicr positions of trust and honor, including the Presidency of the 
Legislative Council of the Territory; Colonel I. D. Hart and his brother, Daniel C, who 
likewise became prominent in pul)lic affairs. Others were John Bellamy, Benjamin Chaires, 
Francis ]. Ross and D. II. S. Miller. In 1822 the town was laid out, and named in honor of 
General Andrew Jackson, the first Territorial (Governor. :\Icssrs. Bellamy, Ross and Chaires 
were the Town Commissioners, and Miller the Surveyor. The city was not incorporated, 
however, until 1833. The first Mayor was William J. Mills, of an English family. The 
community flourished and grew, and the inhabitants prospered, till the l^rcaking out of the 
Seminole War, in 1835, when there was a general cessation in all lines of business till the 
restoration of peace, in 1S42. While Jacksonville was never attacked during this war, her 
commerce and interior trade, as well as all agricultural operations in the interior, were entirely 
suspended. All able-bodied men were on dut}-, and the planters, with their families and slaves, 



had fled to Jacksonville fur protectiun fnini the marauding savag-es. ^Vith the end of the war 
came another era of pros])erity, which continued uninterrupted till the last great calamity, 
the Civil War, was inaugurated. It destroyed everything. Jacksonville was abandoned by its 
inhabitants, by all whc.i could get away; many of them lost all, a large number carrying away 
nothing. They went mostl}- into the interior, where for four years they struggled with privation 
and hardships unknown before. When the war had ended and they returned, it was to find, 
in many cases, their homes and buildings destroyed, and themselves [without a shelter, and 

unable to recognize the places 
where they had lived. The 
United States army had held 
possession — though at the flrst not 
continuously — and while here had 
put the torch to and burned down 
every building in the outer edge 
of the town, and had thrown up 
breastworks in almost every ciuar- 
tcr. Except the surprise and 
killing of a picket-guard at the 
Brickyard Branch, soon after the 
commencement of the war, the 
place was ne^■er attacked by the 
Confederate forces, because it was 
well known to the leaders that. 
if taken, it could not be held, as 
long as the river was open to the 
United States gunboats. 
f the war. in 1S65. At that time 
returned; but the people were in 





II 11 N si| ^ 



BAV 



KEET, 



EAS'l 



The real history r)f Jackson\-ille dates from the close 
the little city had a population of abovu 5,000, when all h 
a fearfully demoralized condition. The principal buildings, including the court house, churches, 
schools, and many of the residences, had been destroyed by tire. There was absoluteh- no 
btLsiness, no commerce, no eommtmication with the outside world, save bv one railroad, the 
Florida Central and Peninsular, as it is now called, running from Jackson\-ille to Uuincy, without 
connection with any other line. This mad, for want of adequate repairs and equipment, at 
that time was almost worthless, and, as some wit described it, was "only two streaks of nist 
running through a wilderness." Ciradually. however, the leading spirits got together, anel began 
to knit anew the fabric of their destiny. Almost all kinds of business carried on before the 
war were by degrees revi\-ed. and some to a greater extent than ever before. The genial 
climate, and curiosit_\- to see I'lorida, brought many from aliroad, who, when the\- came, were 
often so agreeably surprised and so pleased, that the accounts they gave created an innuence 
which brtiught in foreign capital, which, increasing with the general pros])erilv of the counli"\', 
has produced here what in an earlier day wotild ha\'e l)een considered a fiction rather than 
a real it V. 



[ACKSONVILLE TO-DAY. 



r^^^OjT"^ I T i I tliis brief summary of events in the history of Jaeksonville, from the time 
mH[ Rpi P "^ ^^^ settlement to the elose of the war in 1S65, we will dispense with the 
l\W\W/ K'l regular narrative, and close the City's history up to date in the accounts given 
|^^^:S^^ of her various industries and institutions. These are largely of such importance 
as to require a separate chapter for each ; the subjects can in this manner be 
treated more comprehensively, and with greater clearness and 



mvenience to the reader. 



CITY GOVERNMHNT. 




irder that the reader may have at his command the fullest measure of information 
concerning the laws under which the municipality is operated, it is deemed best 
to insert a copy of the City Charter here. Jacksonville has had many charters in 
her history; biit, as wisdom is gained by experience, it is believed that the present 
one is by long odds the best she has ever had. Prior to the year 18S7 the community, 
now Lompiismg the City of 
Jacksonville, contained three sep- 
arate municipalities: Jacksonville, 
La Villa and Fairfield. By an act 
of the Legislature, approved May 
31st, 1887, the then existing char- 
ters of these three cities were abol- 
ished, and the present municipality 
of Jacksonville was established. 
By this act the city limits of Jack- 
sonville were extended so as ti > 
embrace the other two, besides 
considerable adjacent territory, 
almost doubling the population, 
while increasing the area many 
fold. The conditions existing prior 
to the adoption of the present 
charter, in 1887, were such as to 
materially hinder the progress of 
the City and permanently check 
its growth. It was in the hands 
of the rabble, largely. The negro 
element predominated in all depart- 
ments of city affairs. Citizens were 

continually apprehensive; credit main sikkki, looking, soiih. 

was destroyed, friction engendered, 

and dire consequences imminent, when House Bill No. 4, as the act was called, relieved the situation 
by taking away the fi-anchise from the people. The City Council then was appointed by the Governor, 
and that body elected all other city officials. This heroic measure, as it may be termed, was adopted 
on the petition of a large majority of the best citizens and property owners, and only as a last resort 




to obtain a measure of relief. It was the salvation (jf the cDniniunity. The beneficent effects of 
the measure were felt from the moment of its adoption, and the City entered upim a period of 
prosperity and confidence never before enjoyed. But it served its time and purpose. When the 
Legislature of 1893 met a petition was presented for an amendment to the cliarter, restoring to the 
people the elective franchise, which it had been necessary at another time to take from them. The 
bill for amendment was championed by Hon. D. U. Fletcher, now Mayor, but then a Representative 
from Duval County. This amendment was adopted, and approved Maj' 30th, 1893, and the 
Council is now elected by the people; City affairs work smoothly, and general satisfaction is the 
result. 

The Constitution of the State of Florida, now in force, contains the following; provisions 
cimcerning ^lunicipalities and "Municipal (jovernmcnts ; 

ARTICLE VI 11, 

Sechon S. The Legislature shall have p 
provide for their government: to prescribe the: 
same at any time. When any munici]3ality sh; 
protection of its creditors. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Sf.ci ION 5. The Legislature shall authorize the se\-eral counties and incorporated cities or 
towns in the State to assess and impose taxes, for count\- and mtmicipal purposes, and for no other 
purposes, and all property shall be taxed upon the principles estabUshed for State taxation. But 
the cities and incorporated towns shall make their own assessments for ntunici])al pur])oses ujjon the 
property within their limits. 

Following is the Jacksonville City Charter, together with tlie amendments thereto: 



jower t< 


> establish an( 


\ to abolish munic 
vers, and to alter oi 
.vision sliall be m 


i]Kilities: 
■ amend 
ade for 


: t< 


■ir jurisi: 
hall be 


licti(jn and pn\ 
abolished, pr. 


th( 
th. 



THE CHARTER. 

Act of May 31st, 1SS7, except where otherwise noted. 

'AN ACT to Establish the Municipality of Jacksonville, provide for its Government, and Prescribe its Jurisdiction and 
Powers," approved May 31st, 1SS7, as amended by Acts approved, respectively, June 2d, 1SS7, May i6th, iSSr), 
and May 31st, iSSg. 



1. Sections i, 2, 3, 4 — City Established; Bound- 
aries; General Powers; Corporate Authority Vested; 
Who Eligible to Office. 

2. Article 11 — The Mayor; Powers and Duties. 

3. Article III— The City Council; Powers and 
Duties. 

4. Article IV— Bonds. 

5. Article V— The Board of Public Works; 
Powers and Duties. 

6 Article VI— The Police ; Appointment ; I )rgan- 
ization ; Powers and Duties. 

7. Article VII— The Comptroller; Duties. 

8. Article VIII— The Treasurer; Duties. 

9. Article IX— The Recorder; Duties. 



10. Article X— The Municipal Court; Organiza- 
tion ; Jurisdiction, and Powers. 

11. Article XI— The Marshall; Duties; Police 
Powers. 

12. Article XII— Taxes; Levy and Collection 
Authorized and Provided for. 

13. Article XIII— Miscellaneous ; Fees and Costs ; 
Additional Employees; Digest of Ordinances; Proving 
Ordinances; Ordinances Received m Evidence. 

14. Article XIV — Repeal of Former Charter and 
Provisions for Debts; Ordinances of Former Corpora- 
tions. 

15. Right of l-'minent Domains and Condemna- 
tion Proceeding 



rhat a 

;ab:islK-cl. 



Smiox I. />V // enact t;f by the r.>,Liis/atiiri- of the State of I- lor i, la, as f>llo:. 
municipality, to be called the City of Jacksonville, is hereby established in Duval 
County, the territorial lioundaries of which shall be as follows; 

Beginning on the east side of the channel of the St. Johns River, where the section line 
between sections six and seven, township two .south, range twenty-seven east, prolonged eastward 
wotild intersect said east side of the channel of said river, and running thence due west 
along the previously described line and between sections one and twelve in township 
two south, range twenty-six east, and between sections two and eleven, and between sections three 



and ten to the quarter-section stake between the said sections thi-ee and ten; thence due south 
one-half mile ; thence west one-half mile to the section line between sections nine and ten ; thence 
dt:e south to the St. Johns River; thence east to the east side of the channel of said river; thence 
down and along the east and south side of said river channel to the place of beginning, (a) 

Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have perpetual succession, shall sue and be sued, plead and be 
impleaded; may purchase, lease, receive and hold property, real and personal, within said City; and 
may sell, lease or otherwise dispose of the same for the benefit of the City; and may purchase, lease, 

receive and hold property, real and personal, beyond the limits of the City, to be used 

^"""^^ — "'^^"^' for the burial of the dead; for the erection of water-works; for the establishment of 
poor houses, pest houses, houses of 
detention and correction ; for pub- 
lic parks and promenades, and for 
any other public purpose that the 
Mayor and City Council may deem 
necessary or proper ; and may sell, 
lease, or otherwise dispose of such 
property for the benefit of the City, 
to the same extent as natural per- 
sons may. Said Citv 

Common Seal. i n i j 

shall have and use a 

common seal, and change it at 
pleasiu'e. 
Se 



Corporate 
Authority 
Vested. 



3. The corporate author- 
ity of said City shall be 
vested in a Mayor and 
City Council, a Board 
of Public Works, a Comptroller, a 
Recorder, a Treasurer, and such 
other officers as may be appointed 
and elected in pursuance of law. 

Sec. 4. No penson shall be 

eligible to any of said 

t^offi^e.'^"'"' offices who shall not 
be a citizen of the 
State of Florida, and who shall not 
have been a resident of the City for at leas 
any such officer cease to be a resident of the 




street, looki 



two years immediately precedi 
City, his office shall be thereby 


ig his el 
vacated. 


\RTICLE 11. 





How 
Elect 


and W 
ed. 


,en 




Compensation. 


and 


Sec 
sales 


2 1 

undt 



I. The ]kIayor shall be elected by the City Council from among the registered voters of 
said City, for the term of two years, at the first regular meeting in Jiine, i88g, and 
biennially thereafter. He shall have power to preserve the peace within the City. 
He shall receive such compensation, not exceeding §25 per month, as may be fixed 
by the City Council before his election. (/') 
He shall have power to bid in property for the City at all tax sales and judicial sales 
er processes at law when the City is a party; t" (r) direct ami control the police force 



(a) Boundaries as Amended by Section 13, Act of May 31s 
(*) Section i, Act of May i6th, iSSg. 

(c) Words "Appoint subject to confirmation by the Counc 
1S.S7, and repealed by Section 6, Act of May 16th, iSSg, 

Hi 



1SS9. 



conrticted with Section I, Article YI, Act of May 



of the City; to make /n* tempore appointments to fill vacancies caused by sickness, 

absence or other disability of any City Officer, and to suspend any City Officer for mis- ~ '— 

conduct in office or neglect of duty, reporting his actions with his reasons therefor, in writing, t(.) 
the next meeting of the City diuncil for its approval or rejection; but he shall not have the power 
to fill vacancies in or to suspend members of the Board of Public Works or of the City Council. 

He may, whenever in his judgment the good of the City requires it, call special meetings of 

the City Council, and, when so called, he shall state by message the objects for which 

it shall have been convened ; and the business of such meeting shall be restricted to ciaf iieetings 
the objects so stated. " — - ""'^' ' — 

He shall have a general supervision and control over all City < )fficers (but not over members 
of the City Council or members of the Board of Public Works), and, with the same exception, may 
at all times examine into the condition of their respLxtive offices, the books, papers 
and records therein, and the manner of conducting their official business; and pJrl^iston of 
may call upon any officer, clerk or deputy, for information in relation to any matter — '''^^^ — 
pertaining to his office. 

He shall carefully examine all bills passed, and .should any not meet his approbation, he shall 

return the same to the next regular meeting of the City Council, with his objections in 

writing. He shall be required to veto only stich features in a bill as he may deem -^-^ — '^^' 
objectionable, and may approve the residue of the same bill. 

At least once in every three months he shall cause to be presented to the shaii Require t\- 
City Council a full and complete statement of the financial condition of the City. nanciai state iiients. 

He shall communicate from time to time to the City Council stich information and recommend 

such measures as may, in his judgment, tend to the improvement of finances and to 

the general interest of the City, and shall report to the City Council all violations to'cmincir"""'" 
or neglect of duty on the part (jf any City Officer which may come to his knowledge. 

He shall take care that all the laws and ordinances concerning the City are 

duly respected and observed in the City, and its property outside the City, and shall o'rdinance-f. 
perfonii such other duties as may by ordinances of the City Council be required of him. 
He shall cause all ordinances passed by the City Council to be published immediately in To Publish 
one of the City newspapers. No ordinance shall take effect until so published. r 

Sec. 3. The Mayor may be impeached by the City Council for misfeasance, malfeasance, or 
nonfeasance in office, and, two-thirds of the City Council concurring, may be removed. 
Should charges at any time be preferred against the Mayor, the City Council shall 
proceed without unnecessary delay to investigate and decide them. 

Sec. 4. In case of the absence of the Mayor, the President, or in his absenc 
President, of the Board of Councilmen shall discharge the duties of Mayor and recei\-e 
the Mayor's salary for the time of his absence. In case the Mayor's office is vacated, 
the President, or in his absence, the acting President, of the Board of Coinicilmen shall discharge 
the duties of said office until a successor shall be elected by the City Council, [a) 



Impeat 


^hment 


of. 


-■C. thi 


'. act: 


ing 


Acting Mayor. 



Skciio.x I. The legislative puwcr of said corp;)ration shall be exercised by a Cit 
composed of eigliteen members appointed by the Coxcnior for a term of tlirce yea 
two from each election district of said City as at i^rescnt districted. The office 
any Councilman removing from his ward shall lie thereby vacated. The members shall 
annually one of their own number to be their presiding othcer, who shall lie called 
President of the City Council, and shall have power to enforce such rules as may j^J',„'^ 
be adopted by the Board for its government. The City Council may determine its 

(rt) Section 2. Act of May i6tli, 1SS9. 



lijw Appointeir 



own rules of pmceedings and prescribe the punishment of its members for non-attendance or dis- 
order!}- conduct, and enforce the same. Two-thirds of its members concurring, it may 

''^" ^'°"' expel a member for non-attendance, or other improper conduct, while in office. A 

majority of the members of the Board shall be required to form a quorum for the 

transaction of business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day. To enable 
the City Council to fully investigate charges against its own members or other officers, or such other 

matters as they may deem proper, the Mayor or Recorder, at the request of the 

'— Board, shall issue subpoenas and compulsory process to compel the attendance of per- 
sons and the production of books and papers before the City Council, and the Recorder shall have 
^ power to administer necessary oaths. The City Council shall hold meetings at such times 

ee^ings. ^^^ .^ mav determine, not less than one meeting each month. Councilmcn sliall receive no 




Jacksonv 



Va 



mpensation. The Government shall appoint the Board of Councilmen as soon as practicable after 

. the passage of this Act, and shall fill all vacancies in the Council by appointment. 

'■ The Councilmen appointed under this Act shall immediately thereafter qualify and 

assume the duties of the office, (a) 

Sf.c. 2. No bill shall become a law without first having been passed on three several read- 
ings by a majority vote, on the third of which readings a majority of the whole 



been signed by the Mayor, 
(,!) Section 3, Act of May i6th, 1SS9. 



except that it may be passed without his signature, as 



herein provided. No ordinance or portion of an ordinance vetoed by the Mayor shall go into effect 

unless the same be passed by two-thirds of the whole number of members of the City - 

Council. If the Mayor fail to return any ordinance at or before the next regular meeting ~-^--?~^- 
after its passage he shall be deemed to have approved the same, and it shall become a law without 
further action. 

Sec. 3. The Mayor and City Council shall have power and are hereby authorized to create 
such offices and provide by ordinance for the appointment or election of all such officers as may be 

necessary for the good government of the city (not in conflict with nor to interfere with 

the duties of officers and appointees provided for in this Act), whose compensation and oMces''^'^^'^ 
terms of service shall be fixed before their election, and the compensation shall nut be 
increased or diminished during their term of office. The Mayor and City Council shall have power 
to abolished at any time any office created by them, and to discharge an}- officer elected or appointed 

by them, except as herein otherwise provided ; biit shall not abolish any office created ^ _ — ^ 

under this Act. All elections bv the City Council shall be I'/z'tr ivire on the call of - ' — ' 

the roll. All officers created by this act, or created by City ordinance and appointees of the Board 

of Public Works, shall be required to give such bond as the Mayor and City Council 

may by ordinance provide; and the Board of Public Works may demand of its to Give Bond. 

employees, appointees and artisans such bond as it shall deem fit in case there is no 

ordinance of the Mayor and City Council requiring such bond. No Cmmcilman shall Sbuf't^^'other'' 
be eligible to any other city office. offices. 

Every officer before entering iipon the duties of his office shall take oath to 

faithfully and impartially perform the same. -" ' ' 

Sec. 4. The ^layor and City Council shall, within the limitations of this Act, have power, by 

ordinances, to levy and collect taxes upon all property and privileges taxable by 

law for State purposes; to appropriate money and provide for the payment of the ' 

debts and expenses of the City, and also for the debts of the municipal corporation of which said 

City is the successor; to make regulations to prevent the introduction of contagious . — 

diseases in the City; to make quarantine laws for the purpose, and to enforce the same "Aran me. 
within five miles of the City; to establish hospitals, jails, houses of detention and correction, and 
make regulations for the government thereof; to make regulations to secure tlic general healtli of 

the inhabitants, and to prevent and remove nuisances; [a) to provide for the cleaning 

and keeping in good sanitary condition an)- and all premises within the limits of the City; legufauons. 
to regulate the construction, location and arrangement of earth closets and privies; to let 
by contract or to create a special department for the removal of all excrement and filtli from the 
privies and earth closets; to compel the owners or occupants of premises to jirovide buckets or other 
receptacles as may be deemed necessary; and to make the actual e.xpense of the measures 
contemplated in this .section, including the expense of the removal of excrement and filth and the 
cleaning of earth closets, privies and I'eeeptacles, a .special tax and lien upon the premises, and to 
enforce the payment thereof in the same manner as is or may be provided by law for the enforcement 

of the payment of (Jther taxes levied upon said premi.ses {/>) ; to provide the City with 

water, by water works, within or beyond the bormdaries of the City: to provide for the —^-^ — '^^-^ 
prevention and extinguishment of fires, and to organize and establish fire departments; to provide 
for lighting the City by gas or other illuminating material, or in any other manner; to make 

appropriation to open, alter, abolish, widen, extend, establish, grade, pave or otherwise 

improve, clean and keep in repair streets, alleys and sidewalks, and to erect, establish ,'™stree'ts!*^"' 
and keep in repair bridges, culverts, sewers and gutters; and to make appropriations 
for lighting the streets and public buildings, and for the erection of all buildings necessary for the 
use of the City; to license, tax and regulate auctioneers, taverns, peddlers, and retailers (jf li([uors. and 

all other privileges ta.xable by the State; to license, ta.x and regulate hackney carnages, 

carts, omnibuses, wagons and drays, and to fix the rate to be charged for the carriage of 

persons and of property within the City and to the public works and properly without the limits of 

(a) to (/') Section 12, .Xc-t of May 31st, iSSi). 



the City; to regulate, license or prohibit and suppress theatrical and other exhibitions, shows, 

parades and amusements; to prohibit and suppress all gambling houses, bawdy and 

GambimgHouses, disorderly houses, and obscene pictures and literature; to regulate, restrain or 

'' ^- prevent the carrying on of manufactories dangerous in causing or producing fires, 

and to regulate and license the sale of fire-arms, and suppress the carrying of concealed weapons; 
to regulate the storage of gunpowder, tar, pitch, resin, saltpetre, gun cotton, coal oil, and all other 
combustible, explosive and inflammable material, and the use of lights, candles, lamps and steam 
pipes in all stables, shops, and other places; and to regulate or suppress the use and sale of 
firecrackers and other fireworks and toy pistols; to establish standard weights and measures to be 

used in the City, and to appoint a Sealer of Standard Weights and Measures, who 

and'Measures^'^" shall havc exclusivc jurisdiction within the City; to provide for the inspection and 
measuring of lumber and other building material; to provide for the inspection and 




Jacks 



weighing or measuring of stone, coal, wood, and all fuel, hay, crn, and other grain; to provide for 

: and regulate the inspection of beef, pork, tlour, meal, and all other provisions, oils. 

wlSfns,'etc°"''^°" whiskey and other spirits in barrels, hogsheads and other vessels; to regulate the 

" ~ inspection of milk, butter, lard, and other provisions; to regulate the vending of 

meat, poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables; to restrain and punish the forestalling and regrating 

^ — of provisions, and to establish and regulate markets; to provide for the arrest. 

Establish Markets. . . '^ ' r • 

uupnsonment and punishment of all riotous and disorderly persons within the City, 
by day or by night, and for punishment of all breaches of the peace, noise, disturbance, and 



disorderly assemblies ; to fix, from time to time, the number and boundaries of the Cit}- wards; to 

pass all ordinances necessary for the health, convenience and safety of the citizens, and tn carry out 

the full intent and meanino^ of this Act, and to accomplish the object of this incorporation ; 

to impose penalties upon tlic owners, occupants or agents of any lioTise. walk or s'trucrures'^ 

sidewalk, or other structure, which nia\- be considered dangx-rous or detrimental to the 

citizens, unless, after due notice, to be fixed by ordinance, the sanae be removed or repaired; to 

regulate, tax, license or suppress the keeping and going at large of all animals within 

the City, to impound the same, and in default of redemption in pursuance of ordinance, Annnais^'"® 
to sell, kill, or otherwise dispose of the same; to prnvidc fur inclosing, inijuMving and 
regulating all public grounds belonging to the City, in or out ut the corporate limits; to regulate the 
anchorage or mooring of vessels, lighters and rafts within the City; to provide for the appointment 
of a police force, and to impose fines, forfeitures, penalties and terms of imprisonment ior a breach 
of any City ordinance, but no penalty shall exceed five hundred dollars, and no term — . __ 

of imprisonment shall be for a longer term than three months for the same (jffensc; 
(o-) regulate, provide for and compel the construction and repair of sidewalks and foot pavements, 

and if the owner or owners of any lot or lots shall fail to comply with the provisions of 

such ordinances, within .such time as may be prescribed thereby, the Board of Public wa__s. 

Works may contract for the construction or repair of such sidewalks or pavements, and the amount 
contracted to be paid for the same bv the City shall be a lien upon said lut or lots along which such 
sidewalks or pavement is constructed or repaired, and such amount may be assessed as a special tax 
against the lot or lots adjoining which such sidewalk or foot pavement shall be constructed or 
repaired, or the same may be enforced by suit at law or in ecjuity, or the said amount may be 
recovered against said owner or owners by suit before any court of competent jurisdiction; to 

regulate, recpiire and provide for the construction or repair of streets, and paving the 

same, and shtndd the owner or owners of hjts fronting on such street or part thereof pavfng^^strMts"'^ 
require to be constrticted , repaired or paved, fail to compl}' with the orders of the 
Board of Public Works and provisions of ordinances passed in pursuance hereof, the City may have 
the work done, and the amount contracted to be paid therefor shall be a lien on the hjt or lots 
fronting on such streets, or affected by such improvement, /re nrfd, and may be enfcnved or 
recovered in same manner as above set forth as to sidewalks and foot pavements; Provided, that 
owners of the property on each side of the street wdiere such street shall be constructed, or paved, or 
repaired, shall only be liable for one-third of the actual cost of construction, paving or repairing; to 

compel owners of buildings to erect fire escapes when necessary; to re.gulate and ^ 

provide for the erection, removal, repair and alteration of buildings, the setting of _J:5i5nJi!lLi' — L:£ii 
steam boilers, building of furnaces, heating buildings by steam, setting ranges, and all such matters 

as may tend to the prevention of conflagrations and protection of life and property — _ 

within the City (/■) ; to grant the right-of-w^ay through the streets, avenues and Right-of-Way 
scpiares of said City for the purpose of street, or other railroads; to take and """"^ — ' 
appropriate grounds for widening streets, or parts thereof, or for laying out new streets, avenues, 

scjuares, parks, or promenades, when the public convenience may recpiire it, pro\-idcd 

the owner or owners thereof shall receive compensation for the same; and to designate lor"streeu.'™c. 
or provide for the appointment of an officer to preside in the City Court. 

Si-;c. 5. The .Mayor and City Council are forbidden to make any appropriations of money and 

credit in the way of donations, festivities, pageants, excursions or parades, noi' shall thc\- 

be authorized to subscribe for stock in any railroad eonii)any o." in any uther corpoi'ation, K,Tbiaa"n. 

or give or lend any money, aid or credit to any person or corporation whatever, and they 

are hereby prohibited from employing or appropriating the revenues and taxes in any other manner 

than for purposes strictly municipal and local and according to the provisions of this 

Act. Said munici])ality shall not cxiMupt any property from taxation which shall Taxatum"" ''"'"" 
not be exempt from taxation by the State. 

Skc. 6. Said Corj)oration shall have no power to levy in any year for ordinary Corporation 

(_i,') to (//) Section 1, Act of .May 31st, iSS.j. 



Limit of Tax Levy, purposes a higher rate of taxes than one per eent. of the assessed value of the 
taxable propert)' within its limits; the word " ordinary" is to embrace all expenses 
for tire, police, streets, gas and other illuminating material, water, and all other purposes strictly 
mtmicipal, excluding the special tax for water works and fire protection, which may be levied 
according to the provisions of Chapter 3605 of the Laws of Florida, and excluding interest on debt 
and tax for Sinking Fund, and a tax to pay any judgment against the City or levied in obedience 
to any mandamus, for which an additional levy may be made. (*) 

Six. 7. It shall be the duty of the City Council each year, within thirty days after the Board 

of Public Works has submitted its estimate, to agree upon a budget for expenses of 

PubifcaUon of""' the ensuing year; which budget shall designate the officers of the corporation for 

'^'^' the year, with the salary of each, and under general heads, such as Streets, Fire 

Department, (jas. Water, Police, etc., the subjects of corporation and the estimated amount, run 
out in figures, of the probable expenditures for each purpose. This budget shall be published in one 
of the newspapers of the City. 

Sec. 8. Any Mayor, Councilman, officer or employee of said corporation, or other person 

entrusted with the collection (.>r disbursement of the corporation funds, who shall 

tion^of Th°ree Pre- knowingly violate any of the ]3rovisions of the three last preceding sections, or aid in 
ceding Sections. ^^^^^^ violation, or who shall create, or aid in creating, any liability of the corporation, 
beyond the expenses as fixed by the budget, in the modes especially designated, shall be civilly 
liable to the corporation for the excess, and for any loss to the corporation, and shall also be guilty 
of a misdemeanor, for which he shall, on conviction, be fined not less than twenty dollars, or be 
imprisoned in the county jail not less tlian one day, or may be both fined and imprisoned. 

Sec. 9. The City Council sliall, by oi'dinance, determine the number of Standing Committees, 

and number of nicnihcrs of wliich each committee shall be composed, and shall 

Commhtees designate the cliaractcr and duties of each. The President of the City Council shall 
appoint said committees. Said committees shall be appointed biennially, as soon as 



Bonds Authorized. 



djle after the election of the President of the Board. 
ARTICLE IV. 

BOX Lis. 

icrioN I. The Mayor and City Council of the C'ity of Jackson\-ille, in their corporate capacity 
are hereby authorized to issue bonds of said City to an amount not exceeding 
^750,000, signed by the Mayor and countersigned by the Recorder, with interest 
coupons attached, which shall be signed by the Treasurer of said City; Provided, lim^'tvcr, that 
before said bonds shall be issued or otherwise provided for, the issuance of said bonds shall be 
approved by a majority of the votes cast by the registered votei's of the election districts comprising 
said City, at an election held for that purpose, at a time and in a manner to be prescribed by the 
Mayor and City Council of said City. (/) 

SiA . 2. The bonds issued under this Act shall be of sucli denomination, bear such rate of 

interest, not exceeding six per centum per annum, and lie due in such time, not less than 

— ^^^ five nor more than thirty years from the date thereof, us said corporate authorities may 

determine, and provision may be made, if deemed expedient, in the ordinance providing for the 

^ — issuance of such bonds, for calling in and paying off any bond before it shall become due. 

-^ — ^^""^^ vSec. 3. The bonds herein provided for shall in no case be sold for less than par. 

Sec. 4. A .sufficient number of said bonds shall be used for the refunding of the bonded 
indebtedness of said City now outstanding, and the proceeds arising from the sale, from 



sanitary condition of said City (including the pinvliasi.- or condemnation as provided by 
law, drainage, filling in and reclaiming the low lands in said Cit\ ), the LXtension and improvement 

(*) Chapter 3605. Laws of Florida, at end of this Charter. 
(/) Section 4, Act of May 15th, 1S89. 



pill 



iprovcments 



sick-nts 



of the sewerage and water systems nf said City, and the making ni suel" 
as the anthiirities of said City may deem advisable. 

Skc. 5. There shall be a board of seven trustees, no two of whom shall be 
same election district as at present districted, whose duty it shall be to receive the 
said bonds as soon as the same are engraved and executed, and use and dispose of 
the same as hereinbefore provided, and approve all such contracts necessarv for 
carrying out the improvements directed by the Council and Board of Public Works as are to be paid 
for out of the proceeds of said bonds, and audit all such accounts and pay the same from the pro- 
ceeds of said bonds. The first board shall be appointed by the Governor, one each for a term of 
one, two, three, four, five, six and seven years, respectively. Vacancies by expiration of terms shall 



Appomtn 
of°Tr"st1 




i)f the Jai 



be filled for a term of seven years by the Trustees at the first regular meeting thereof in the month 
next prior to such expiration, or as soon thereafter as ])racticablc. Any vacancy other than by 
expiration of terms shall be filled by the remaining Trustees for llic remainder of the term as soon 
as practicable after such vacancy occurs. They shall receive no compensation. No person shall be 
elected to fill a vacancy in said board unless he receive more than three votes. A majority of said 
Trustees shall constitute a quortim and be capable of transacting any business. 

Skc. 6. The Mayor and City Council shall have jxiwer to levy annually sucii special Tax. 
special tax on the taxable property within the corporate limits of said City as may be 
necessary to provide funds for the ])aymcnt of interest coupons, and to jjnpvide a sinking fund for 



ction of. 



the payment "f said bonds, and to reqtiirc of the disbursing- agents handling the 

May Bond Agents. ^loneys hereb}" provided for such official bonds for the faithful performance of their 
duties as they may determine. 

ARTICLE V. 

IHK no.-VRI) OF PUIIMC WORKS. 

Sfxtion I. There shall be a Board of Public Works, composed of three members, who shall 
be elected by the City Coimcil, to serve for a term of three years, and until their 
successors shall be elected and qualified ; Provided, lioivcver, that the first election shall 
be held at the first regular meeting of the City Council in June, 1889, or as soon thereafter as 
practicable, at which time one member shall be elected to serve for one year, one member to serve for 
two years, and one member to serve for three years. The annual election by said City Council for 
the purpose of filling expirations as they occur shall be on the first regular meeting in June of each 
year, or as soon thereafter as practicable. No person shall be elected unless he receive more than 
nine votes. The Board of Public Works elected under this Act shall immediately assume the duties 
of the office, and their predecessors shall immediately deliver to them all books, papers and property 

of said B<.)ard. [a] 
Mayor and Council Sec. 2. The Mayor shall not be eligible to membership in said Board of 

Ineligible. • • J S f 

Public Works, nor shall any Councilman be eligible. 

Each member shall give bond with not less than three sureties, or the surety of an approved 
guarantee and indemnity company, to the satisfaction of the Mayor and City 
Council in the sum of not less than ten thousand dollars, conditioned for the faith- 



Bonds of Members, 



ful performance of his duties and the disbursement of, and accounting for, all moneys coming into 
his hands in his official capacity, which sureties shall be required to justify in the aggregate to the 
amoimt of ten thousand dollars, and such bond shall, when approved by the Mayor and City Council, 
be filed with the Recorder and be enrolled by him in a book to be kept f<.>r the purpose of enrolling 
all official bonds. 

The compensation of the members of the Board of Public Works shall be fixed 
by city ordinance prior to their election, which shall not be changed during 

Compensation. ,/ • 1 £ ai 

their terms ot office. 

Sec. ,3. The Board of Public ^Vorks shall hold regular meetings at least once in every week, 

and as much oftener as the business entrusted to its care may require ; two members of 

Meetmgs. ^^^^ Board shall constitute a c[uorum for the transaction of business. The ayes and noes 
shall be called and entered upon a journal upon the passage of every resolution or order of any kind, 
and no resolution or order shall be adopted unless two votes are recorded in its favor. Said 
meetings shall be held at stated times, and no called meetings shall be held until notice of the 
called meeting shall have been given by the Recorder to each member, and no business shall be 
done at any called meeting unless such notice shall have been given. 

Sec. 4. The Board shall keep a complete record of all its proceedings, and a copy 

Pro°Jed?nsrs ^Hjin its records, certified by the Clerk of the Board, shall be competent evidence in all 
courts of this State. 

vSec. 5. The members of the Board shall have seats in the City Council, and be entitled to take 

part in all proceedings and deliberations on all questions relating to matters under 

c"unc1i"Meetings. their charge, subject to such rule as the Mayor and City Council shall from 
time to time prescribe, but without the right to vote, and one member of the 
Board may be compelled to attend every meeting of the City Council. 

vSec. 6. The Board shall have exclusive power to employ such chiefs or heads 

Heads of"£)epart- of departments, fireinen, engineers, clerks, superintendents, lab()rers and other 
■ — '- persons as it may deem necessary for the execution of its duties, and to fix 

(a) Section 5, Act of May i6th, 1889. 



their cDinpcnsation, and any (if them may he discharged at any time by the Board 
Wnrks at its discretion. 

Sk( . 7. The Board of Public Works shall not elect or employ or appoint or c" 
contract with the Mayor or any Councilman, or with any other City official. 

vSi-.c. 8. The Board of Public Works shall have exclusive power and control 
construction, supervision, cleaniui;', repairing, grading and improving of all streets, 
alleys, avenues, lanes, public wharves and landings, market-houses and spaces, bridges, 
sewers, drains, ditches, culverts, canals, streams and water courses, sidewalks and 
curbing and over the lighting of all such places as mav be deemed necessary within the co 
and to fix and establish the grades of ill stieets and alle}s a\cnues ind thoroughfares. 
B ard shall als hue cxclu n p ^ 1 ip*-' "^ " " ^ '"i*^' ' '^'-' the construction. 



•poration. 
The said 




cleaning, lighting and heating of all public buildings and o\-cr all pulilic inipro\-em(. 

Skc. 9. The Board shall have exclusi\-c power to make all impro\-enicnts ai 
within the bud.get which shall cost less than two hundred dollars, but shall let all 
contracts of over two hundred dollars to the lowest re.sponsible bidder. 

Sk.u. 10. The Board shall have exclusive power to organize and control the 
Fire Department,* the Water Works and its appurtenances, the Cas and other 
illuminating works of the City, and the jails and houses of correction antl detention. 

Skc. II. The Board of Public Works shall, on or before the day fixed in each y( 
submit to the City Council an itemized estimate of the amount of money necessary 
and advisable, in their opinion, to spend in the execution of the duties entrusted to 

(*) This section has been amended so as to place the fire department under tonlrol of tlie Bon 



To Make Contracts. 






To Control 
Fire Depart 
Water Work 


:ii^: 


ir, prepare 


and 


Annual Estin 


ates. 



them for the ensuiny year, giving in detail the plans of construction and repairs, and estimates of 
expenditures and salaries, etc., proposed by them, with the estimated cost of each improvement, or 
salary, specifying for what department required, as streets, sewers, water works, fire department, etc. 

Sec. 12. It shall be the duty of the Mayor and City Council in their annual levy of taxes to 

— ^ make such levy as in their judgment shall be necessary and advisable for expenditure 

Board^of*' '"^ Under the direction of the Board of Public Works, and the amount so levied shall be 

collected and carried to the credit of the Board of Public Works, and shall not be 

diverted from said Board and used by the Mayor and City Council for any other purpose, but the 

— same shall remain as a separate fund in the hands of the Treasurer of the City. 

for Purposes of The Board shall not divert the tax levy of the Mayor and City Council from the 
' purposes or departments for which it was levied. 

Sec. 13. When the Board shall deem it advisable to make a contract for the execution of any 

work, or for the purchase of any material or matters under its charge, to an amount 

Ove?$5^!"^^ exceeding five hundred dollars, a careful estimate shall be made in detail of the cost 

of such work or material, and the Board shall transmit to the Mayor and City 

Council, with its recommendations, an ordinance authorizing the said expenditure, with an 

estimate of the cost. 

Lowest'^BMder. Upon the passage by the Mayor and City Council of such ordinance, it shall 

be the duty of the Board of Public Works to advertise and let the work and 
material to the lowest responsible bidder. 

Sec. 14. All contracts of the Board shall be made in the name of the City, 

Executed, Filed shall be executed in behalf of the City by the presiding officer of the Board, 
under the seal of the corporation, and shall be filed and recorded in the office 

of the Board. 

Liability Created , . , -,^ , , , , . , 

Only by Formal Sec. 15. No member or the Board, or other person, whether m the 

employment of the Board, or otherwise, shall have power to create any liabilitv 

on account of tlie Board or the funds under its control, except by express authority of 
the Board, conferred at a meeting duly and regularly convened. 

Sec. 16. If at any time it shall appear in the judgment of the Board that the levy made 

by the Mayor and City Council for the current or ensuing year for the use of the 

Deficiency"^ Department of Public Works is insufficient for properly conducting the affairs of 

the City, and for constructing improvements and repairs of such things as are 

committed to their charge consistent with the health, comfort and convenience of the 

inhabitants, they shall so report to the Mayor and City Council, furnishing at the same time an 

estimate of such deficiency, on receipt of which it shall be lawful for said Mayor 

Speciai^Levy w g^jj^\ City Council, in their discretion, to make such additional appropriation, and 
proceed to make a special levy, on the basis of the last assessment, upon the 
taxable property within the City taxable for State purposes, bi;t not to exceed, with levies 
previously made during the year, the limit provided by law. 

Sec. 17. No member, officer or employee of the Board, nor the Mayor, nor any 

ff°City Official Councilman, or other City official, shall be directly or indirectly interested in any 
Interested. — contract or Work of any kind whate\-cr under the direction of the Board. Any 
contract for work or material in which any such prohibited person shall have an interest, 
shall be void. 

Sec. 18. No money shall be paid at any time to any person claiming under a contract 

with the Board until such person shall have first filed with the Board his 

Oath of Contractor. ^^.,tg,.,.^gj-it binder oath, declaring that no person forbidden by this Act has 
any interest in the same. 

Sec. 19. When, in the opinion of the Board, it shall become necessary in the prosecution of 
any work to make alterations or modificaticms in the specifications or plans of a 



of°Contract° Contract, such alteration or modification shall only be made by order of the Board, and 
such order shall be of no effect until the price to be paid for the same shall have 



been agreed upon in writing, and signed by the contractor, and approved by the Board. Total 
cost of the work, with the addition so agreed i:pon, shall not exceed the original estimate, unless 
such addition shall be agreed to by the Mayor and City Council with the same formalities as 
attended the presentation and consideration of the original estimate. 

No contractor shall be allowed anything for extra work caused by an - - 

alteration or modification, unless an order shall have been made, and an agreement Extra Work Ex- 
shall have been signed, as is provided in the preceding section, nor shall he in "^ — ' 
any case be allowed more for such alteration than the price fixed by such agreement. 

Sec. 20. The Board shall puhlisli all resolutions declaring the necessity of 

improvements and expenditures ()\'cr five hundred dollars, and an ordinance ExpendUure '""^ 
authorizing such improvements and expenditures over five hundred dollars must be pubUshed ^° ^^ 
passed by the Mayor and City Council on the recommendation of the Board of 
Public Works, before the expenditure can be authorized or the work be done. 

Sec. 21. Any member f)f the Board may be removed from office for incompetency, inefficiency, 

neglect of duty or misconduct in office, by a vote of three-fourths of all the members 

elected to the City Council. For the unexpired term such vacancy shall be filled by ^^ — '^'"""^ 
election under the same rules as govern other elections of members of the Board. 

Upon specific charges, in writing and sworn to, being preferred against a 

member of the Board of Public Works, the City Council, by a majority vote of the ow uspen 

Board, may suspend such member for ten days, and within ten days after the order of suspension 

the charges shall be tried by the City Council, unless the accu.sed asks for further time. 

During the continuance at the request of the accused, his pay shall be stopped and deducted; — ''- — ^ 
but if the trial is delayed by the City Council and not by the accused, then the suspension shall not 
last longer than ten days. If a member of the Board of Public Works shall be adjudged, on such 
trial or inquiry, to have been guilty of the charge against him, the City Council shall have the power 

to punish, by a three-fourths vote of the whole Board, by dismissal from office, or by 

a majority vote on the call of the roll, by further suspension, as in their opinion the ~^^ — ismissed 
grade of offense may deserve. The decision of the City Council as to suspension or dismissal 
shall be transmitted to the Board of Public Works to be entered on its record. Vacancies, whether 

by removal or suspension, occurring after trial of charges as herein provided, shall 

be filled as in other cases, and the City Cotmcil shall have power to make temporary acancieb Piiied. 
appointments, to fill vacancies in the Board of Public Works, if a trial, as herein provided, sh(uild 
be delayed at the instance of the accused. 

Sk.c. 22. At the fii-st meeting after election the Board of Public Works shall elect 

one of their number chairman, who shall serve as such for two years. If tliev fail to d(.) ciiairman^ 

so, the Mayor shall appoint one of their number, who shall be chairman for two years. 

The chairman shall cast his vote on all questions v(jted ujjon. 

Sec. 23. The Recorder of the City shall also be the Clerk of the Board of Public 

Works. His duties as such Clerk shall be to keep the minutes of all official acts of cfer'ko?'^ Board 
the Board, and to do all other service usually pertaining to such office. 



ARTICLE VI 



Section i. There shall be a Board of Police Commissioners, cotnposed of three 
members, who shall be elected by the City Coimcil, to serve for a term of three 
years, and until their successors shall be elected and qualified. The first election 
shall be held at the first regular meeting of the City Council in June, 1889, or as 
soon as practicable thereafter. They shall receive no compensation. The Board of 
Police Commissioners shall have exclnsi\-c power to appoint, organize and remove 



Powers of Polii 



Power of Arrest, 



the members of the Police Force. The number and compensation of the Police Force 

genTatfon'of poHc'e shall be fixed by the City Conncil by ordinance. The Board of Police Commissioners 
''^ — ounci^ elected imder this Act shall immediately assume the duties of the office, and their 
predecessors shall immediately deliver to them all books, papers, and property of said Board, (a) 

Skc. 2. The Police shall possess all the common law and statutory powers 
)f constables, except for the service of civil process. All warrants issued from 
the City Court may be executed by any member of the Police. 

The Police Force at all times of the day or niyht shall preserve the public peace, prevent 

crime, detect and arrest offenders, suppress riots, protect the rights of persons and 

PoiVcem'en property, guard the public health, preserve order at elections, see that nuisances are 
removed, restrain disorderly houses, assist, advise and protect strangers and 
travelers in public streets, or at steamboat landings, or railroad stations, enforce all laws relating to 
the suppression and punishment of crime and to the public health and to disorderly persons, and 
all ordinances and resolutions of the City Cotincil in relation to police, health and criminal procedure. 
The Police Force shall have power and authority to immediately arrest without warrant and 
take into custody any person who shall commit or threaten, or attempt to commit in 
the presence of a member of it, or within his view, any breach of the peace or 
offense directly prohibited by act of the Legislature, or by ordinance of the City Ci.iuncil. Such 
member of the Police Force shall immediately, and without delay, upon sitch arrest, convey in 

. person such offender before the proper officers, that he may be dealt with according 

Reponed tame- to law, and the officer making such arrest shall at once, without delay, report the 
'^'''"^'^': arrest and the alleged cause to his superior officer. 

ARTICLE VII. 



Skciion 1. There shall be a Comptroller, wlm shall be the guardian <>f the financial interests 

of the City. He shall be elected by the City Council at its lirst regular meeting in 

Election^ January, 1888, or as soon thereafter as practicable, for the term of two years, and until 
his successor shall be elected and qualified, and biennially thereafter; Provided, however, that the 
first election shall be held at the first regular meeting of the City Council in January, 1888, or as 
soon thereafter as practicable, and the term of the Comptroller then elected shall continue only until 
the election and qualification of a Comptroller to be chosen in June, 1889. 

The salary of the Comptroller shall be fixed by the City Council before his election, 

^'^'^'"^' and shall not be changed ditring his term of office. 

His duties shall be to have the possession of all tax books and other evidences of 

°"'"'^' indebtedness t(.) the City, and of duplicates of all tax lists and receipts; to audit accounts 
against the City and of all City Officers, and to perform such other duties as the Mayor and City 
Council shall, from time to time, by ordinances prescribe. 

He shall give bond for the faithful performance of his duties, in such sum, and in such 

^°"'^' manner, as the Mayor and City Council shall prescribe. 

ARTICLE VIII. 



riox I. There shall be a Treasurer. He shall be elected by the City Council at its first 
regular meeting in June, 1889, or as soon thereafter as practicable, for the term of two 



Electio 



years, and until his successor shall be elected and qualified, and biennially thereafter. 
Provided, hotuever, that the first election shall be held at the first regular meeting of the City Council 
in January, 1888, or as soon thereafter as practicable, and the term of the Treasurer then elected 
.shall continue only until the election and cjualification of a Treasurer to be chosen in June, 1889. 
(a) Section 6. Act of May i6th, 1SS9. 



The salary of the Treasurer shall be fixed by the City Council before his election, and 
shall not be changed during his term of office. 

It shall be his duty to receive all money due to the City, and make daily reports 
thereof, and of disbursements, to the Comptroller, showing the items in detail, and to 
perform siich other duties as the Mayor and City Council may, from time to time, prescribe. 

He shall give bond for the faithful performance of his duties, in such sum, and in 
such manner, as the Alayor and City Cnuncil shall prescribe. The Treasurer sliall be 
Collector of Taxes. 

ARTICLE IX. 



Sectidn I. There shall be a Recorder, who shall be elected by the City Council at its first 

regular meeting in June, 18S9, or as soon thereafter as practicable, for the term of two 

years, and until his successor shall be elected and cjualified; and biennially thereafter. ^'^'^'° — 
Provided, lunvcvcr. That the first election shall be held at the first regular meeting of the City 
Coiincil in January, 1888, or as soon thereafter as practicable, and the term of the Recorder then 
elected shall continue only imtil the election or qualification of a Recorder to be chosen in June, 1889. 

The salary of the Recorder shall be fixed by the City Council before hi.s election, and 

shall not be changed during his term of office. He shall give bond for the faithful _?_^>j 
performance of his duties in such .sum, and in such manner, as the Mayor and Cit)' 

/^ ., -1 Bond. 

Council may prescribe. 

It shall be the duty of the Recorder to act as Secretary of the City Council, and 

of the Board of Public Works, and to act as Clerk of the City Court. Duties. 

ARTICLE X. 

THE :\IU-\ICIP.\L COURT. 

Section 1. In said City there shall be a Municipal Court for the trial of all offences against 

the Municipal Ordinances. The Judge of said Court shall be elected by the City 

Council at its first regular meeting in June, or as soon thereafter as practicable, .u ge. 

for the term of two years, and bi-ennially thereafter; Provided, howcvir. That the first election shall 
be held at the first regular meeting of the City Council in January, 1S8S, or as soon thereafter as 
practicable, and the temi of the Judge of said Court then elected shall continue only until the 
election and cpialification of a Judge of said Court to be chosen in June, 1889. 

He shall receive a salary from the City, to be fixed by the City Council before his 

election, which salary shall not be changed during his term. ^_ary. 

He shall have exclusive p(nvcr to pardon and release persons convicted by 

him under the City Ordinances. In case of his absence or inability, any Justice of 

the Peace, to be designated by the Mayor or Acting Mayor of the City, may hold "Absenc 

said Court. — ^ — 



Said Court shall be opened at nine o'clock .\. m. of each da\-, except Sunday, and 

shall continue in sessi(jn until the cases before it shall be disposed of, but the Judge of said _?!*!^- 
Court may, at his discretion, continue to an\' subsequent day or davs the hearing of any case 
pending in his Court. 

Sec. 2. All persons tried in said Court who sliall be ac<iuitted of llie offenses 
charged against them shall be at once discharged. 

All persons convicted by said Court shall forthwith pay all fines and costs 
assessed against them, in default whereof they may be committed; Pro'i'ided, That if 
such person shall appeal within three days from the judgment of the Court, they 
shall be released upon entering into bond, with good and sufficient security, in 
double the amount of the fine and costs assessed against them, conditioned to appear 



l>er=,on Acquitted 
tn be Discharged. 




be Commiited. 




Appeal Bonds. 



before the Court to which the catise is appealed, and to abide by and perform the judgment thereof. 

Sf,c. 3. The Recorder shall keep a docket, upon which shall be entered all causes 

-^^^-^ tried in said court; said docket shall show, by appropriate entries thereon, the style of the 
cause, the' nature of the offense, the judgment of the Court, the amount of fines and costs, or by 
committal, or by pardon or remission of the City Judge. The docket shall also show the names of 
the witnesses examined in each case, and the date of the appeal, if granted. 

Sec. 4. All fines and costs shall be a part of the revenue of the City, and 

Paid\oCity. "'^ ^ shall be paid to the City in such manner as may be provided by this Act, or by 

ordinances consistent herewith. 
Duty of Recorder Sfx. k. The Recorder shall return and file with the Clerk of the Appellate 

in Appealed Cases. ^ ^^ 

Court, withm three days, the papers in all cases appealed, and he shall endorse on 

the warrant in each case the names of the witnesses on behalf of the City. 

Sec. 6. All persons arrested for the violation of any ordinance, or for any municipal 

misdemeanor committed within the City limits, or in the property of the City 

outside of its limits, shall be immediately confined in the jail or house of 
detention, and remain therein until discharged or tried by the City Court, unless 
such persons shall give proper security for their appearance before said Court, 
in which event they may be released. The Chief of Police and the officers in 
charge of the jail or house of detention shall have authority to take from persons 
arrested bonds or other security for their appearance before the City Court, but 
no such bond or security shall be for less amount than five dollars, nor more than 
two hundred and fifty dollars. 
Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the Chief of Police to report to the City Court 
every day at nine o'clock a. m. all arrests and committals that may have been made 



Persons Arrested 
be Detained Unl 
Discharged by Cou 



OfBcers take Security . 



of Security. 



Defaulted Bonds. 



diiring the preceding day and night, the names of the accused, the offenses with 
which they are charged, the names of the witnesses in the respective cases, and the bonds or other 
security of those who have been released, if any there be. 

Sec 8. In all cases where the parties accused have been released iipon bonds or other 
security, if they fail to appear, the City Court shall proceed to enter up judgment 
upon said bonds or other security for the full amount of the penalty, and the 
Recorder shall, at the expiration of one day from the rendition of such judgment, issue &. fieri facias 
to the Marshal, who shall execute the same. 

Sec 9. The City Court shall have the authority to preserve order and decorum, 

Contempts!°etc. ^'^^ shall be invested with the same powers to that end, by fine and imprisonment, as 
are incident to Courts of Record in this State. 

Sec. 10. Every person committed, after conviction, to the jail or house of 

to Work. correction, shall be required to work for the City, at such labor as his health and 

strength will permit, within or without said City, not exceeding eight hours each 

Allowance for day; and for such work and labor the person so employed shall be allowed, 

-2Li exclusive of his board, a credit upon his fine and costs, at the rate of seventy-five 

cents per day, until the whole amount is discharged, when he shall be released. 

-^^^!^^!— ^^ °-^ No person shall be compelled to work longer than three months for any one offense. 



ARTICLE XI. 



Section i. There shall be a City Marshal for said city. He shall be elected by the City 

Council biennially at its first regular meeting in June, 1889, or as soon thereafter 

— ^^-^^ as practicable, for the term of two years, and biennially thereafter. He shall receive 

a salarv to be fixed by the Citv Council before his election, which shall not be changed 

Salary. . J . j v'^ 

during his term of office; Provided, lunvever, that the first election shall be held at the 

first regular meeting of the City Council in January, 1888, or as soon thereafter as practicable. 



and the term of the City Marshal then elected shall eontinuc only until the election and 
qualification of a City Marshal to be chosen in June, 1889. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the City Marshal to attend the City Council durin;^- its sittings, 
to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President, to execute the — ^ — 
commands of the Council ivvm time to time, and to execute all process issued by ' 

authority thereof, which shall be directed to him by the President; to attend in person or by 
deputy, the City Court dtiring its sittings, to execute the commands of said court from time to 
time, to aid in the enforcement of order therein, and to perform such other duties as may be 
appropriate to his office under the provisions of law. or that may be imposed upon him by 
ordinances of the Cit\- Council, consistently with this Act. He shall have police . 

Police Powe rs. 

powers (5t arrest. 

ARTICLE XII. 



Skcttox I. All property which is subject to State taxes shall be assessed 
and listed for taxation, alphabetically, for the entire City, without reference to 

wards. The assessment shall be made by the Comptroller and his assistants, 

and the valuation of real and personal property shall be subject to be increased sess. 

or diminished by the Council under regulations to be inade by ordinance. Privileges 



of Tax 



may be licensed and taxed by city ordinances. The Council may provide for ' 

licensing the keeping of dogs and for the destruction of dogs the owner or License and Killing 

keeper whereof shall not comply with regulations prescribed by the Council in °^ ^°^^- 

respect thereto, and for the punishment of persons violating ordinances on the subject. All the 
duties now devolved upon the Recorder in reference to the levy and assessment of taxes shall 
devolve upon and be performed by the Comptroller, (a) 

Sec. 2. Collectors of taxes on property and privileges shall have power to 

issue distress warrants and alias and pluries distress warrants in the name of the May^issue^Distress 

City to enforce collections; the same may be executed by the City Marshal or any _5II55-^: 

Constable or Sheriff. 

ci rpi AT J /^-^ /* -1 1 ^ - 1 1 T Correction and Per- 

Sec. 3. 1 he Mayor and City Council are empowered to provide by ordinance fection of Assess- 
for the correction of erroneous assessments and for any defects in the assessments. ^^ 

Sec. 4. Collectors shall not make sales of realty for unpaid taxes or assessments. Taxes and 

assessments on realty shall be and remain a lien on the property assessed, until the 

same shall be paid. Such lien may, after return of nulla bona on a distress Hov^Coilect'ed'*' ' 
warrant, be enforced as other liens. All unpaid taxes and assessments mav be 
collected by suits in court at law or in ccpiity. The costs of all suits and pn^ceedings for the 
collection of unpaid taxes and assessments, including a reasonable attorney's fee. shall be recovered 
and collected by such suits. 

Sec. 5. No property in territory added to said City l)y this bill shall be 

subject to special taxatitm for water works or sewers until such improvements. TerrTtw-'trom s'^e^ 
respectively, shall be extended to such property; Provided, IwiK'cvcr, that in and sTwer Tax"'^'''^ 
the event of said City issuing bonds for sanitary work, the extension of the water 
and sewer systems and other needed improvements, all property within the Cit}' limits shall be liable 
to be taxed for the payment of the principal and interest of said bonds. No property in territory 
added by this Act to the City of Jacksonville shall be held liable for any indebtedness of the Citv 
of Jacksimville incurred anterior to the aj^proval of this Act. 

ARTICLE XIII. 



Section i. No officer or employee of said City shall retain any fees or costs for an\ 
((7) Section ir. Act of May 31st, iSSc;. 



he may perform, nor shall he receive any compensation other than the salary fixed 
All fees and costs which may be provided by law to be paid, shall be 
received by the officers and employees for and on account of the City, and shall be 
paid to the City Treasurer under such regulations as the City Council may prescribe, and they 

shall make monthly reports thereof to the Comptroller, stating in detail from 

Fees and Costs to whom and on what account such fees and costs were received, and shall accompany 

»mp ro such reports with receipts for the money paid over to the Treasurer. 

Sec. 2. The City Council shall have power to provide for the appointment of 

other Employees'"' such Other employees as may from time to time be necessary for the public service 
of the City, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act. 

Sec. -i. There shall be prepared and published bv the City Council within 

Digest of Ordinances. "^ r r r .J 

one year after the passage of this Act, and once in three years thereafter, a 

digest of all the ordinances and resolutions of a public nature in force. 

. Sec. 4. All ordinances, resolutions and proceedings of the City Council may 

Proved!""^ ' "'^ be proved by the seal of the corporation, attested by the Recorder, and when 
Received in Evi- printed and published by authority of the corporation, the same shall be received in 

■i^^si^ evidence in all courts and places without further proof. 

Sec. 5. This Act shall take effect from and after its passage. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Section i. The Charters of the Cities of Jacksonville, LaVilla and Fairfield, 

AboUshed.'^^'^'*'^^ i^ Duval County, under which said Cities have heretofore been incorporated, are 

hereby abolished. 

Sec. 2. The title, rights and ownership of all property, uncollected taxes, dues, claims, 

judgments, decrees and choses in action held or owned by each of said 

cities shall pass to and are hereby vested in the corporation created by 

"■^^ this Act. 

; Sec. 3. Nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to impair the obligations 

Obligations of Cor- . "^ . *" . , . . ^ *" 

pi.rations Abolished of any existing Contract into which any of said cities has heretofore entered, and 

'■ that the officers of the cities of Jacksonville, LaVilla and Fairfield, whose 

charters were abolished by act approved May 31st, 1887, respectively, shall continue to discharge the 
duties of their respective offices until the officers of the municipal corporation succeeding thereto 

shall have been elected and shall have ciualified; and all city ordinances not 

pOTaHons AboUshed inconsistent with this Act in force in the cities whose chartei's are hereby abolished, 
UntilRepeaieZ"'^'"* shall coutinuc in force and have the effect of laws in each of said cities, 
respectively, until repealed or amended by the succeeding city government, or 
until they expire by their own limitation, (ir) 

An Act supplementary to "An Act to Establish the Municipality of Jacksonville, Provide for 
its Government and prescribe its Jurisdiction and Power;" approved May 31st, 1887, and to extend 
the powers of the (Government thereof. 

****** 

Sec. 2. Said corporation is hereby delegated authority to exercise the right and 

Dmnain'^and Con- power of eminent domain; that is, the right to appropriate private property for 

ceedmgs™ ^™' public usc ; and the following are hereby declared to be public uses: for streets, 

lanes, alleys, and ways; for public parks, squares and grounds; for draining and 

raising in order to promote sanitation and healthf ulness ; for reclaiming and filling 

R?^hT to" a^men? ""> when lands are low and wet, or overflowed altogether at times, and entirely 
Pu^oi^s!""^ ^^'^*'''° or partly; for city buildings, water works, pounds or other corporation purposes; 
for the abatement of any existing nuisances ; for the promotion of proper sanitary 
(a) Section 2, Act of June 2d, 1S87. 



measures ; for the use of water pipes and for sewerage and drainage pui-poses ; and the absolute fee 
simple title to all lands so taken and acquired shall vest in the City, (a) 

Sec. 3. The mode of exercising the right of eminent domain aforesaid shall _ — 

be as follows, to-wit: The Board of Public Works, in the name of the City, shall i<igiu"of ^Eminenf 

cause to be filed in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Duval County °"""''' 

a petition to be addressed to the Judge of said Court, signed and sworn to by the 

Chairman of said Board or the Attorney of the corporation, which shall contain e 1 ion 
a description and designate the location of the land sought to be appropriated, and state for what 
purpose and for what reasons such land should be acquired, that it is expedient, or desirable, or 
is necessary for some one of the uses above set forth that the City should acquire such land, that the 
City has made a survey and map thereof by which the boundaries are designated, and that it intends 
in good faith the appropriation to be made for the purpose named, that in case it has been prevented 
or finds it impracticable to survey and plat the land, such facts recited in the petition will relieve 
the corporation of that necessity; said petition shall also state the name or names of the party or 

parties in possession of such land, and the names of those who own or claim to own the 

same, provided said owners or claimants are known to petitioner, and if any such persons -^-^" " "- 
are infants, their ages, as near as may be, must be stated; or if idots, or of unsound mind, or 
unknown, such fact must be stated, and where known the place of residence of owner or owners. 

Sec. 4. On the presentation of such petition to the Judge of the Circuit Court, 

aforesaid, he shall appoint some disinterested resident freeholder to be the guardian of '"^"^ 
each of such infants, idiots or persons of unsound mind, for the purposes of such proceedings, 
and thereupon shall make an order directed to the Sheriff or other officer qualified 



a jury, to meet at a time and place to be named in such order not more than seven 
days from the day of the service of said order, to proceed to organize and take steps to appraise and 
determine the damage the owner or owners will sustain in consequence of said appropriation, 
on their oaths well and traly so to do, to be administered by any officer authorized to administer 
oaths, and to fix the amount of compensation to be made to the several owner or owners of 
such land by said corporation. 

Sec. 5. Said jury shall, at their first meeting, cause nr provide for notice to 

be given to the owner or owners of such lands and to persons having liens thereon o£"^MJeting to Con- 

of the time when and place where they will meet to consider the amount of damage '^-^ — ^^ 

the owner or owners will sustain and the compensation therefor to which such owner or owners 
shall be entitled, which notice shall be served at least ten days before the time of such meeting 
personally, on such owner or owners or on his or their authorized agent or attorney, and upon the 
guardian of such infant or person of unsound mind, or by leaving the same or a copy thereof at his 
or her residence or place of business with a person over the age of fifteen years; if any such owner 
or part owner of said land or lenior is a non-resident of the County of Duval, or his residence is 
unknown, and he has no authorized agent or attorney in the county known to said petitioner, such 
notice shall be published for four consecutive weeks, at least once in each week, 

, ,. - , . ,, . -, ^., ... , . . ^ . Publication of Notice. 

m a newspaper published m the said City; it any such owner be an infant, insane 

or )io/i compos mentis, service of such notice shall be made upon such person or upon his or lier 
guardian, and in such manner as the Judge may direct; the said jury shall file with their report 
proof of the service of such notice in compliance with the above or a certificate of the appearance of 
such owner or owners or guardian before them, either personally or by agent ox attorney, and if any 
such owner or guardian or lienor, after due notice, shall fail to ajipear either personally or by agent 
or attorney, the same must also be stated in the report of said jury: but it shall not l)e necessary 
to serve or publish notice of any subsequent meeting held pursuant to adjournment. 

The jury shall view the land described in the petition, hear the allegations 

, r c .\ • 1 1 11 • . • 11. • 1 ' i /• Jury Sliall View the 

and proof of the parties, and shall appraise, ascertain and determine the value of land and Make Ap- 
tract or parcel of land proposed to be taken, with the value of the improvements £12155.^ 

(a) Act of May 31st, iSSg. 

33 



thereon, and each separate estate therein, and the damage that will be sustained by the owner or 

owners by reason of the taking thereof, and they shall fix the amount of the 

t^rmin'l^M^t'ers^^' Compensation to be made to each of the owners thereof. A majority of the jury 

may determine all matters before them. 
The said jury shall, within ten days after viewing the land mentioned in the petition, 

file in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Duval County a report of 



eport to — i_e_^ thcir proceedings concerning such land, setting forth their verdict as to the 
amount of compensation awarded by them to the owner of each tract or parcel of land. They 

shall be entitled for their services to such compensation as the Jtidge ma}' 

Jurors"'*''*'''" °^ direct, which, together with all other expenses of the proceedings, shall be 
paid by the corporation. 
Sec. 6. When such report has been filed as prescribed in foregoing section, cither or any 

party t(.) the proceedings may, within ten days after the date of the filing of such 

FiieT' ^^""^ ^^ report, file with the Clerk of said Court, his or their written protest against the 

confirmation of such report, setting forth the reasons why the same should not be 

confirmed, and it shall be the duty of the said Judge to hear the parties and their 



^"01^*31.'° '^'^'^"^^ witnesses, and determine the matter at as early a day as practicable. Should the 
protesting party on such hearing show good cause why such report should not be 

confirmed, the Judge shall refuse to confirm the same, and he shall order and 

profe.'^''^^'^*'^" cause to be taken such further proceedings in the matter, not inconsistent with this 

Act as in his judgment, right and justice demand. Should said Judge on such 

hearing determine that no sufficient cause had been shown why said report should not be 

confirmed, or should no protest be filed, as hereinbefore provided, within ten days 

RepOT™^*^'™ °^ ^'''^""' ^^^^ '^^^^'^ "f filing such repcirt, the said Judge shall make an order confirming 
such report, and on payment to tlic owner or owners of the land by said corporation 
of the amount awarded to him or them by the jury as damages sustained in consequence of such 
appropriation, or on payment thereof to the Clerk of such Court, subject to the order of 
the owner or owners, the order confirming the verdict of said jtiry shall be entered of record 

on the Chancery Order Book of said Court, and it shall thereupon become a 

City on° Payment judgment and decree of the Court, and the fee simple title to the lands therein 
of Award. described shall vest absolutely in said corporation. 

Sec. 7. At any time after the entry of the order confirming the verdict of the jury in the 

Chancery Order Book as prescribed in the foregoing sectitm, the said corporation. 

Writ o Assistance. ^^ ^^^ proof of the Same, may obtain a writ of assistance from said Court under 
the order of said Judge to put such corporation in possession of the land condemned to its 
use as aforesaid. 

Sec. 8. The said Judge (jf the Circuit Court shall have power at any time to amend any 

defect or informality in the proceedings authorized by this Act that may require 

An'v Time°'^ "' amendments, to cause new parties to be added, and to direct further notices to be 
given to any party in interest, as he may deem proper, and he may also appoint 
new jtirors possessed of the qualifications mentioned in this Act, in place of any who shall die, refuse 
or neglect to serve, or be incapable of serving. 
Sec. 9. Should the finding of any jury be set aside in whole or in part, the 



the discretion of the Court, a new jury may be summoned and sworn, who shall 
proceed in like manner as such first jury were required to proceed. 

Sec. 10. The provisions of this Act apply when such land is owned by a 

or^f o'rporations. '^ Corporation the same as when owned by individuals. Said City may lease or 
purchase land for public use whenever it is deemed expedient and for the 

May Purchase or , .■ -, 

Lease. public good. 

34 



Pro 
pal, 


tils' 


)nal 


Munici- 




Re 


peal 


ing 


Clause. 



CHAPTER 3605. 

LAWS OF FLORIDA. 

Section i. Special Water and Fire Tax of Five Mills on State Valuation Allowed. 
Section 2. Power Extended to Provisional Municipalities. 
Section 3. Repealing Clause. 

An Act to Provide for the I^evying of a Tax by Cities and Towns for Water Works. and Fire Protection. 
riic People of the State of Florida, represented in Senate and As.unddy, do enaet as folloios : 

Section i. That all incorporated cities and towns in the State of Florida be, 

and they are hereby empowered to levy and collect a special tax annually for water wlfer' and'^Fire'' 

works and fire protection upon all property within the corporate limits of any such rol^^t'on- 

city or town; Provided, that it shall require a two-thirds vote of the City or Town Council 

to levy said tax, and that thirty days' notice of the intention to levy said 

tax shall be given by publication in some newspaper published in said town Meftod and Limit 
once in each week. 

Provided, further, that said tax shall not exceed five mills on the State valuation of the 
property within such corporation. 

Sec. 2. That the provisions of this Act shall extend to and are conferred 
upon Provisirjiial Municipalities, and in such cases the powers by this Act, vested 
in the City or Town Council, shall be exercised by the Board of Commissioners 
of stich Provisional Municipalities. 

Sec. 3. All laws and parts of laws in conflict herewith be and the same 
are hereby repealed. 

Approved February i6th, 1S85. 



In accordance with a provision of Section 3 of Article IV (if the Act of May 31st, 1S87, as 
amended by Act of June 2d, 1887, the Cotnmissioners therein named, im the 23d day of June, 1S87, 
divided the territory of the City of Jacksonville into nine Wards, with botmdaries as follows: 

The streets, other highways and boundaries used in the follow^ing descriptions being the same 
as shown by LcBaron's map of the City of Jacksonville, made in 1885. 

Ward Xo. i. — Beginning at a point on the south side of the channel of the St. Johns River, 

where the section line between sections one and twelve, township two south of range 

twenty-six east, prolonged eastwardly will intersect the channel of said river, and running — ^'' 
from said point on the St. Johns River west, passing on the lines between said sections six and 
seven in township two south of range twenty-seven east, and between sections one and twelve in 
township two south, range twenty-six east, to the nortli-east corner of said section tw-elve; thence 
south on the line between sections eleveit and twelve to the intersection of the same with Hogan's 
Creek; thence down the said creek to the centre of First Street in Springfield; thence eastwardly 
along the centre of said First .Street to the Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad; thence north 
along the said Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad to the south-west corner of section seven, 
township two south, range twenty-seven east; thence east along the south line of said section 
seven, and of the Barton Donation to the channel of the St. Johns i<i\-er; thence down the said 
river to the place of beginning. 

Ward Xo. 2. —Beginning at a point on the St. Jolins River wliere the south line of the Barton 
Donation intersects the same, and running thence west on the south line of said Barton - - 

Donation and the south line of section seven, township two south, range twenty-seven l5?5»><j 
east, to the centre of the Fernandina and Jacksonville Railway; thence southwardly along the 
•centre line of said railway at the centre of Maggie Street in East Jacksonville; thence eastwardly 



along the centre of said Maggie Street to the centre of Brough Street in East Jacksonville; thence 
southwardly along the centre of said Brough Street, and the production of the same to the south 
side of the channel of the St. Johns River; thence down the channel of said river to the point 
of beginning. 

Ward No. 3. — Beginning at a puint on the south side of channel of the St. Johns River, at 

the centre of the intersection of Market Street ; and thence northwardly along the centre of 

^^^^' said Market Street and of Helen Street in Springfield to the centre of First Street in 
Springfield; thence eastwardly along the centre of said First Street to the centre of the Fernandina 
and Jacksonville Railway; thence soiithwardly along the centre line of the aforesaid railway to the 
centre of Maggie Street in East Jacksonville; thence eastwardly along the centre of said Maggie 
Street to the centre of Brough vStreet in East Jacksonville; thence southwardly along the centre of 
said Brough Street to the intersection thereof, to the south side of the channel of the vSt. Johns 
River; thence up the said River to the point of beginning. 

Ward No. 4. — Beginning at a point where the centre of Laura Street in Jacksonville intersects 

the south side of the channel of the St. Johns River, running thence northwardly along 

-^^^^^^' the centre of Laura Street to the centre of Hogan's Creek; thence up the said creek to the 
centre of First Street in Springfield ; thence eastwardly along the centre of said First Street to the 
centre of Helen Street in Springfield ; thence southwardly along the centre of said Helen vStreet and 
of Market Street to the south side of the channel of the St. Johns River; thence up the channel of 
said river to the point of beginning. 

Ward No. 5. — Beginning at a point on the south side of the channel of the St. Johns River, 

where the centre of Cedar Street in Jacksonville prolonged southwardly intersects the same, 

— ^^ and running thence northwardly along the centre of said Cedar Sti'eet to its intersection 
with Hogan's Creek; thence down the said Hogan's Creek to its intersection with Laura vStreet; 
thence southwardly along the centre of Laura Street to the south side of the channel of the St. 
Johns River; thence up the channel of said river to the place of beginning. 

Ward No. 6. — Beginning at the north-east corner of section eleven, township two south, 

range twenty-six east; thence south on the east line of said section eleven to its intersection 

?"^ with Hogan's Creek; thence down said creek to the intersection of the prolongation 
northwardly of the centre of Cedar Street, in Jacksonville; thence southwardly along the centre of 
said Cedar .Street to the centre of LTnion Street ; thence westwardly along the centre of said L^nion 
Street to the centre of Hawk Street; thence southwardly along the centre of said Hawk Street to 
Beaver Street; thence westwardly along the centre of said Beaver Street, and the extension thereof 
through the ]^IcIntosh and Burbridge's addition to LaVilla, to the centre of Division Lane in 
LaVilla; thence northwardly along the centre of said Division Lane to the King's Road; thence 
northwardly along the centre of said King's Road to the north and south half-section line of section 
ten, township two south, range twenty-six east; thence north along the said half-section line to the 
north half-mile post on the north line of said section ten; thence east along the north line of said 
sections ten and eleven to the place of beginning. 

Ward No. 7. — Beginning at a point on south side of channel of the St. Johns River, where 

the centre of Cedar Street prolonged southwardly would intersect the channel of said river; 

^'^" thence northwardly along the centre of said Cedar Street to the centre of Union Street ; 

thence westwardly along the centre of said LTnion Street to the centre of Hawk Street; thence 
southwardly along the centre of said Hawk Street to the centre of Beaver Street ; thence westwardly 
along the centre of said Beaver Street and the prolongation thereof through the Mcintosh and 
Burbridge's additions to LaVilla, to the centre of Division Lane; thence southwardly along the 
centre of said Division Lane to the centre of Adams Street; thence eastwardly along the centre of 
said Adams Street to the centre of Hawk Street ; thence southwardly along the centre of Hawk 
Street to the centre of McCoy's Creek ; thence down the said McCoy's Creek to the south side of the 
channel of the St. Johns River to the point of beginning. 



Warii Xo. S. — Beginniny at the centre of the intersection of the centre of Adams Street and 

the centre of Hawk Street, in La\'illa; thence southwardly along the centre of said Hawk 

Street to the centre of McCoy's Creek; thence up and along the centre of said McCoy's ^^^^'^• 
Creek to where it would be intersected by the centre line of the prolongation of Magnolia Street in 
Brooklyn, and extended northwardly, and thence south-westwardly along the centre of said ]Magnolia 
Street to the centre of Division Street in Brooklyn; thence westwardly along the centre of said 
Division Street to the centre of Palm Street in Brooklyn ; thence southwardly along the centre of said 
Palm Street to the centre of Highway Street, lower Black Creek Road to Middleburg Road ; thence 
westwardly along the centre of said Highway Street or Middleburg Road to west line of section 
fifteen, township two south, range twenty-six east; thence north along the said west line of section 
fifteen and a prolongation thereof to the half-section stake on the west line of section ten, township 
two south, range twenty-six east; thence east along the east and west half-secti(in line of said section 
ten to the north and south half-section line of said section ten; thence north along the said half- 
section line to the centre of the King's Road; thence south-eastwardly along the centre of the 
King's Road to the intersection of the centre of Division Lane in LaVilla ; thence southwardly along 
the centre of said Division Lane to the centre of Adams Street ; thence along the centre of Adams 
Street eastwardly to the point of beginning, being the centre of Hawk street. 

Ward Xo. 9. — Beginning at a point on the channel of the St. Johns River at the mouth of 

McCoy's Creek; thence up the centre of said McCoy's Creek to wliere the centre nf Magnolia 

Street in Brooklyn prolonged northwardly would intersect the centre of said ;\lcC(jy's Creek; ^-}Bl^ 
thence south-westwardly along the centre of said Magnolia Street to the centre of Division Street in 
Brooklyn; thence north-westwardly along the centre of said Divi.sion Street to the centre of Palm 
Street; thence south-westwardly along the centre of said Palm Street to the centre of Highwav 
Street, lower Black Creek Road or ^kliddleburg Road; thence westwardly alnng the centre of said 
Highway Street or Middleburg mad, to the west line of section fifteen, township two south, range 
twenty-six east ; thence south along the west line of sections fifteen and twenty-two, township two 
south, range twenty-six east, and the prolongation of the said section line to the south side of 
the channel of the St. Johns River; thence down the channel of said St. Johns River to the 
place of beginning. 

AMEXDMEXTS TO THE CHARTER, 

AX ACT to fix the Number and Provide for the Election of the Municipal Otificcrs of the City of Jacksonville, a 
Municipal Corporation existing in Duval County, Florida, and to Prescribe their Terms of ( )ftice and Regulate 
their Compensation. 

y>V // enacted by the Lei^islature of the State of I'lorida : 

Section 1, That the Municipal Officers of the City of Jacksonville shall he a Mayor, a City 
Council, composed of one member for each ward in said City, and seven members at large; a Board 
of Public Works, composed of three members; a Board of Police Commissioners, composed of three 
meinbers; a Comptroller, a Treasurer, a Recorder, a Judge of the Municipal Court, a Marshal, and 
such other officers as may be prov'ided bv ordinance. 

Skc. 2. That the Mayor, seven Councilmen at Large, Comptroller and Treasurer, shall be 
elected by the quaUficd electors of the City at large; the Ward Councilmen, one from each ward, 
shall be elected by the qualified electors of their respective wards. The memlK-rs of tlie Board of 
Public Works, Police t'ommissioners. Judge of the Municipal Court, Recorder, and .ill other ot'iicers 
of said City, shall be elected uixm a vroa voee vote by the votes of ;i majority of the iiicmhcrs of the 
City Council. Ali City Officers sliall hold office for the term of two years, and until llieir successors 
are elected, unless sooner removed from office, for cause, by tlic vote of two-thirds of all the 
members of the City Council. The terms of all officers elected by the electors shall begin at noon 
of the third day after the day of election, and the terms of all officers elected by the City Council 
.shall begin at noon of the first day after the organization of each newly elected City Council. The 



terms of all City Officers heretofore appninted or elected shall terminate upon the election of their 
successors in the manner herein pmvided. 

Sk.c. .5. Those persons who, at the time of the holding of any City election, are residents of 
the City, who, at the time of the general State election held next preceding, were qualified electors 
of any of the election districts within said City, shall constitute the qualified electors of said City 
authorized to vote at such City election. Each such elector shall vote only in the election district 
wherein he was, at the time nf sucli State election, a qualified voter: Provided, /unvcver, that prior 
to the holding of the first City eleclinn, as provided herein, there shall be given to each person who 
w-as entitled to qualify himself as an elector at the last State election by registration and the payment 
of his poll tax for the years 1890 and 1S91 and failed to do so, an opportunity to qualify by 
registering and himself paying his own poll taxes for such years, more than two weeks before said 
first City election, and the Tax Collector for Duval County shall keep his office open to receive poll 
taxes from 9 a. m. to i p. 11., and from 2 p. m. to 6 p. .m. each day, from June 1, 1893, until the time 
for payment of poll taxes for the purpose of said election shall have passed. The payment of poll 
taxes shall be a prerequisite to voting in City elections so long as it is a prerequisite to voting in 
State elections, and no longer. 

Sec. 4. A general City electitm for the election of all officei-s elected by the electors shall be 
held on Tuesday, July iSth, 1S93, and biennially thereafter on the fourth Tuesday in May. 

Sec. 5. A. B. Campbell, W. McL. Dancy and William H. Baker are hereby constituted a 
Board of Election Commissioners, to make all the necessary preparations for, and hold and 
declare the result of the election to be held July i8th, 1893, and thereafter the Board of Police 
Commissioners shall perform those drities. Two members shall constitute a quorum for all purposes. 
The Election Commissioners shall, on or before the 3d day of July, 1893, after notification by one 
member of the other two of the time and place of meeting, meet and organize by the election of a 
Chairman and Secretary of said Board, and provide for the registration of persons who were 
qualified to register in time for the last general State election, but did not register, which 
registration shall be under the supervision of the Commissioners, and siibject to their revision. 
Thereafter the Chairman shall have the right to call a meeting, upon notifying the other members 
then in the City of the time and place for such meeting. In case of failure of either Commissioner 
to act, or in case of a vacancy, the remaining members shall fill the vacancy. Said Board shall have 
full and free access to the County registration books, tally sheets and poll lists used at the last 
general State election, and all other papers in the office or custody of the County Supervisor of 
registration, and also in the office of the Tax Collector of Duval County, with the authority to make 
or have made copies thereof. They shall prepare a list of the electors qualified to vote in each of 
the City Wards at the last general State election, which list shall constitute the qualified electors to 
vote at said City election, except that the said Commissioners shall add to or strike from said lists 
the names of such persons as may, as herein provided, appear improperly placed upon or left off 
said lists, or by reason of subsequent qualification entitled to be added thereto. They shall procure 
the publication of said lists of qualified voters as made out by them (but only the names being- 
published) in a newspaper one time, with a notice of a time, not more than two weeks before said 
election, and the place they will meet to revise said list. Such notice shall be published at least two 
days before such meeting. Said Board shall then meet, and, from the best information obtainable, 
revise said lists so as to contain all and only the names of persons at that time residents of said City, 
and who were, at the time of the last general election, qualified electors of the election district in 
said City, or who have since that time registered and themselves paid their own poll taxes due for 
the years 1890 and 1891. vSaid lists so revised shall constitute the list of qualified voters for the 
several wards at said City election. After said election, July iSth, 1893, no person shall be an 
elector of said City whose name does not, at the time, appear upon the County registration lists. 
The Commissioners of Election shall provide a polling place, and all necessary arrangements for 
the holding of said election, at or near the polling places heretofore designated for the holding of 
State elections in each ward. They shall cause the voting places to be suitably provided with a 
sufficient number of voting shelves, or table, at or on which voters may conveniently mark their 

38 



ballots. Each compartment, table or shelf shall be so arranged that it shall be impossible for one 
voter at one table or in one compartment to see another voter at another table or compartment in 
the act of marking his ballot. The arrangements shall be such that neither the ballot boxes nor the 
voting shelves or compartments shall be hidden from the view of the judges of election, or those 
just outside a guard rail, which may run in front of the ballot box. The number of voting shelves, 
tables or compartments, shall not be less than three fur every one hundred voters (|ualified to vote 
at such polling places. No person other than the election officers, watchers and voters admitted, as 
herein provided, shall be permitted within said rail or room where the election is held, except by 
authority of the officer holding the election, for the purpose of keeping order and enforcing the law, 
and no more electors shall be admitted at any one time than there are compartments for marking 
ballots. Each voting shelf or compartment shall be kept provided with proper supplies and 
conveniences for marking ballots. They shall appoint, to hold said election, three Inspectors and a 
Clerk for each ward, one Inspector from among the supporters of each full ticket put in nomination 
for election at any City election, and if the Chairman of the Committee representing any full ticket 
so put in nomination shall, not less than six days before election, nominate in writing to the 
Commissioners, for Inspector, an elector of each ward, supporters of the ticket he represents, men 
of high standing for integrity in the community, the Commissioners shall appoint such electors as 
Inspectors. In case of absence or failure of any Inspector to act, then the electors present favoring 
the ticket which he represented, shall choose a substitute. Said Inspectors and Clerks shall take the 
same oaths, and have the same powers and duties, as Inspectors and Clerks appointed to hold State 
elections. The polls shall be opened at cS o'clock a. m. and close at 6.30 i>. m., with an intermission 
of half an hour between 12 and i o'chjck. 

Sec. 6. At said election no balhjt shall be voted, or counted if voted, except official ballots 
prepared and printed by the Election Commissioners, and no ballot so marked or written upon as to 
enable the same to be identified thereafter shall be counted. Official ballots .shall be printed on 
white paper of good quality and sufficient thickness not to show through, when folded, the printing 
thereon, and all such ballots shall be of the same size. All ballots for use at a ward shall be printed 
from the same form and be exact copies. A separate ballot shall be printed for each ward, and on 

the back of each ballot shall be printed the following words: "Official ballot for (giving 

number of ward) Ward, Jacksonville, Florida, City Election, Tuesday, (giving date of election)," 

followed by a fac simile of the signature of the Chairman of the Board of Election Commissioners, 
and his official title printed or stamped thereon. Upon said ballot shall be printed in plain type, all 
in the same kind of type, in a single column, the names of all candidates who have been certified to 
the Election Commissioners imder oath as put in nomination by any convention, mass meeting or 
primary election at least ten days before said election, or have announced their independent 
candidacy and filed with said Commissioners, more than seven days before such election, a petition 
signed by ten per cent, and not less than twenty-fi\-e of the electors (juaHfied to vote for such ofticer, 
rec^uesting the printing on the official ballot of the names of such independent candidates. At the 
written recjuest of any person so nominated, or upon the death of any candidate, the name of such 
candidate shall not be printed on such ticket. In the event of the death or resignation of any 
candidate nominated with a full ticket, the committee representing such ticket may substitute 
another name. The names of all candidates for the same office so nominated shall be printed 
together and arranged alphabetically according to the initials of their surnames, irrespective of 
party. Immediately to the left of each name, on a line with the middle of the letters of the name, 
shall be printed a dash or short line not less than one-quarter of an inch in length. On said ballots 
shall be printed, first, under the head "Mayor," the words " \'ote for One," followed by the names 
of all the candidates for that offiice; next, under tlie head "C'ouncibnen al Large," the words "\'<.te 
for Seven," followed by the names of all the candidates for that ofiiee: next, under the head of 

"Councilman for the (giving number of ward) Ward," the words " Vote for One," followed by 

the names of all the candidates for that office; next, under the head "Comptroller," the words 
"Vote for One," followed by the names of all. the candidates for that office; next, under the head 
"'Treasurer," the words "Vote for ( )ne," followed bv tlic names of all the candidates for that office; 



no more than ont.- Councilman at Large shall be elected from the same ward. On all official ballots, 
after the name of each candidate for Conncilman at Large, on the same line with the name, shall 

be printed the number of the ward in which the candidate resides, thus: " (giving name) 

of (giving number) Ward." The seven candidates for the office, including only the one 

leading candidate from any ward, receiving the highest number of votes in the whole City, shall 
be deemed and declared elected Councilman at Large. Each ballot shall have attached to it a 
stub so attached to the ballot that when the ballot is folded the stub can be detached therefrom 
without injury to the ballot or exposing the contents thereof, upon which stub shall be printed 

the number of the ballot for that ward thus: " (giving number of ward) Ward Ballot 

No. " (giving number of ballot), said ballot being numbered for each ward consecutively from 

one to the full number of bpllots printed for that ward, no two ballots for the same ward having the 
same number, and ballots for use in each ward shall be attached together in convenient numbers in 
books or blocks in such manner that each ballot may be detached and removed separately. 

At least four tickets shall be printed for each qualified elector in each Ward, one-half of which 
shall be retained by the Chairman of the Board of Election Commissioners to be used only in case of 
loss, destruction or failure of the supply first furnished to the Inspectors of Elections, and the other half 
shall be furnished the afternoon before the day of election, put up in .sealed packages with the lists 
of electMrs, blank oaths and all other blanks necessary ti> be used at the election, endorsed so as 
to show the contents of said packag-es, including the exact number of official ballots therein, to 
one Inspector of each ward who shall be sworn to present the package under seal, to the polling place 
at the time for opening the election, which seal shall not be br(jken until at the polling place the day 
of election, and then in the presence of the inspectors and clerks. There shall be enclosed with said 
ballots not less than five printed copies of the list of qualified electors of the ward, which list shall be 
made on the same form as the cotmty registration books, to show the number of regi.stration 
certificates, age, color, etc., each copy certified by the Chairman of the Board of Election 
Commissioners. Such certified lists shall be prepared and open to inspection at least five days 
before such election, and subject t" correction of clerical errors by the Board of Commissioners of 
Election. Each full ticket in nomination shall be entitled to one watcher, to remain within the 
polling place and observe the election as it goes on, and challenge voters who are not entitled to vote, 
and the watchers may remain until the votes are counted and the result announced. There shall be 
one police officer stationed near the entrance to each polling place with the same powers and duties 
as a Deputy Sheriff at a State election, and under the same control of the Inspectors of Election. 
L'pon entering the polling place the elector shall give his namti, and if challenged, shall make oath 
before an Inspector that he is a resident of the City of Jacksonville and entitled to vote at said 
election. If his name appears upon the list of electors for the ward (and, if required, to take such 
oath) he shall be permitted to vote, but no person whose name does not appear shall be permitted to 
vote. If a qualified elector, his name shall be written upon the poll list, and he shall receive an 
official ballot, the number of which shall also be noted on the poll list opposite the name, and 
he shall go to one of the voting shelves, tables or compartments, and there privately cross or check 
mark across the dash or short line in front of the name of the candidate of his choice for each office 
to be filled, which cross or check shall constitute his vote. Any elector known to be blind or 
physically incapable of making marks on the ballot may select one of the Inspectors to mark his 
ballot for the candidates named by such elector, but the Inspector shall not in any way seek to 
inrtuence such elector as to the candidates to be voted for. No vote shall be counted for any office 
when more names are checked for such office than there are such officers to be elected ; but an error 
in checking shall effect only such office. As soon as the elector has checked the names he desires to 
vote for, he shall, while at the voting shelf, table or compartment, privately fold his ballot so as to 
conceal the names of all candidates thereon and leave the stub, and also the printed endorsement on 
the back of the ballot, open to view, and deliver the ballot to an Inspector, who shall see, by 
comparing the number on the stub with the poll list, that the ballot is the same as given 
to him, tear off and destroy the stub and deposit the ballot in the box. The elector shall 
mark and deliver his ballot without undue delay, and no elector shall be allowed to occupy 



a voting shelf, table or compartment longer than live minutes after reeei\-ing his ballot, but at 
the end of live minutes from receiving his balhit he shall, whether voted or not, leave the polling- 
place for the day. Any person ruining one ballot by mistake in marking may return such ballot 
folded so as not to show the marks made thereon (which ruined ballot shall be immediately, in his 
presence, destroyed by the Inspectors), and receive another ballot therefor; but no elector shall 
receive more than three ballots or remain in the polling place over five minutes after receiving 
his first ballot. The Inspectors shall keep a record of the number of ballots thus destroyed and 
certify the same on their returns, together with a certificate of the number of ballots received, the 
number voted and the number returned unvoted, so as to account for every olificial ballot received by 
them. At the close of the election the Inspectors shall count the ballots as indicated by the cross or 
check marks opposite each name, and make otit and sign under oath three copies of a certified 
return of the result of the election in each ward upon a form furnished by the Commissioners, one of 
which copies, with the oaths, ballots voted, unvoted ballots, lists of electors, poll lists, and all other 
papers used in the election shall be, the night of election, delivered under seal by one Inspector to 
the Chairman of the Board of Election Commissioners ; the other two copies of said returns shall be, 
by the other two Inspectors, as soon as practicable, filed w'ith the City Recorder and Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, one by each of the two Inspectors. The Inspectors shall also, at the completion of 
said returns, publicly announce the result of the vote in the ward for each office. 

Sec. 7. The day after such election the Commisioners of Election shall meet and compile the 
entire vote of the City from the returns filed with them and announce the result and issue certificates 
of election to the candidates receiving the highest number of votes for each office, which certificate 
shall be the commission of the officer elected. In case of a failure to elect by reason of a tie vote, 
the City Council shall choose between those receiving the tie vote. The City Council shall fill all 
vacancies in all City offices occurring between elections. After the compilation of the returns and the 
issuing of certificates of election to the candidates elected, the Commissioners of Election shall 
destroy all the unvoted official ballots, and shall string the voted ballots so returned and carefully 
preserve them for the space of thirty days after the election. 

Sec. 8. In all City elections held subsequent to the i8th of July, 1S93, the Board of Police 
Commissioners shall perform all the duties imposed upon the Board of Commissioners of Elections 
for the election on Jtily i8th, 1893, and the City Council ntay, by ordinance, provide such additional 
safeguards as experience may show necessary to the complete secrecy, fairness and honesty of City 
election, and shall provide for the submitting of (|uestions necessary to be submitted to electors, and 
for such special elections as may be necessary. 

Sec. 9. All expenses necessarily incurred in connection with the holding of the first election 
shall be audited by the Chairman of the Board of Election Commissioners, and then paid by the City 
Treasurer; but thereafter such expenditures shall be paid by City ordinance. 

Sec. 10. No person shall approach within fifty feet of any polling place, excepting electors 
approaching to vote and persons passing along the highways on their business; and no person shall 
speak to another, excepting the election officers, upon the subject of the election, within fifty feet 
of the polling place, and no elector shall speak to, or consent to be spoken to by any other than an 
election officer or watcher, and then only in pursuance of official duty, while in a polling place. 

Sec. II. The compensation of all officers shall be fixed by City ordinance; but no ordinance 
changing salary shall affect the salary of any officer then holding office, or who shall qualify within 
ninety days after such ordinance goes into effect. 

Sec. 12. Whoever shall be guilty of violating any of the pro\-isions of this Act relating to the 
holding of elections, or shall violate any duty placed upon him in connection with the holding of 
such election, or shall mark any ballot voted so that the same can be identified as the ballot cast by 
a certain person, or shall have in his possession any official ballot outside the polling place during an 
election, or shall print or stamp upon any imitation of an official ballot the name of the Chairman of 
the Board of Election Commissioners, or shall permit another to see for w-hom he has marked or 
checked his ballot, or shall willfully observe for whom another has marked or checked his ballot, or 
shall willfully hinder or delay an elector in voting, or shall make, or use, or have in his possession, any 



card, die or other device, arranged or prepared so as to enable a voter thereby to mark or check a ballot 
without at the time knowing the name of the candidate voted for, or shall have in the voting place 
any imitation of a ballot so marked as to indicate the names of candidates he desires to vote for, or 
shall in any way violate the secrecy of a ballot, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon 
conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in 
the County jail not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 

Sec. 13. All laws ami ])arts of laws, in so far as they conflict with this Act, are hereby repealed. 

Sec. 14. This Act shall not be taken as interfering with or invalidating the City government 
of the City of Jacksonville, as it now exists, until the election and qualification of its successors, as 
hereinbefore provided. 

Sec. 15. The number, powers and duties and terms of office of all the City Boards and City 
Officers, excepting only the powers and duties of the City Council, may be amended and changed, 
and the City boundaries or limits may be changed and contracted (but shall not be so changed as to 
take in any new territory not now within the City limits), at any time, by an ordinance first passed 
by the affirmative vote of not less than three-fifths of all the members of the City Council, approved 
by the Mayor (or passed over his veto), and subsequently approved by the affirmative vote of a 
majority of the votes cast bv the qualified electors of the City at an election. 

Sec. 16. This Act shall take effect from and after its passage. 

Approved May 16th, 1S93. 

CH.-VPTER 4239. [No. 125.] 
AN ACT to Authorize the Municipality of Jacksonville to Issue Bonds and Provide for the Payment Thereof. 
Pn- it iiiactcd by the Legislature of the State of Florida : 

Sec I lox I. The Mayor and City Council of the City of Jacksonville, in their corporate capacity, 
are hereby authorized to issue, from time to time, b;)nds of said Cit\- of such denominations, bearing 
such rate of interest, becoming due in such time and upon such conditions as may by ordinance be 
determined, to an amount not exceeding ten per cent, of the assessed value of the real estate within 
said City as the same shall appear upon the City assessment roll, which bonds shall be used for the 
refunding of bonded indebtedness of the City now outstanding (after which the water works now 
covered by the bond indebtedness shall become the property of the City), and for such other 
municipal purposes as maybe provided by ordinance, and for the payment of which bonds and the 
interest thereon the entire taxable property in said City shall be thereby pledged; Provided, that 
before the issue of said bonds shall be made the issuance of the bonds then proposed to be issued 
shall be provided for by 01-dinances, expressing in general terms the purposes for which such issue 
of bonds are to be used, and subsequently approved by a majority of the votes cast bv the qualified 
electors of said City, who were qualified to vote at the City general election held next preceding 
such election (or if said question of issuing bonds be submitted, to be voted upon at any general 
City election then, by a majority of the votes cast by the qualified electors entitled to vote at said 
City election), at an election held for that purpose, at a time and in a manner to be prescribed by 
the City by ordinance, or at a general City election. The c^uestion of the issuance of the said bonds, 
or any part thereof, may be submitted, from time to time, except that the amount of said bonds 
shall at no time exceed ten per cent, of the assessed value of the real estate within said City as 
the same shall appear upon the City tax assessment roll. The water works system of the City of 
Jacksonville, and such other public property as may be designated by ordinance, may be specially 
pledged as security for the payment of said bonds. The Mayor and City Council shall levy annually 
such special tax on the taxable property within the corporate limits of said City as may be necessary 
to pay the interest on said bonds and provide a sinking fund for the payment of said bonds, and, by 
ordinance, require of the disbursing agents handling the moneys hereby provided for such bonds for 
the faithful performance of their duties as they may determine. 

Approved May 30th. 1893. 

42 



AN ACT Supplementary to An Act entitled "An Act to Establish the Municipality of Jacksonville, Provide for its 
Government and Prescribe its Jurisdiction and Powers," Approved May 31st, 1SS7, and to Extend the Powers 
of the Government of said Municipality. 

Jh' it cuaclcil by ///,■ r.c\i;is/<itiirc of the State of I-lorida : 

Sf.ctiox I. All property wliicli is subject to State taxes shall be assessed and listed 
alphabetically for the entire City, in the name of the owner, whenever the name of such owner 
is known to the assessing- officer, or when the property has been returned as herein provided. 
Property, the owners of which arc unknown and have failed to return as herein provided, shall be 
assessed and listed according to lots and blocks of the several tracts or plats of land within the Citv. 
All property shall be assessed as of the first day ni January of the year for which such assessment is 
made. Privileges may be licensed and taxed, and the amounts of such taxes shall be fixed by Cit)^ 
ordinance. The Council may provide for licensing and keeping of dogs, and for the destruction of 
dogs the owner or keeper whereof shall not comply with the regulations prescribed bv the Council in 
respect thereto, and for tlic punishment of persons violating ordinances on the subject. 

Sec. 2. All persons, corporations or firms owning property, whether real or personal, subject 
to taxation by the City of Jacksonville, are hereby required to make return of the same before the 
first day of August, 1893, and before the first day of Alarch in every year thereafter, to the 
Comptroller of said City. 

Sia. ,^ Sucli return shall be made upon and in compliance witli blanks prepared therefor, and 
furnished by the City of Jacksonville, and shall contain a complete list of all the property taxable by 
the City belonging to such person, corporation or firm, on the first day of January in the year for 
which such return is made, together with the full cash value thereof, given separately, an intelligible 
description of the full cash value of each separate lot or parcel of real estate. The descriptions and 
valuations thus returned may be considered by the as.sessing officer in making assessments, but he 
shall not be bound thereby. Should any person, corporation or firm omit to make return as above 
required, the assessing officer shall assess property not thus returned in the name of the owner, if 
the name of such owner shall be known to him, and where the name of the owner is not known to 
him he may assess it in the name of tlic supposed or reputed owner or occupant, <>r as belonging to 
an unknown owner; and in no case where the real owner has failed to make return of his propert\- 
as herein required, shall the assessment thereof be declared invalid or not lawfully made, or the 
enforced payment of the taxes thereon be resisted by reason of such projjerty being assessed 
otherwise than in the name of the real owner. 

Sicc. 4. Railway and railroad companies shall be suliject to taxation on all real estate and 
personal property owned by them within the limits of the corporation, in the same manner and at 
the same rate of valuation as other property. The property of street railway companies, whose lines 
or tracks lie within the corporate limits of said City, shall be a.ssessed in like manner as other 
property is assessed, and at the full cash value of the entire property, franchises and privileges 
owned by such company within said City. 'I'he property of railway, street railway and other 
corporations, part of which is, and part of whicli is not, subject to taxation for the various purposes 
other than ordinary corporation purposes, shall be so assessed as to show the valuation (or part of the 
whole valuation) subject to taxation for each purpose. In assessing property of railroad and street 
railroad companies, the Comptroller shall specify what property is assessed as used for right of wa_\- 
and depot purposes, by such description as will clearly indicate the property covered by that 
assessment, and their property other than that so described and assessed shall be separately assessed 
by sufficient descriptions as is other property, each lot, part of lot or tract being assessed separately, 
except that the City authorities may, at the request of the company or its agents, assess several 
pieces together; and the descriptions, assessments and valuations shall be subject to be changed and 
corrected and fixed by the City Council, sitting as an equalizing board, as in case of other property. 

Skc. 5. The Comptroller of the City of Jacksonville shall be the Assessor of Taxes for said 
City. 'I'he City Council may, by ordinance, provide for and elect competent assistants to assist the 
Comptroller in making assessments. All property shall be assessed at its full cash value. l-2ach lot 



and separate tract of land shall be assessed separately, except that at the written request of the 
owner of lots or tracts of land adjoining each other, or when such owner makes return thereof in 
such manner, such adjoining lots or tracts may be assessed together. The City Council may, by 
ordinance, provide for the preparation of a plat or plats, or plat-book or plat-books, showing thereon 
any or all of the lands in the City, each lot and block, tract or parcel of land being thereon so indicated 
by numbers or other designation as to be easily and intelligibly referred to by way of description, 
and for the filing thereof in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court for Duval County, as part 
of the public records of said County, and after such filing thereof, the lands thereon indicated may 
be described and assessed upon the City tax assessment roll by reference to such plat or plats, 
plat -book or plat-books, which shall be plainly endorsed "Jacksonville City Plats," and shall be 
referred to on the assessment rolls as "City Plats," as a sufficient designation. The designation 
"Personal Property" shall be a sufficient description of all personal property for the purposes 
of City taxation, and personal property assessed need not be otherwise specified or described on 
the tax assessment roll. 

Sec. 6. Upon his preliminary assessment roll the C(.imptroller may indicate, in some convenient 
manner, the property subject to taxation for each of the purposes for which taxation is authorized. 
Said assessment roll shall be completed and submitted to the City Council at its first regular meeting 
in June in each year, or as soon thereafter as practicable, provided that said assessment roll for the 
year 1893 shall be submitted to the City Council at its first meeting in August in that year, or as 
soon thereafter as practicable. 

Sec. 7. As soon as practicable after the submission of said assessment roll to them, the City 
Council shall cause to be published a notice that said assessment roll has been submitted to the 
Council for approval, and requiring all persons desiring to have corrections thereof made, whether 
in the listing valuation of the property or otherwise, to file, with the Comptroller, on or before a day 
to be named in said notice, which day shall not be less than ten days after the first publication of 
said notice, their petition to the City Council setting forth their objections to said assessment and 
the corrections which they desire made. Said notice shall name the time when, and the place 
where, the City Council will meet for the purpose of equalizing the assessments and making proper 
corrections. From the date of the publication of the notice provided for herein to and including the 
day named therein as the last day for filing said petition, the public shall have access to the said 
assessment roll, at the office of the Comptroller, during each day, Sundays excepted, from nine 
o'clock in the morning until five o'clock in the afternoon, excepting between the hours of twelve and 
two, for the purpose of examining the same and preparing petitions for the correction thereof. All 
petitions for corrections of assessments shall be made open and in compliance with blank petitions, 
to be prepared and furnished upon application by the City of Jacksonville, and shall comply with all 
reasonable requirements made by ordinance. 

Sec. 8. All petitions for corrections of assessments so filed, within the time prescribed, with 
the Comptroller, shall be by the Comptroller delivered to the City Council, and the said Council, by 
committees or otherwise, shall investigate concerning the same, and, upon the day named therefor 
in said notice, shall meet and sit as a tax equalizing board, for the purpose of equalizing said 
assessment and correcting the same, and shall consider and act upon said petitions and the reports of 
its said committees, and shall make such changes in the valuation or listing of property, or otherwise, 
as may be necessary to the proper, just and legal equalizing of said assessment. The City Council 
shall give opportunity to such petitioners as may have filed their petitions, and objections to said 
assessment roll, as hereinbefore provided, to be heard in person, or by attorney, in open session, by 
written or oral argument, and on such evidence as may be presented to sustain such petitions, but 
the Council may, by resolution, regulate the order of hearing and limit the time to be given to each 
petitioner, and shall sit from day to day until said petition and objections and reports have all been 
passed upon, and the correction of said assessment roll shall have been completed. 

Sec. 9. If the City Council shall increase the valuation of any property on the assessment roll, 
or make any other changes in such assessment roll, except by a reduction of the valuation, or in 
accordance with complaints or petitions submitted to the Council, all persons directly affected by 

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such change shall have similar notice and opportunity to be heard, as provided in the two preceding- 
sections; such notice shall contain the name of the owner, or person in whose nante the property is 
assessed, or in case such owner is unknown, a brief description of the property. 

Skc. io. All eham^es made liy the City Council shall be noted in his preliminarv assessment 
roll by the Comptroller, and said assessment roll, so corrected, shall be copied as corrected, and such 
copy, after being approved and adopted by the City Council, shall stand as the assessment of the 
taxable property within the City. 

Sec. II. As soon as practicable after such ajiproval and adoption of the assessment roll, the 
City Council shall determine the amount and rtx the rate of taxation, and make the annual tax levies 
of the current year. Such levies shall not exceed, in any year, for ordinary corporation purposes, a 
higher rate of tax than one per cent, of the assessed value of the taxable property within the 
corporate limits of said City; the word " ordinary" is to embrace all expenses for police, streets, gas 
and other illuminating material, and all other purposes strictly municipal ; but special levies may be 
made for payment of interest on debt, for sinking fund, to i)ay any judgment against the Citv, or 
levied in obedience to any mandamus; and alsi> a special tax, not exceeding one-half of one per cent, 
on the City valuation, for water works and fire protection, provided that such property only as shall 
be within one thousand feet of a water main or hydrant shall be subject to the special tax for water 
works and fire protection. The City Comptroller shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of 
this Act, ascertain and report to the Cit)- Council the amount of indebtedness of the Citv on account 
of the fire department, and payable 
the City Council may, in their di: 
such indebtedness, which shall lie 
Indebtedness Tax." 

Sec. 12. The Comptroller sh; 
reject, in said calculations, the frai. 
fraction of one-half or o\'er; he sha 
be necessary to show clearly and concisely the totals of the various tax levies made. If the owners 
of any property shall fail to petition the Council for correction of any assessment, in the manner 
above provided, then he shall not thereafter be heard as of right to question the validity of 
such assessment. 

Sec. 13. The Comptroller shall make a copy of said assessment roll, with the levies extended 
thereon, and shall deliver the .same to the Collector of Taxes; but the original he shall retain in his 
office. To such assessment roll, and said copy thereof, he shall attach his certificate, substantially in 
the following form: " I, Comptroller of the City of Jacksonville, do hereby certify that 

the foregoing is the assessment roll of the taxable property in the Cit\- of Jacksonville, valued at its 
full cash value, and that it contains a true statement and description of all persons and property 
in the City of Jacksonville subject to taxation by said City, or liable to be assessed therein ; that the 
listing and valuation in said roll show correctly and accurately the listing and valuations as corrected, 
accepted, approved and adopted by the City Council, and that all the recpiircments of the laws and 
ordinances regulating the making of the assessment roll for the City of [acksonville ha\'e been 
complied with. Dated Comptroller of the City of Jacksonville." 

Sec. 14. To the assessment roll delivered to the Collector of Taxes the Ci.imptroller shall attach 
a warrant, under his hand, substantially in the following form, to wit: "The State of I'loi'ida, Cit_\- 
of Jacksonville. To , Collector of Taxes of the City of Jacksonville. Von are heivby 

commanded to collect out of the property, and from each of the persons, eor])oratious and lii'ms 
named in the annexed roll, the taxes set down in such roll opposite each name, corjioralion or iirm, 
or parcel of land therein described; and in case the taxes so imposed are not paid at the time 
prescribed by law, you are to collect the .same in such manner as is provided by law; and all sums 
collected you are to account for as Treasurer of the City of Jacksonville; and you are further required 
to make all collections and reports, and a final report to and settlement with, the Comptroller 

and City Council, as required by law and ordinances. Given mider my hand this day 

of 189 Comptroller of the City of Jacksonville." 



S?:c. 15. All taxes shall be due and payable on the first day of September, in each year, or as 
soon thereafter as the assessment roll may come into the hands of the Collector of Taxes, of which 
he shall give notice by publication, and the collection of taxes remaining due and unpaid on the first 
day of January thereafter shall be infc^rccd in the manner provided by law, and interest at the rate 
of twelve (12) per cent, per annum, from the date i>f said publication of notice by the Collector, shall 
be added thereto and collected. 

Skl'. 16. The Comptroller, in estimating and carrying out the taxes assessed upon the 
assessment rolls, shall comply with the terms of the City ordinances on that subject not in conflict 
with the provisions of this Act. 

Sec. 17. The Collector of Taxes shall have power to issue distress warrants, and alias and 
pluries distress warrants, in the name of the State and City, to enforce collections of taxes on 
property and privileges. Such warrants may be executed by the City Marshal, or by any Constable 
or Sheriff. Taxes and assessments on realty shall be and remain a lien on the property assessed, 
superior to all other liens or claims, until the same shall be paid ; such lien may be enforced as other 
liens. All impaid taxes and assessments may be collected by suits in court at law, or in ecptity, the 
cost of all suits and proceedings for the collection of unpaid taxes and assessments, including 
reasonable attorney's or solicitor's fees, which shall be paid to the Attorney or Solicitor representing 
the City as his compensation in such suits, shall be recovered and collected by such suits. 

Sec. 18. If the taxes on any real estate shall not be paid before the first day of January next 
after the tax roll shall have come into the hands of the Collector, the Collector may, at any time 
thereafter, make, from the assessment roll, a separate copy of any assessment thereon remaining 
unpaid, showing the assessment of any lot, parcel or tract of land as the same then appears upon the 
City tax assessment roll, which he shall certify to be a true and correct copy from the City tax 
assessment roll of the assessment of the lot, parcel or tract of land therein described, and deliver the 
same to the City Attorney or Solicitor for collection, which certified copies shall be prima facie 
evidence of the contents of the assessment roll, and of the levies made thereon, in all suits to 
enforce the payment of, or the lien for, such taxes as may appear upon said copies. The City 
Attorney or Solicitor shall search, or cause to be searched, the public recoi'ds of Duval County, and 
of the United States District Court, at Jacksonville, to ascertain the names of all persons owning, 
having interest in, or liens upon, said lands, and in the suits brought for the enforcement of said 
liens for taxes, he shall make all persons appearing upon said records to be owners of, or interested 
in, said real estate, or lien thereon, parties defendant, and whenever service is sought to be had in 
such suit upon any defendant by publication, the notice shall contain a description of the land upon 
which the tax lien is claimed. The names of any persons other than the owners of said real estate 
may, at the discretion of the City Attorney or Solicitor, be omitted from the list of defendants; but 
no person having an interest in said property, or a lien thereon, apparent upon said records, and 
not brought into court as a defendant, shall be, until so brought into court, deprived of his interest 
therein. The interest of all persons not apparent upon said public records shall be foreclosed by 
such suits, without their being named or served as defendants. Upon a collection of all the moneys 
due the City, after the same shall have been placed in the hands of the City Attorney or Solicitor, 
the payments shall be made : first, all court costs, including clerks, sheriffs, masters and advertising 
fees; second, the amount due the City for taxes and interest; and, last, the Attorney's or Solicitor's 
fee for services in connection with the collection of srich taxes. 

Sec. 19. In all suits brought by the City to enforce the payment of moneys claimed to be due 
it, whether for taxes or assessments, or upon any contract, express or implied, or howsoever the 
same may be claimed to be due the City, reasonable Attorney's or Solicitor's fees shall be adjudged, 
-allowed and paid to the prevailing party, plaintiff or defendant, as compensation for all services 
necessarily rendered by the Attorneys or Solicitors in connection with the successful representation 
of the prevailing party, which fees shall be, as soon as collected, paid over to the Attorneys or 
Solicitors of record of the prevailing party as compensation for their services in that connection. 
Sec. 20. This Act shall take effect from and after its passage. 

Approved June 2d, 1893. 

40 



Q 
< 

-J 
< 

>- 
U 




■si cE ?i -J 






lACKSONVlLLES MAYORS. 




1865-66 


J. Ram.f.y Dev, . 


1880-81 


IS66-67 


M. A. DziALYxNSK.! (two terms), 


1881-83 


1867-68 


W. McL. Dancv (two terms), 


.883-85 


1868-70 


M. C. Rick, . . 


1885-86 


1870-73 


P. McQuAiD, 


1886-87 


IS73-74 


J. n. BURBRIDGK, 


1887-88 


1874-76 


C. B. SMrrH, 


1888-89 


1876-77 


P. McOuAiD (two terms), 


1889-93 


1S77-78 


Died in office, 1892; succeeded by 


1878-79 


Dk. H. Rohixson, . 


1892-93 


1879-80 


D. U. Flktcher, . 


•893-95 


a remarkable man. For six terms he was chosen to be 



!|RI()R tn the year 1889 the term of the office of Mayor was for one year, at which time it 
was extended to two years. During- the war the official records of the City were 
buried for safe keeping', but were suffered to lie so long in the earth that, when 
resurrected, they were found to be wholly decayed, and were Inst ; consequently 
there is no means of gaining information i.if the peril )d before the war. Following 
is a list of Mayors since the war: 

H. H. HoEG, 

Holmes Steele, 

J,,HN Clark, 

Edwaku Hopkins (two terms), 

Peter Jones (three terms), . 

J. C. Greeley, 

Peter Jones (two terms), 

Luther McConihe, . 

W. Stokes Boyd, . 

Luther McConihe, . 

Peter Jones, 

Peter Jones was in many respects 
Chief Executive of his City, at the end of which time he was elected Chief of the Fire Department, 
and died in office. He was a most energetic and useful citizen. P. McOuaid, who also died in 
harness, was for five years Mayor, and one of the best the City ever had. His death was felt as 
a severe loss to the community. In 1892 John C. Cooper was chosen Mayor by the Council, upon 
the death of Mayor McOuaid, but declined to serve, whereupon Dr. H. Robinson consented to 
serve, and was duly elected. 

The election of Hon. D. U. Fletcher to the ^NLiyoralty, in 1893, was the logical outcome of that 
gentleman's able and laborious efforts in the lower house of the State Legislature, just prior to that 
event. It was he who fathered the measure repealing House Bill Xo. 4, and gave us our present 
excellent City Charter, restoring the elective franchise to the people. Mr. Fletcher has ever been 
a faithful worker for his City and vState, and his elevation to the chief executive office of the City 
was a just recognition of his merit and ability, and came practically without opposition. 

The Fletcher Administration, and what it has done for Jacksonville. 

The City Administration of 1893-95 ^^'i'^ R" down in our municipal history as one of the most 
progressive and altogether useful since the City's establishment. It has graduated from the 
kindergarten of experiment into the broad and high school of material development; it has cast off 
the hampering garb of provincialism, and adopted metropolitan methods; it has left the old groove 
of an injurious over-conservatism, and struck out boldly on the high road of advanced ideas and 
liberal achievement. 

It has successfully carried through an election for §1,000,000 in City bonds for much needed 
improvements, and sold the bonds at par value. 

It has erected a city hall and market, which cost, building and site, ,$100,000. 

It has paved nearly fifteen miles of streets with vitrified brick and rock, and contracted for 
twenty miles additional. 

It has established an electric light plant for ligliting the Citv, with fifty-seven miles of electric 
wire, and fifty miles of commercial wire to be added. 

48 



It has purchased a garbage outfit, for the Street Cleaning Department, of the most improved 
pattern, and placed it under a superintendent, \vith the result of a great saving to the City as against 
the contract system, and a greatly improved conditiim of the Department. 

It has improved and beautified the City parks. 

It has increased the efficiency of the Fire Department. 

It has reduced taxation two mills, and had a surplus 
in the treastiry, on January ist, 1895, of $57,000. 

It has supplied the Police Department with a complete 
equipment of Marlin repeating rifles, organized a detective 
force, and .so improved the department as to more com- 
pletely insure the public safety. 

It has secured the latest devices for use in the City 
Cremator, which destroy all gases and bad odors. 

It has so conducted public affairs as to inspire the 
confidence of all classes, which has resulted in a sub.stantial 
municipal growth unprecedented in the City's history, 
despite the "hard times" of the past two }-ears. 

As a further evidence of this universal confidence, 
there was invested in buildings alone, in Jacksonville, 
during the year 1894, more than one million dollars. 

Under the same in.spiration there has been erected 
one cjf the most magnificent railway depots in the South, 
at a C(.)St of nearly one million dollars. 

Improvements are noted in every department of 
public and private enterprise. Property values have in- 
creased; confidence is restored; credits are good. With 
the completion of the bond sale, and the many improve- 
ments inaugurated by the present Administration, Jack- 
sonville will compare favorably with any city of equal siz 




tht 



world. Much of this is due to 
natural conditions, and much to the wisdom, caution and enterprise of the Fletcher Administration. 
There will be a new City election in May, and whether the present officials are retained in office or 
not, the tide of progress and improvement they have set in motion cannot be checked until it 
reaches a successful conclusion. The names of the men ci imposing the Administration which has 
wrought such great good in Jacksonville deserve to be perpetuated. 





CITY COUNCIL, 1S93-95. 

1. D. U. Fletcher, JAmv . 2. W. G. Toomer, Presulent : 3. B. F. Dillon, t\\-Presi\ie,it : 4- T. L. Irwin: 5- J- G. Murplr 
6. E. G. Blair; 7. J. S. Price: s. J. A. Huau ; 9. W. W. Gatlin : 10. P. D. .Miller; 11. T. ,|. Boyd; 12. Raymond D. Knight; 13. \ 
T.Sylvester; 14. John Fowler ; 15. A. J. Hedrick ; 16. W. F. Coachman ; 17. J.H.Stephens; i3. C. W. DaCosta. 



CITY OFFICIALS. iSq^-q^. 




OLL(3WING is a list uf City ( Jffici; 
toocther with the salary of each. 
City Charter: * 

J/,nvr—l). U. Flktchkr: $:,oo. t 
CoKnciliiun — \V. (x. Thhmer, Pres- 
ident: R. I). KN-Kan-, F. D. Mii.ikr, 

T. L. luWIX, T. J. B.IVI.. W. F. CnA.HMAX, 
J. (i. MtRRHv/W. W. liAlI IX, JUHX K. 
U.^LEl, C. W. DaCusTA, a. J. Hm.RlLR, 

J. H. Stephens, J. S. Price, W. T. Sylves- 
ter, J. A. HfAU, John Fowler; no salary. 
Board of ' Public Works—]. N. C. STOCKTcix, 
Chairman; George A. DeCottes, Augi'stus 
H. King; $400 per annum, each. 



■A eleeted in July, 1S93, for a term (if two years. 
For their duties, privileges and ]3owers, see the 

CoiiiptrolLr—]. R. Thurhkr; ,$2,000. 
TrLasitrcr aii,l Colhitor — R. C. Scot r ; $2,000. 
A',V(';v/,7— W. C. Wisr; $2,000. 
Mniiicipal ,///,/vv— Cromwell (liiaioxs: ,$800 

and fees. 
Marshal—]. A. Vlxzant; $900. 
City Eiigiiiiir — L. H. Mattair; $1,500. 
Health Ojfioi-r—CL.woK Joyner; $1,200. 
C/tr Physicians — P. |. Slollexwerck and 

' J. H. DnCLAs: $000 each. 
Marhct fii.<:pcctor—\\'. H. McClkhv; $1,020. 



POLICE DEPARTMENT. 




HIS Department is contro 
Pc iliee Cc immissi( >ners, 
members, as follows: X. 
man; W. J. liarkisheime 
The force, at present, is 
Lieutenants, two Serjeants, thirt^ 



led by a Board nf 
■(.imposed of three 
B. Broward. Chair- 
• and P. A. Di.t;Tian. 
(imposed of a Chief, 
-two regular patrol- 



men and SIX superntmieraries. The Chief is Paul (t. Philli])s, 
a man of sterling character and integrity, as well as a shrewd 
and efficient officer. He has a salary of $1,200 per annum. 
He is most ably seconded by ex-Chief, now Lieutenant, 
Keefe and Lieutenant Minor; salary $960. W. H. Herndon 
and D. A. Williams are the Sergeants; sakiry ,$840. The 
Police Department is in excellent condition: the men are 
mostly officers of long training. The system is so arranged 
that only merit can bring promotion. The armory of the 
department, at present in the City jail building, is equipped 
with the latest improved Marlin repeating rifles, for use onl\- 
in emergencies. Taken altogether, the Police Force is a 
most efficient bodv. 




* B. F. Dilldii and 1 

Messrs. Fowler antl Uguet. 

f By recent act of Coi 



<;. Blair were elected willi this C( 
Dillon was President of the Counci: 
icil, the Mayor's salary, be,i;inninj{ \vi 



iS(j4, and were succeeded by 
in, is made Si. 200 per annum. 



FIRE DEPARTMENT. 




I'lIE Jacksonville Fire Department, as organized and operated to-da}-, is one of the best 

in the country. It was organized as a paid department in August, 1885. In the 

earlier days of the City's history the ordinary bucket brigades fought the casual fires 

that visited the commimity, and even before the war there was a hose company here; 

but it was not till 1870 that a volunteer organization of any moment was effected. At 

that time the Mechanic's Steam Fire Engine Company was chartered, and nearly all of the younger 

leading citizens became members of it. This company came in time to be one of the chief factors in 

local politics. The membership was large, and many were 

men of influence and wealth in the community. They 

directed politics largely, named office holders, and dictated 

policies. At one time the Mayor, Chief of Police, Marshal, 

' - -Ittfatw - ^^'^ several members of the City Council held membership 

^..^^SSeS/KK^ ii^ *^he Mechanic's, and owed their official position to that fact. 

^ .^VBHSH^HV The Company still maintains a nominal organization, on 

^ ■■— ^U account of property interests chiefly, but the original mem- 

''^ Ifr pfp bers are men of gray hairs now, and not a few of them have 

"crossed over." Following closely upon the Mechanic's, and 

vieing with them in voluntary services, was the ^^tna Fire 

Engine Company, four hook and ladder companies, several 

hose companies, and a hand engine operated by negroes. 

/ ^L These volunteer firemen were a brave lot, and did much 

.^ ^^^^^^ valuable service ; but the growth of the City demanded more 

y^ _ ^.^-J^^^^^^^lfe- ample fire protection than could be afforded by them, so the 

-^^^ .^^^B^^^^^^E i.irganization of a paid department was finally decided upon, 

^^'Sm^f^^^^^^^^^^^^m' '"^'^ eiTected, as above stated, iii August, 1885. It was 

"''J^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^ placed under the control of a Board of Fire Commissioners, 

^S^^^^^^H^^^^^^T ' composed of nine members, of which Dr. John C. L'Engle 

%JHHpnLJIPIr was Chairman. There was miich jealousy on the part of the 

volunteers over this move, and some opposition ; but Dr. 

L'Engle, to pacify them, insisted (.)n purchasing their 

cHiF.i imi.MA^ u. H\M-,v. apparatus, which was done in most cases. Many additions 

were made, and much improvement in the Department, 

which has continued ever since. The first Chief of the new Department was that veteran, Peter 

Jones, who had been six times Mayor of Jacksonville. At the time of his election he was filling a 

Government position, with headquarters in Savannah, and was elected to the place without his 

knowledge. In 1889, under the new City Charter, the Department was placed under the control of 

the Board of Public Works, and in 1895 transferred to the Board of Trustees of the Water Works 

and Improvement Bonds. The large increase of territory taken in under the Charter of 1889 

necessitated a great extension of the water mains, many new hydrants, and much additional apparatus 

of all kinds. After the death of Peter Jones much ditficulty was experienced in selecting a new 

Chief. The local political factions each had its favorite for the place, which always met with 

opposition from the others. At length a man was agreed upon who seemed to suit all parties, and 

time has only served to prove the wisdom of the selection made. Thomas W. Haney, of Atlanta, is 

the man. He became Chief in September, 1892. He was at the time Assistant Chief of the Atlanta 

Fire Department, and received his training from that prince of firemen, W. R. Joyner, one of the 

finest fire chiefs in the world. Many a man who has seen Haney in his little wagon, rushing with 

the speed of a locomotive over the brick pavement, has turned to ask a bystander, " When did Chief 

Joyner come to Jacksonville?" It is not unlikely that Mr. Haney will be another example of the 

pupil outmastering the master, if, indeed, it be possible to excel Joyner. The Department is 



supplied with the celebrated Gamewell Fire Alarm System, with twenty-two boxes. It consists of four 
stations. There are three two-horse hose wagons, carrying i,ooo feet of hose each ; one one-horse hose 
wagon, carrying 600 feet of hose; one Hayes' ariel hook and ladder truck, of fifty-five feet extension, 
and one steam fire engine. The water in Jacksonville is obtained from artesian wells, where an 
immense engine pumps the water into the mains with such force as to carry it over the highest 
buildings; the engine, therefore, is seldom used, but as a matter of precaution arrangements arc 
being made to purchase two additional fire engines. Each fire station is supplied with "Hale's 
patent swinging harness," by which the horses are harnessed and put in motion in fmm five to 
seven seconds. The Department employs twenty-seven men, five foremen and a Chief. They 
have twelve horses and a total of 6,500 feet of hose. As soon as the new City bonds are disposed 
of many additional improvements will be added to this already eflicient Department 



WATER WORKS. SEWERS AND SANITATION. 




IjURIXIt the decade following the close of the war Jacksonville increased in population 
'5j| (^^) f about one-hundred per cent. It is recorded in Webb's Directory that in 1878 she 
' -^ ^^J Jl ^^^^ ^ population of 12,170. With tlie increase in population and business, it 
became imperative to provide for the public comfort and safety in a more extensive 
degree than had hitherto been enjoyed. For this purpose the City was bonded in 
the sum of $250,000 in twenty year bonds. The bonds sold readily, and the funds realized from 
the sale were placed in the hands of a Board of Trustees of the Sanitary Improvement Fund, of 
which the venerable Dr. A. S. Baldwin was made Chairman. He has held the position ever since. 
The plan of Public Works, to which the proceeds of the Sanitary Bonds were to be applied, 
embraced: The drainage and filling in of certain low lands in various portions of the City; 
the improvement of Hogan's and McCoy's Creeks; the erection of water works; the construction 
of an effective sewerage system. This plan was submitted to the Trustees for their guidance in 
January, 1878, and they began the work of improvement forthwith. The morasses about the 
City were drained and filled and the garbage which had been dumped recklessly into the low 
places was thoroughly disinfected and covered to a de]5th of from three to five feet with white 
sand. Hogan's Creek, a winding, sluggish stream, with an outlying border of marsh, was, by 
extensive cutting and dredging, converted into an attractive canal, and the marsh land reclaimed 
from overflow. McCoy's Creek was also cleared of obstructions, and .such small dredging as it 
demanded was done upon it ; this has since been completed, and the creek now flows through a 
direct canal. The Trustees also purchased five and one-half acres of land just North of Hogan's 
Creek and west of Main Street at its junction with First, as a site for the water works plant. This 
tract, now known as the Water Works Park, has been converted into a most attractive plot, planted 
in flowers, shrubbery and evergreens, with numeroiTS fountains and other attractions. The water 
works plant was completed in July, 1880, at a cost of about $130,000 complete. It issup])lied with 
two Worthington Duplex pumping engines with a capacity of 3.500,000 gallons per day, with a 
pressure of twenty-five pounds to the square inch. Handsome buildings, abundant mains, and 
every facility for obtaining and distributing the water were provided, together witJi a fire-alarm 
telegraph, having six miles of wire. 

After experimenting with surface wells, tlie Trustees sunk two artesian wells, with the most 
satisfactory results, as will be seen from the following report of Dr. Baldwin, Chairman, dated 
December 21, 1885 : 

In December, 1884, an experimental artesian well was commenced and sunk five hundred 
feet to a free supply of water, which was reached in July. Size of pipe three inches, 
discharging about 260,000 gallons per day, with a pressure of twenty-five pounds to the scjuare 
inch. In August a contract was made with Mr. (). II. Wade to sink a six-inch well five hundred 



feet, which was cnntimicd on down to six huinl 


Ired and thirty 


-six feet, ai 


nd a flow 


of seven hundred 


g-allons per minute nl)taincd. or o\-cr one niilli 


on -aliens dai 


Iv. The V 


\-ater of 1 


loth wells is now 


turned into the reserxoirs, which is sufticient U 


or all ordinary 


purposes. 


The wa 


ter is remarkably 



clear, transparent, and at first slightly tinctured with sulphur, but b)' a process of spraying this 
taste entirely disappears, and the result is a delightfully clear, limpid, and sweet tasting water, not 
so well suited for laundry purposes as rain water, but for general use it is equal if not superior to 
any water supplied by public water works in the whole country. Another well six hundred and 
fifty feet deep has been contracted for and commenced, and when completed will furnish, with the 
others, a supply sufficient for a City twice the size of Jacksonville, and for all emergencies in the 
case of possible fires, etc. It has been ascertained that beneath the City there is an inexhaustible 
supply of pure and wholesome water to be found in any cpiantity and with a pressure of twenty-five 
]iounds to the inch. 

The six hundred and fifty foot well referred to in Dr. Baldwin's report as having been 
contracted for, was duly completed with satisfactory results. In 1888 another well was sunk to a 
depth of 1,030 feet, which produced a water flow in all of 5,000,000 gallons daily. This was deemed 
to be a suflficient and permanent supply for many decades to come, but it was later discovered that 
the sinking of numerous other wells in the City visibly reduced the yield from the City wells. 
The $1,000,000 bond issue of 1894 provides a fund of )^'4oo,ooo for improving and extending the 
water works and sewers, so that in a short time they will be perfected beyond peradventure. 

There are in use at present about ten miles of water mains, with a sufficient number of 
hydrants for use in case of fire, as well as pipes for public and private use in houses and grounds. 
The pressure from the wells is so great as to force the water through the nozzle of the hose to a 
height of sixt\' feet, thus dispensing with the need of fire engines. The Trustees of the Sanitary 
Improvement Fund have acquitted themselves of a great responsibility, in a manner most creditable 
to themselves and beneficial to the community. The objects for which the fund was created have 
been realized, and the bonds have been called in for redemption. The Board, as at present 
constituted, consists of: Dr. A. S. Baldwin, Chairman : Geo. R. Foster, S. B. Hubbard, R. B. 
Archibald, W. (i. T(M.mcr; H. Myers, Auditor in charge. 

The sewers of Jacksonville have proved one of the most effective agencies for preserving the 
health and cleanliness of the City. The work of laying them was begun in November, 1879, and 
they were accepted by the Trustees in April, 188 1. There are at present about seven miles of 
sewers in use. Thev arc constructed of vitrified terra-eotta pipe, ranging in size from eight to 
twent)--four inches, carefully laid to grade and alignment, and jointed with Portland cement. In 
1894 Col. George E. Waring, at present Commissioner of Public Works in New York City, was 
employed by the City Council as an expert Sanitary Engineer to examine and report upon the 
condition of Jacksonville's sewers, and formulate plans for perfecting the system. In the new 
bond issue ample funds have been set aside for this pur])ose, and Col. Waring's plans will prevail. 
He is a man of national reputation, and the work, completed under his directions, will insure a 
system of sewerage as good as the best. 

The extension of the system contemplates about forty miles of additional sewer pipe, which 
will extend over every portion of the City, new and old. 

The average elevation of the City is about twenty-five feet, which insures easy drainage 
facilities. The sewers are constructed away inti.i the river, whence the current carries off all 
impurities. The cremator consumes all garbage and refuse of every description, as well as 
consumes all impure gases and noxious odors. A full corps of sanitary inspectors patrol the City 
constantly, and every one of the 5,067 buildings are visited monthl)-, the premises inspected, and 
monthly reports made to the City Health Officer. Violations of the Sanitary Ordinance are 
promptly reported to the authorities, and the cause of complaint is remedied. 

So perfectly does the system work that it is next to impossible for disease to gain a foothold, 
having no impurities to feed upon. The Chiefs of this department are: Dr. Claude Joyner, 
Health Officer; Drs. P. J. Stollenwerck and J. H. Douglass, City physicians; and George W. 
Roberts, Chief Sanitary Inspector. 

54 



STREETS AND PARKS. 




Ihe 



n., till. St I hns Ri\( 



111-, 
thii 



1 1 Lks Wll 

diniLiisi IT 

lit tittLtn 

nti iLtc-d t 

^t m I WLst 



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id tLil 1 \ 


th 


LL hiindiLd 


let 


un.. 


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11 <- 


hi 


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llld thii 


t\ t 


111 milLS t 


IL 


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ek 


llld M 


tiihLd 1)1 


Lk 


md twLiitv 


llL 


piinc 


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USlllL 


ss th 1 


ll^htUL 


L\ 


tLiids ilono 


Lk 


ind 11 


n 


1 


111 


Ini 


S 11 L 


thLl suIl 


tl 


L LLupants 


"^ 


1 ILL/ 


LS 


tl 


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th^ 


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W itLl W 


l\ 


is^Lll ^s a 


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StlLLt IS tllL 


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t IS t 


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p lilt 


t thL l1 


LLtl 


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and fiftLcn 111! 
streets uradLd 
miles additK n i 
the rivei ti( nt 
of which eni \ m SumniLi 
Tnasj;nificent Me\\ extendm.. 
traffic f:om earh moinm., 
■which extend to l\ en p i 
tion of thL Lit\ 1 \Li\ 
kind <if L n\ L\ hill st iii Is 
ready to h -in d it dltiiiKs 
and rapid ti msit li is n t 
yet beL( mc i siibiLLt I 
worry tliL nimd t sul 
urban iLSKknts I i\ i 
well as Mam and sl\li il 
other streets, is p-w l 1 with 
vitrified briLk axIulIi hi 

StO(jd thL SL\LlLSt tLSts 111 

other LitiLs md pi \Ln 

tl) lie an iltojether satis 

factory miteiial for the 

purpose. There is no dis- m. iamis i'akk. 

tinctive residence street in 

the City, unless Riverside Avenue may be termed such. There are perhaps a i^reatcr number of 

handsome dwellings on this than any other street. Others are: Talleyrand Avenue, Church, 

Monroe, Duval, Laura, Main and Adams Streets. Besides Bay, the principal business streets are 

Forsyth, Bridge and Main ; all of which are paved. Pleasant drives extend into the country over 

shell roads. Amongst these is the drive down the river to Talle3-rand Place, the beautiful home of 

Dr. A. O. Bliss, where a Prince Talleyrand once lived. This may be extended to Panama Park, 

through picturesque stretches of forest and gmvc, by lake and river, where flowers liloom in 

profusion and wild birds flock in nnmlx'rs. 'I'hc dri\-cs to ^loncrief Springs, and u]i the ri\-er to 

Turkey Creek, are also popular. 

On the south side of the river, also, there are many delightful homes within easy driving 
distance; Villa Alexandra, the beautiful home of Mrs. Alexander Mitchell: Ccneral Divcii's 
handsome h(;use and grounds: the Cummings place, and others. 

The houses in Jacksonville arc numbered after the " Philadeliihia IMaii." with one hundred 
numbers to the block, and, as the streets are all properly labeled, there is no difliculty in strangers 
finding their wa_\- to any part of the City. 

Jacksonville has several parks, the largest of which is Riverside Park, with fourteen acres 
enclosed. This park was donated to the City some years ago, by a Mr. Forbes, of Jioston, chief 
owner of a tract of .sixty-nine acres in Riverside. No improvements were made upon it, however, 
till i8yi. Since then much work lias been done upon it, and the original groves of pine and oak 
have been greatlv lieautified bv clearing and trimming, the laying off of w:ilks and drives, and the 



cultivation of flowers, shrubbery and plants of all kinds. These plants were selected from nurseries, 
and embrace many of the prettiest varieties that flourish in this climate. There are five artificial lakes 
in the park, embracing in all about two and one-half acres. These will be supplied with small pleasure 
boats, and made attractive by the presence of sundry water fowl. The City Park, by the St. James 
and Windsor Hotels, is a small but exceedingly lovely spot, with its fountains, flowers, shrubbery 
and trees, a perfect little garden, and a favorite resort for loungers, nurses, and children with their 
pets. The Water Works Park is also an attractive place. It is the site of the Sub-Tropical 
Exposition, the artesian wells and water works, and the electric power plant. It consisted, 
originally, of five and one-half acres, to which Hon. J. C. Greeley recently added one acre. 

The Cremator is in a plot of four acres of reclaimed land, which is being all the time improved. 

The City Council recently purchased eleven and one-half acres lying on Hogan's Creek, from 
Bav Street to Union, wliich will be used for park purposes. It consists of low lands, which will be 
filled in and become vcr\' valuable. 




)UVA1, COUNTY COURr HOUSK. 



THE CITY LIGHTS. 




■nal has g-i\-cn 


thf subjoined 


its inx-cstniL-nt 


in an electric 


iws: (Jnu li until 


•ed .L;as lamps 


each, $,^750 pel 


■ annum: city 


t..tal uf 87.;, 50 


for 350 street 



^'IITH the Chapter on streets comes the lio-htino- thereof. The days of gas lights 
Si have passed in Jackson\nllc, and this City is now one of the best illuminated 
of any in the entire country. The City recently put in its own electric light 
plant at an expense of 873.°°0- The ])ower house is located in the water 
works park and was erected by S. 't. Harvey, the contractor, at a cost of 
$6,000. There are 57 miles of electric wire, and ^o miles of Commercial wire to be added, 
and as many more as may be recpiired for furnishing lights to private individuals as well 
as for perfectly illuminating every part of the City. There are in place 125 arc lights of 
2,000 candle power: ,500 incandescent lights of 30 candle power; 5,000 incandescent of 16 
candle power, and 125 commercial arc lights. The machinery for the |)ower house is of 
the very latest patterns, the minimum capacity of the engines being 800 h(n-se jjower. 
The engines are of the Corliss make with water tube boilers by the Babcock lV \Vilco.\ 
Company. The plant was supplied and put in operation by the Oeneral Electric Company, 
who employed all the most modern and appi\)\-ed styles of appliances and the latest 
inventions known to the science of electricit}-. A local jou 
figures to show that the City will make a handsome profit 01 
plant of its own, besides a great saving to the tax payer. 

The cost of lighting the city heretofore has been as foil 
at §30 each, §3,000 per annum; 250 sun vapor lamps at ,$15 
hall, jail and police headquarters about $600 per annum, or a 
lights and for city buildings. 

The operating expenses i.if the plant, allowing liberal salaries so as to secure the very 
best men for the most responsible positions, will be about as follows; Total for salaries of 
a general superintendent, a chief engineer, one assistant engineer, one dynamo tender, two 
oilers, two firemen, one night patrolman, two trimmers and four linemen, $9,990. For fuel, 
$3,600; carbons, oil, and waste, $2,110, making a grand total of $15,700. The original cost 
of the plant is $72,800. Ten per cent, per annum for interest on the investment and 
depreciation through wear and tear of machinery will anKumt to $7,280. Add to this the 
running expenses and the total will be $22,().So. From this amount should be deducted the 
amount formerly paid for lighting, $7,350, and it will be seen that it will cost the cit\' 
$15,630 more to operate the plant than it formerly did for lighting the city. 

This would look like extravagance, even if it were considered that Jacksoinille is 
now fifty times better lighted than ever before, but now comes a little figuring to sho\v 
the most skeptical that the investment is a good one and will save the tax payers inan\' 
thousands of dollars yearly. 

There are already on file applications for at least 2,000 incandescent lights and a 
prospect of as many more being received within the ne.\t lhirt\- days. These lights arc to 
be furnished at 30 cents each per month foi- residences and 75 cents for business houses, 
or an average of about 50 cents each per month. This will bring in ,S6 jicr year for each 
light, or $24,000 for the 4,000 lights. The plant can supply 1 00 arc lights for commercial 
purposes, but if only 50 are supplied at $80 each ])er aniniin, there will be an additional 
income of $4,000, or a total of $28,000 per annum against an expense of ,'«;i 5,630, making 
a profit of $12,370 instead of an expense of $7,350. 



MAYOR FLETCHERS MESSAGE. 




O MUCH information of essential value to an intelligent understanding of City affairs is 
embraced in the Mayor's Annual Message that it is deemed important to insert it in 
this work, together with reports or partial reports from various Chiefs of Depatments. 
It maybe added that whik- the reports cover the period up to May ist, 1895, this 
work brings it up only tn the close of last fiscal year, ending December 31st, 1894. 
owing is the Mayor's message : 



Jackso> 



Fl^ 



Ma 



Tu THK HONOKAKLE, THE CrrY CoUXClL. JACKSONVILLE, TLA., May I, 1S95. 

Goitlciiicn : This report, acccording to custom, should have been presented earlier, covering 
the fiscal year ending January ist, 1895, but by reason of the change of administration under the act 
of 1893 taking place about June ist, it seemed 
to me advisable to have the annual reports 
made about the first of May, each year. There 
appears no good reason why they should not 
cover the period from May to May, instead of 
from January to January. I submitted this 
matter to the Cotmcil some time since, and your 
views seem to be in favor of this change. 

There may be some things in the conduct 
of municipal affairs which the present govern- 
ment should look back upon with regret. If so, 
I feel assured they are of no great importance. 
Our critics have not been slow to advise us of 
(lur mistakes, and we have never shrank from 
criticism. We have considered it a healthy sign 
when the public was taking an interest in the 
government, and we have desired, rather than 
objected to, every show of proper interest, every 
sincere suggestion and every fair criticism. \Vc 
have sought to enlist the cooperation and sup- 
port of the citizens, and I believe not exceeding 
five per cent, have exhibited unfriendliness and 
opposition toward the present officers and their 
administration of municipal affairs. This small 
per centage, however, has made up in active 
obstruction and animosity what they lacked in 
numbers. At the start they arrayed themselves 
openly against the government, and they have 
lost no opportunity t" thwart our efforts and 

thereby to pounce upcm the prosperity of the 1 

people and throttle the progress of the City. 

That they have been prompted by personal and selfish mntivcs, tl 
they have hindered and delayed public improvements, to the great injr 
equally true. They have made it their business to prevent the carr\-i 
performance of work which the people have signified, in the most s.ikn 
They have defied public opinion, engendered strife, cultivated a feeling 
growth of the City, needlessly kept hundreds out of work, brought absolute sufi 
to the great detriment of public interest and the prosperity of the City. 

This is patriotism of a peculiar kind, and I regret that it has become so p 




people 



veil understand. That 

cif the community, is 

out of plans and the 

manner, they desired. 

f enmity, retarded the 

' suffering on many, all 

mounced here as 



makes it justifiable to call attention to it in this report. The people are long- suiifering, but they 
will, sooner or later, rebuke and condemn this selfishness and spite with more emphasis than I 
attempt. In Mayor Robinson's report, pau;e 13, February 7th, 1893, he uses this language: 

"Your Committee, recently appointed to investigate this matter of bonding, is making every 
effort possible to bring about some harmony on the subject, and we ardently hope that when an 
election for bonding is ordered by the Council, there will be practically no reasonable opposition to 
the measure. I am satisfied that if we ever expect to impnjve this City to make it what it should 
be, an attractive winter resort, free from epidemics, with good streets and pavements, adequate fire 
protection, good sewers and plenty of good water, so as to induce the investment of capital and build 
up factories, it can be brought about only b_\- the issuing uf an adequate amount of new bonds. If 
we wish to transmit to posterity a large and handsome city, it is but just that posterit}- sliould help 
pay for those blessings. At all events, tmless bc^nds are issued, but very few improvements can 
be made, if we depend on direct taxation for the money." 

These views were then shared generally by the people, and the idea suggested grew on the 
people. In the Legislature of 1893 I had the privilege of being instrumental in securing the passage 
of Chapter 4239 of the Laws of Florida, giving authority to issue such bonds. On ( )ctobei- i 7th. 1803, 
the qualified electors at the ballot box voted almost three to one for such issue, in accordance with 
the ordinance theretofore passed. 

The bonds were issued, and it was clearly demonstrated that the saving in rent Ijv haxing a 
building of our own constructed by the use of a part of the proceeds, saving on lights 1)\- ha\ing (.>ur 
own electric light plant, the revenue derived from a public market built in the same way, the increase 
in water rent produced by an extension of the mains, would amount to sitfficient to more than take 
care of the interest on the bonds, and we would secure paved streets, a new sewerage svstem for the 
whole City, artesian well water for the entire City, the bulkheading of the river fmnt, enlarging tlie 
fire department and other permanent impro\-ements, absolutely without a cent of additional taxation. 

Notwithstanding all this, a handful of people, some who, strangely enoitgh, hitherto endorsed 
all that had been said in favor of bonds, get together and decide that the City shall not go on with 
these improvements, the people shall not have these benefits, and they institute suit to enjoin the 
sale of the bonds. The result is that we have never received but ,$150,000 from the l.ionds; but we 
are able to say land has been purchased for a public building and market, the building is in jumcos 
of erection, and the electric light plant is in operation. 

Not only this, the vitrified brick pavement has been completed on Bay Street, and on ^lain 
Street from Bay Street to Hogan's Creek, and on Duval Street from ^[arket to Bridge Street. 

Stone curbing has been placed on numerous other streets, and paving will be continued as fast 
as possible — all as shown l)y the City Engineer's report, hereto attached. 

The Alachua rock pavement on Alain .Street, from Hogan's Creek to Eighth Street, and on 
Market Street from Eighth Street to Duval Street, and on Duval Street to Florida Avenue, and the 
Black Creek marl pavement from Florida Avenue to the Soldiers' Home, and on Commercial Street, 
in Riverside, have not given the satisfaction you expected. This pavement may pro\-e lietter than 
we now think, after the summer's sun has baked and hardened it. Unless it improves, I recommend 
that beach sand be placed on the rock while moist, and rolled in well. Tliis will form a mass which, 
when it hardens, will remain so, I am told, llie sand absorbing the iiKjisture wliicli now makes the 
pavement objectionable in wet weather. 

Referring again to the bond suit, I am gratified to say the City has won the case at everv stage 
thus far, the only thing accomplished by its instigators being delay and hindrance, aside from 
obliging the City to go to heavy expense in resisting the attack on the bonds. We are confronted 
with this condition: We must pay for public improvements, many being now in operation, by direct 
taxation, or suspend all improvements until the litigation is concluded. We expect, however, soon 
to have every obstacle to securing the proceeds as required removed. Work on public improvements 
will then be resumed with vigor. Meantime, we have been obliged to discontinue, and ha\-e been 
able to accomplish what has been done in that direction only by the extraordinary diligence of the 
Citv Attorney and Treasurer in collecting taxes. 



The statement below shows the relative amount of taxes collected dnring- the years named: 



SOURCES. l8yl. 

Judgments, entire City, 
Judgments, old City, 
Debts of old City, 
Markets, 

Board of Public Works, 
Fire Protection and Water 
Special Interest Fund, 
Special Sinking Fund, . 
Fairiield, . \ 
<.)rdinary Corporation, . 

Total, 



Works 



TAX C< 

RECEU'TS. 

$3,007 50 

14,166 oS 

650 46 

2, no 89 

46,740 iS 

13,682 94 

14,695 21 

9,407 76 

13 44 

43.936 75 

148,411 21 



)LLECTI()XS. 



(Ordinary Corporation Purposes, 


$47,^90 00 


Board of Public Works, 


75,449 86 


Judgment, entire City, . 


I. 173 42 


Judgment, old City, . 


10,793 38 


Special Sinking Fund, . 


. 11,960 17 


Special Interest Fund, 


20,772 58 


Water Works and Fire Prelection 


19.954 5- 


Old Debts, .... 


867 76 


Private Markets, 


4,120 14 


Total 


$192,381 83 



SOURCES. 1893. 

(Jrdinary Corporation Purposes, 

Board of Public Works, . 

Entire City Judgments, 

Water Works and Fire Protection, 

Special Sinking Fund, . 

vSpecial Interest Fund, 

Fire Department Indebtedness, 

Private Markets, 

Old Debt 

Old City Judgments, 

T.ital, .... 
1894. 
Ordinary Corporation Purposes, 
Board of Public Works, 
Entire City Judgment, . 
Water Works and Fire Protection, 
Special vSinking Fund, 
Special Interest Fund, 
Fire Department Indebtedness, 
Private Markets, 
Old Debts, .... 
Old City Judgments, 
Interest Delinquent Taxpayers, 

Total 

This includes $120,840 secured from Be 



RECEIPTS. 

$49,898 18 

73.743 05 

. 2,505 48 

24,010 52 

. 4,005 79 

25,828 14 

445 04 

4,824 19 

835 7> 

1,742 90 

$187,929 00 

$83,164 15 

212,540 02 

. 9,092 75 

44,481 92 

• 4.301 34 

34.016 25 

. 8,502 59 

1.655 94 

1,705 96 

. 598 14 

2,114 66 

$402,173 72 

nd Trustees. 



The Comptroller's report is also attached, and shows the financial condition of the city. The 
iluation of property in 1893 was $13,011,290 and the total tax levied was 13 8, 10 mills. In 1894 
duation was lowered to $12,887,840, and, notwithstanding this, the levy was lowered to 11 1/10 
ills. I take it taxpayers appreciate this reduction of taxation. 

The following is the Comptroller's report: 

,-^ -, „ ., JACRs.iNvii.i.E, Fl,^., Feb. 6th, 1895. 

.on. D. U. Fletcher, Mayor. -' 

Dear Sir : Below find information requested. Other than this, there is revenue from fines, 
censes and fees, of some twenty-five to thirty thousand dollars each year. 

Vours respectfully, 
(Signed) Jxo. R. Thukker, 

Con/ptro/lcr. 



1893. 






Board n 
Public 
Works 



and 



'city. Protection. ",',• Be 

13,011,290 $39,033 87 $52,045 16 $9,107 49 $28,9 

1894. 



Special Fire 

Department 

Indebtedness Ta, 



20 $16,785 28 $9,632 80 $155,519 8c 



Yah 



Ordinary 
Corporatior 



Board of 
Public 
Works. 



Wa 



Prote 



nd Fi 



Special 
Interest 
"k Bonds. 



$12,887,840 



,$45,151 70 $28,675 29 

(iO 



Total. 
ii,'a mills. 

75 03 $128,453 4: 



In this connection, I would recommend that steps be taken ImikinL; to |)ractieal exemption 
from taxation of all vessels registered here. 

We get comparatively little from vessel property, anyhow, and if such propertv were not 
taxed at all, I think we would gain immensely thereby. W-ssels would then make tliis their hailing 
port, or domicile. We wouhl do a great deal in building, reijairing, furnishing machiner\- and 
supplies to vessels, for which we have every facility, when now comparatively little is done. 

It may be possible to arrange this some way. (.)ther cities have taken the matter up and 
found it to their advantage. New York State, since i.SSi, has exempted from taxation for State or 
local purposes all vessels registered in the State engaged in foreign cummerce. Penns\-] vania has 
done the same thing. So has I )elawarc. The taxes in Chicagn on such propertv are mcrelv unminal. 
Milwaukee, until lately, imposed no tax, and when she changed her policy many vessels changed 
their domicile to Chicago. Detroit is advocating this policy now, and the subject is worthy of 
consideration, because we have a most desirable port in every wav equipped to answer to all the 
demands of a liome pijrt. 

STREET RAILWAYS. 

Since my last report, all street car lines in the City have brought into use electricitv as their 
motive power. The trollev system is employctl. The service is excellent. .So far, no accidents 
of consequence have occurred in operating the cars, and the change from horse cars to electric cars 
is certainly a long step forward. 

I have heretofore called your uttenti(.)n to the experience in some cities showing that water 
pipes and iron mains of any kind may be destroyed by the action of the electric current unless 
proper precautions are taken. Vou have not thought the subject worthy of serious consideration, 
and I leave it for development. 

LIGHTIX(t. 

The cost of lighting the City and jHiblic buildings heretofore has been about $8,000 per 
annum, as folhnvs ; 

100 gas lamps, at .$30, ......... $.s,ooo 00 

230 "sun vapor" (gasoline) lam])s (supplied by the cit\-), at .$13, . . . 3,000 00 

21 arc lights, at !jii2.5o per month, six months, ..... ii575 00 

Gas in buildings and jail, say, ........ 500 00 

Total, ..... $S,o75 00 

Now the Cit}- has its own electric li.ght plant, and the City is not onl\- lighted as it never was 
before, but tlie cost will be greatly reduced. Consumers will be supplied according to tlic 
following schedule; 

Rkcoki.kk's Office, 
J.ACKsoNviM.K, Fi..\., February 14th, 1895. 

For the information of the public, and by direction of the Board of Public Works, the 
following schedule of prices for installation and fin-nishing lights from the l_"it\- electric ligiit 
plant is published : 

Ixsr.-\i.i..\riON.— For each arc light the sum of ,';i;3 will be charged, and for incandescent 
lights the sum of $2 for each li.ght and an additional sum of tift\- cents for incandescent lamps 
and sockets, which must be procured from the Cit}-. In other words, the total cost to consumers 
for installation, including wires and fixtures complete, ready foi- the li.ght to be turned on, is §3 
per light for arc lights, and ,$2.50 each for incandescent lights. Single incandescent lani]) renewals 
will he made for thirty cents per lam]). 



COST FOR SERVICE. 

Inc.indescent liti'hts, i6 candle p(.i\ver, for residences, 30 cents per month, or $3.50 per year 
for ea.h lii^'lit. 

Incandescent lights, 16 candle power, for business houses and purposes on all-night circuits, 
at 75 cents per month, or $9.03 per year for each light. 

Incandescent lights, 16 candle power, by meter, City to furnish meter in all cases, and for 
installments of only 25 lights or more, at the rate of 7 cents per thousand watts. 

Arc lights, 2,000 candle power, all-night circuits, at §7.50 per light per month, or $90.00 per 
year for each light. 

Arc lights, 2,000 candle power, or midnight circuits, at ,$6. 25 per light per month, or $75.00 
per year for each light. 

No cost will follow for connection with the City plant where installation satisfactory to the 
underwriters already exist, and precedence of ser^•ice will be given to all such applications in the 
regular order of filing the same. 

All orders for installments must be accompanied by the amount of !5!2.5o for each incandescent 
light, and $3.00 for each arc light. 

Bv order of the Board (..f Public Works. Wm. C. West, 

Rironh;\ Secy Ih>ar,i of Public Works. 

Since this offer by the Citv, the Gas Company and the Electric Light Company (practically the 
same) have desisted in efforts to enjoin the City frcjm putting in operation this enterprise for the 
public good long enough to announce that hereafter they will charge $2.50 per thousand feet for 
gas, when they hitherto charged $3, and have reduced the price of electric lights to about one-fourth 
the former price. Of course, this is below the cost of production, it is claimed, and we are not 
promised any long continuance of these prices. 

Two things have surely been accomplished: Our City is splendidly lighted, from the river to 
the utmost limits; consinners are getting better lights at less than half the former cost. I believe 
we may take some pride in this work, especially if private enterprise has not been stifled; and it 
would seem this consequence need not follow. 

The poor and indigent sick are not sufficiently provided for by the City. I do not approve of 
any system which would encourage thriftlessness or reward indolence; but we will soon find it 
necessary to control our own hospital and adopt a plan for giving employment to the needy. An 
experiment has been tried in Detroit, which has more than met the expectation of its originators. 
A committee was appointed to receive donations of vacant lands near the city, and about four 
hundred and thirty acres were accepted. There were three thou.sand applications for lots by the 
unemplo3'ed, but owing to lack of ftmds only nine hundred and forty-five families could be provided 
for. The land was plowed, crops planted, and culti\'ated, and harvested, under the supervision of 
the committee, with the result that the estimated total value of the crops produced was ,$12,000 to 
$14,000 the first year, at a cost to the committee of about $3,600. 

The latter sum was made up by subscription, over one-half being contributed by city employees. 
I believe that such an undertaking would succeed here. One great resiilt would be that work would 
be given to those who need and wish it, and many a family could be supported by the efforts of its 
members, the harmful consequences from and burden of gratuitous aid would be avoided, and there 
is no lack of land which owners woitld rather have cultivated than not. Fertilizers could be supplied 
from the streets and the Cremator. Almost the year round crops could be growing. 

I recommend this matter to your consideration. 

The taxes for the year 1893, collected for State and County purposes in this County, amounted 
to about $98,000. How mitch of that was produced by property in the City limits it is difficult to 
accurately estimate; but for the same year the revenue received by the City amounted to $189,429, 
indicating that a very large proportion of the revenue derived by the County comes from City 
property. Yet the County Commissioners have charge of the hospital located in the City limits, and 



restrict the City to ten patients per month; more than that number we are charo-ed with. I cannot 
see the justice of this. Naturally, most of the indigent sick of the County are found in the City; 
most of the money required in maintaining the hospital comes from City taxpa_vers. In reality, the 
City ought to own the ground and buildings (from which it derives no revenue), and control the 
institution. 

The present arrangement should be reversed in all fairness. Certainly, the City should not be 
charged for the admission of patients, no matter what their number. Some basis of admission 
could be agreed upon, such as nature of applicant's illness, his residence, resources, and the like. 

Several accidents have occurred from more or less careless bicycle riding. There should be an 
ordinance restricting and regulating the use of bicycles in such sort, that within certain limits the 
rider must not use the sidewalks, and when they do, the rate of speed must be limited; thev shciuld 
be required to carry lanterns at night, and speed also prescribed ; alarm bells should be provided, 
and used on approaching crossings ; and in turning from one street to another, the turn should be 
made so as to enter the latter from the side opposite to the one approached. (Jther regulations may 
suggest themselves when you have the ordinance under consideration. 

To this report is attached a memorial page, as a slight testimonial to the memory of those 
co-laborers who have gone to other fields. Judge .Summers died suddenly, almost at the beginning 
of a most promising career, holding at that time the office of United States District Attorney for the 
Southern District of Florida, as well as that of Police Commissioner for the City of Jacksonville. 

William J. Braziel was a faithful fireman, and, as a member of the Fire Department, he was 
always ready, efficient, and true to the demands of his position. He, too, died of natural cau.ses. 

Edward F. Minor was shot down b}' a desperate criminal he was assisting in arresting. As a 
police officer, he was a credit to the force, always displaying the courage and fidelity to duty he 
illustrated on that fateful morning of April yth, 1895. 

Without extending this report by going into details, I would conclude by commending the 
officers, individually and collectively, for their faithful performance of dutv, tlieir diligence, zeal 
and capacity. 

This administration soon passes into history. I believe it may rest upon its record, confident 
of public approval. Whether this be true or not, we submit it to the people, and assure them of one 
fact — our sincerest efforts and best endeavors have been at all times given to our work. If we have 
accomplished something towards the upbuilding of Jacksonville, and the promotion of the welfare 
of this community, there lies our reward. If we have failed to accomplish much that should have 
been realized, it has not been due to unfaithfulness to the trust committed to us. 

(Signed), I). U. Fi.KiLHKk, 



The following- tables are submitted as supplementary to the Comptroller's Report, or that 
portion appearing in the Mayor's ^Message: 

REPORT OF THE CITY COMPTROLLER 

pok iHE Ykar ending Deck.mbkr 3 1ST, 1894. 

RECEH^rS AND DISBURSEMEN rS. 



Ordinary Corporation Purposes, 
Board of Public Works, 
Entire City Judgments, . 
Old City Judgments, . 
Special Interest Account, 
Special Sinking Fund, 
"Water Works and Fire Protection, 
Market Account, 
Special Fire Tax, . 
Total, 



RECEIPTS. 


lUSIHRSEMENlS. 


BALANCES. 


S73.164 


15 


S52,4Si 02 


§20,683 13 


. 231,719 


7S 


220,791 II 


10,928 67 


S.SlI 


75 


S,Sii 75 




520 


00 


520 00 




34,016 


25 


S,7i6 00 


25,300 25 


4,301 


34 




4.301 34 


39.481 


92 


24.797 95 


14,683 97 


I.f.55 


94 






8,502 


59 
72 


7.349 75 


1,152 84 


. S402,I73 


S324.541 68 


S77.632 04 



SOURCES iiK KEVEXt'E. 
From Taxpayers, 1SS6 $310 00 

iSSS S12 34 

1SS9 2,390 <j4 

1S90 1,472 14 

1892 17.294 91 

1893, .... 127,921 47 

1S94 79.012 55 

Total from Taxpayers, . . . $234,480 35 
From Licenses, other than Market, . . 20,691 00 

Market Licenses, 333 00 

Fmes in Municipal Court 3,57200 

Pound Fees 15S 70 

Sundry Fees and Sale of Mules, etc., . . 1,041 36 

Sidewalk Collections 1,449 09 

Paving Collections 2,437 §9 

Rent of Armory 640 00 

Bond Trustees for Cr. B'd of Public Works. 120,840 00 

Balance on hand January ist, 1S94, . . 14.415 67 

Total, $402,173 72 



REVENUE ASSE-. 



Due from Taxpayt 



" •• •• 1S89, . 

1890, 
1891, . 

•• " " 1893, . 

1894, 
Total due by Taxpayers, 
Due from Sidewalks Laid, . 
Balance on Hand in Treasurer's Office, 

Recorder's " (Con 

Total Assets, $223, 

Liabilities, . . . -17. 

E.xcess of Assets over Liabilities, . $205, 



406 


25 


074 


58 


021 


81 


340 


S3 


543 


79 


056 46 


017 


50 


925 


58 


.440 


87 


.827 


67 


.256 98 


,632 


04 


,500 


00 



Board of Public Works, .... $15,023 79 

Judgments, Entire City, .... 2,826 82 

Old City 106 00 

Total $17,956 61 



CNSKS OF FIRE DEPAI 



Salaries, 

Ordinary Expenses, 
Purchase of Hose, 
Insurance, 



Total, 



SUM.MARV. 

Total Expenses for Ordinary Corporation, 
" Board of Public Works, 
" " " Fire Department, 

" Inspection of Markets, 

Total Expenses for Year, 



i!53.395 14 

231,413 62 

31.167 54 

1,074 10 

$317,050 40 



RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS 
FiiR THE Year exuixg January ^isr. 1894. 



DEI 



To Tax Collections, . . . . 883,498 82 

Paving Collections 2,437 Sg 

Sidewalk Collections, .... 1.449 09 

Old Department, 3.205 96 

Interest, 1893, 3.947 63 

Ordinary Corporation Purposes, . . 10.000 00 

Old City Judgments 7S 14 

Entire City Judgments, .... 2S1 00 

Bonds, ....... 120,840 00 

Sale of Shell, JIules, Building, and Rent 

of Armory, 981 25 

$231,719 78 



Salaries, Members Board of Public Works, Si. 200 00 

City Engineer, . . . i,j6S S3 

Assistant Engineer, . , . 1,583 60 

Topographical Survey, .... 3,778 98 

Salary City Janitor 502 58 

Guards Chain Gang, . . 1,256 72 

City Jailor 556 50 

" Carpenter, .... 751 59 

" Teamsters, .... 2,914 92 

Burial of Paupers, ..... 323 20 

Removal of Garbage, .... 6,789 57 

Lighting Streets and Public Buildings, 7,971 66 

Operating Cremator 4.015 23 

Feed and Care of Horses, .... 2,256 So 
Repairs Carts, Harness, Shoeing Horses, 617 73 

Rent of Office and Market, . . . 1,99992 

Rent of City Jail, 720 00 

Repairs to City Jail 77 46 

Fuel for Jail and City Offices, . . . 10850 

Feed of Prisoners, 1.423 01 

Inspections, Repairing and PaintingViaduct, 3,954 33 
Care and Clothing Prisoners, . . . 201 75 
Renumbering and Renaming Streets, . . 344 12 
F'ostage, Telegrams, Insurance, etc., . 725 22 

Maintenance and Repairs of Paved Streets, 53 45 

Shelled '■ 1,607 82 

" Other " 5,455 09 
'• Sawdust " 100 So 

Planting Trees, 503 85 

Improving and Care of Parks, . . 5.107 50 

Repairs of Bulkheads, .... 122 10 

Paving Streets. ..... 103,364 72 

Printing and Stationery, .... 555 77 

Bridges and Culverts 3,390 65 

Maintenance and Repairs of Street Crossings, 747 14 
Drainage and Care of Sewers, . . 3.4 > 3 97 

Extending Sewers 9.6S4 16 

Purchase of Garbage Plant, . . . 3.231 62 

Account of Cremator Lot, .... 1,59000 
Public Building ..... 44.962 22 
Improving and Care of Cemetery, . . 434 60 
Replacing Horses, ...... 605 44 

Sidewalks 4,698 47 

Electric Light Plant S40 50 

$236,112 og 



CITY FINANCES AND TAXATION. 




HE good faith of the City in discharging its obligations entitles it to exceptional financial 
confidence. Previous to the war, a bonded debt of $50,000 was incurred, to aid in the 
construction of the Florida, Atlantic & Giilf Central Railroad, leading westward into 
the interior of the [State. During the war, and the few years of intense depression 
immediately following, the interest accumulated largely on these bonds. Jacksonville 
had been occupied almost continuously as a military post by one or the other of the contending 
forces, and when the war closed nearly all the public buildings were in ashes, and the town was a 
mere waste. Under these circtmistances, it would not have been strange had the people of 
Jacksonville followed the example of other cities and towns similarly situated, and either wholly 
repudiated or scaled their corporate debt. Not only was this not done, however, but repudiatiiin of 
the whole or any part of the debt was not even suggested. 

With commendable energy the old citizens, uniting with men of enterprise and capital fnan all 
parts of the country, took hold vigorously of the problem of re-building the City and re-establishing 
its prosperity on a solvent and permanent basis. The City was without a government, and without 
a dollar in the treasury; the people were without homes, and had no money from which to contribute 
to its support; churches and school houses were to be restored; shattered dwellings were to be 
repaired, or new ones erected; saw mills were to be built on the site of the mills that had been 
burned; hotels were to be put up and furnished ; places of business were to be provided and stocked; 
sidewalks to be put down, and the City renovated and purified. 

All of this was done, and every dollar of the old debt, principal and interest, pr(.>vided for. 
More than this, in January, of 1878, the City issued $250,000 of new bonds, known as "Sanitary 
Improvement Bonds of the City of Jacksonville," bearing eight per cent, interest, and payable 
twenty years from their date, or at any time after two years on notice to the holders. These bonds 
were designed for and applied to the construction of a system of public works for the City, including 
water works, sewers, and sanitary drainage. They served their purpose, the interest was paid 
promptly, and the bonds have been called in for cancellation. These facts speak well for the good 
faith, energy and solvency of Jacksonville and its business men. 

As has been recorded elsewhere, the City voted $1,000,000 in bonds in 1893, and the legaUty of 
the issue is being tested in the courts as this article is written. So far, they have been sustained in 
all the courts, and the case is now pending in the Supreme Court of the United States. There is 
little doubt of their being sustained there also. These bonds sold at par value, and draw but five per 
cent, interest. This is indicative of the fine credit enjoyed by the City in financial circles. More 
than this, the bonds were sold under a contract to defer delivery until the money should be needed, 
thus making a saving of more than $30,000 to the taxpayers. 

It is interesting to note the increase of values, during the last decade, in City property, as well 
as the reduction in taxes. The last ten years have seen greater improvement in Jacksonville than 
all her previous history can show. 

In 18S5 the total valuation of City property, real and personal, was . $3,271,910. 

In 1894, nine years later, the assessed valuation was . . . $12,887,840. 

In 1885 the tax levy was ....... 20 mills. 

In 1895 the tax levy was ....... 1 1 i'b mills. 

Reference to the Comptroller's Report, in the Mayor's Message, shows detailed informatinn on 
these points. 

That the financial department of the City has been conducted most ably and wisely no one will 
question. Each year calls for a greater outlay of funds for public improvements, and each year 
brings a reduction to the taxpayers. A happy c<indition. 



POPULATION. 




|HE population uf Jacksonville is variously estimated. 'I'here has not been a ret^'ular 
systematic census taken since the Government Census of 1890, which was so manifestly 
unjust that it is scarcely to be taken into account. It showed a population of a little 
more than 17,000, but all well informed persons agree that this Avas far below the real 
figure. The Sanitary Patrol for 1894 gives the population as something more than 
26,000, whereas Webb's l)ircctiiry for the same year makes it aliout .:;.:;, 000. The directory count is 
a computation based upnn the numlicr ni names in the directory. The directory is supposed to 
contain the names of all male adults, widows, and such wmnen as are engaged in business for 
themselves. These are supposed to constitute, in Jacksonville, about one-fourth the population; 
but in old, long settled communities, such as may be found in New England, onlv about one-sixth, 
and in others still, one-fifth, and so on. To multiply the names in the directory, then, by the figure 
4, is believed by many to give a fair estimate of the population. It may be, liowex-er, that there 
is an excess of bachelors in Jacksonville, and that 31,^ would be a conservative multiple; certainly, it 
should not be less than that. Webb's Directory for 1895 contains 10,334 names, which, multiplied 
by 31.1, gives a population of 36,169. Certainly, the population is not below this figure; and, if 

iwing the ])opulation tor each vcar since 
>ued, computing four persons for every 
, when 31, is used as the multiple: 

30.000 

30,540 

-,0,617 



multiplied bv 4, it would be 41.336 


. Followmgi. 


a 


table si 


1878, as shown by Webb's Direct 


>rv in the veai 


s 


t was i 


name in the directory, except for t 


lie issues of 18 


)4 


and 1S9 


1878, .... 


1 2,170 




18.S9, 


1880, .... 


■ 13.470 




1890, 


1882, .... 


■5.904 




1891, 


1884, .... 


■ i''^.740 




1892, 


1886, .... 


-0,712 




■•^9.?. 



1887, 

1888, . 

The loss of over 



,^0.444 
588 was dm. 



31,1 .So 
34.400 
.i3.95o 
36.169 



e terrible fe\-er epidemic of that year, which 
frightened away large numbers of persons, many of whom did not return for some years, and some 
not at all. The discrepancy between the years 1893 and 1894 is on account of changing the multiple 
from 4 to 3;,. The year 1887 marked the largest increase in population of any other on record; 
that year, according to Webb's Directory, the increase was sixty-five per cent. That the figures 
may not be wholly accurate does not alter the fact tliat in 1887 tlie City received an impetus in 
material growth and prosperity which, liad it not lieen for the epidemic the succeeding year, would 
have carried it far ahead of what it reall\- is. As it was, ever\' interest sustained a shock and check 
that it recjuired years to overcome. It is only within the past three years that Jacksonville may be 
said to have overcome the effects of that great disaster, and regained her lost gr(juncl. It is 
confidently believed now that our sanitarv arrangement is such that it will be impossil)le for the 
epidemic of 1888 ever to be repeated. 



BUILDINGS HRHCTHD IN 1804. 



P</^|'^CCC)RDIX( 

N/ fflBl ^' Jacksonville, during the year I 



e Chief Sanitary Inspector, there 
I94, new Iniiklings of a total valuati 
The whole number of buildings erected was 318. Of tliis number i 
aggregated a cost of $1,071,200. The others were dwellings. Xo - 
jircvious histor_\- of Jacksonville can show such a record. It is a 
mind sijeaks volumes for the future of the Cit\-. 



] business houses 
ither \-ear in the 
record that to a 



FIRE LOSSES, 1804. 




HE report of the Chief of thi 
responded to one hundred 
The property at risk was estimated at 
The actual losses aggregated 
Can any other city equal this record ? 



Fire Department shows that, during 1894, the Department 
,nd fortv-livc fire alarms. 



IO,Qo8. 



MORTALITY REPORT. 




HE total number of deaths from all causes, for each month during the past year, and 
also the number who died elsewhere, died of violence, and non-residents, is, according 
to the report of City Health Oificer, Claude Joyner, as follows: 

I 



Janimiy. . 

February, 

March, 

April, . 

May, 

lune, 

July. 

August. 

September, 

October, 

November, 

December, 



which, reckoning the population at 

cent. , placing Jacksonville very high 

If the deaths of non-residents are 

number of deaths during 1894, 366 
ths from anv one disease was from 



Totals, . . .32 71 

The number of deaths of residents is shown to be 465. 
36,169, shows the death rate to be a little more than ten per 
among the healthy cities of the country, if not at the very top. 
considered, the percentage is nearly eighteen. Of the total 
were negroes, and 240 whites. The greatest number of dea 
consumption — 109 — of which about one-half were n(.)n-residents, who delayed their coming to the 
healing climate of Florida until too late to be benefited by it. 

There was no single case of yellow fever reported during the year, and, in fact, there has been 
none since 1888. Of infectious and contagious diseases, there were four cases of small-pox imported, 
and a few cases of scarlet fever. The City is uniformly healthy, and every precaution is exercised 
to keep it so. 

An interesting study is found in the following record of births and deaths during 1894: 



Births, 
Deaths, 



White. 
236 
194 



367 



Male. 


Female 


349 


= 54 


324 


237 



It shows that while the whites have gained by births 42, the negroes remain exactly where 
they were, showing an equal number of births and deaths. While the natural increase among the 
negroes is greater than that of the whites, the death rate is equally so, which maintains relatively 
about the same ratio in the population of the two races. This table will about average up with 
other vears. 



THE JACKSONVILLE BOARD OF TRADE. 




undertaking 



^%^^\^'|( ) ( )R(tAXIZATI( )X has dune more for the material prnuress and advancement of th 
City tlian has the Jacks. mville Board >>{ Trade. Composed as it is of Jacksonville's 
leading business men, it has labored earnestly and zealously, ever since its organization 
in 1884, not only for the good of the City, but its strong influence has been given to 
many matters of public import affecting the welfare of the entire State and nation. 
The men composing this organization have put their shunldcrs in the wheel as one man. and 
many an enterprise has been lifted from a small and tnttering existence when about to fall for want 
of the support of a strong hand, and has been placed on the road to success and prosperitv. This 
has been done in many instances, and scores of other enterprises have found a birthplace within the 
Board of Trade, and have been given to the public under its auspices, and fathered by it until 
brought ti> a successful issue. 

1 which the Board has taken an interest would be a task l)eyond 
the limits of a brief history, but a resume of its accomplish- 
ments will be of interest just at this time, when one of its 
greatest undertakings has been brought to a successful close, 
that of deepening the St. Johns River from the bar to the 
City, and alsd of the Government jetty work at the bar, 
which latter, while not originating with the Board, has had 
its strong indorsement and hearty support. Indeed, it has 
been largely due to its influence and the zealous watchfulness 
displayed that this w.irk has been brought forward as speedilv 
as it has. 

The first meeting for the organization of a Board of 

Trade was held at the office- of J. O. Burbridge, January 

,:;oth, 1884. Prior to this time a somewhat similar organization 

had existed, but for some reason or other had failed to live. 

About twenty of the business men of the City, who felt the 

necessity of such an organization, were present at the first 

meeting, and after a general discussion of the matter a 

resolution was formally adopted, declaring that the interests of 

Jacksonville demanded the organization of a Board of Trade. 

A committee, cc insisting of Jacob Hui?, James R. Challcn 

and J. E. Hart, were accordingly appointed to prepare an 

address to the citizens of the City, asking their co-operation in 

organizing the proposed Board. Dr. A. S. Baldwin, [ohnClark, 

J. R. Challcn, John 1'. Varnum and Leopold KurJhgott were 

also ajipointed as a committee I ' 

Another meeting was held 

members enrolled. The officers 

Drew, Ex-Cjovernor of I'lorida; Vice-President, J. I. Danie 



H"^ 


^^^^^..- .-^ 


^^#^>:.^ 


IE 


^ 



first officers were elected and forty 
George F. Drew, Ex-Governor of 1' 
John P. Varnum; Board of Govt 
J. O. Burbridge, George C. Wilson. 

The constitution of the Boar 
1). G. Ambler, Whitfield Walker, 



i'ere 
; Set 



t suitable resolutions. 
)ruary i8th, when the 
s follows: President, 
etarv and Treasurer, 



.-pared by the 
ones, Charles 



.M. 



M. A. Dz 



.-nski 



tollowing eomniittce : 
Benedict and I. R. C 



Mc( 



constitution was adopted May 14th, 1SS4, and the broad basis on which the Board has worked duriny- 
these years may be seen from the objects set forth in the constitution, as follows : 

The objects of this Board of Trade shall be to foster, encourage and develop the mercantile 
and manufacturing interests of Jacksonville and its suburbs; to collect, preserve and circulate useful 
information concerning the City, its trade, industries and advantages ; to study the workings of the 
great systems of transportation, upon which our commercial and industrial prosperity so much 
depends, and to endeavor to 
remedy, by all proper means, the 
defects and abuses therein, so far 
as they injuriously affect our in- 
terests; to obtain fair and equit- 
able rates of freight to and from 
Jackst)nville, and prevent, if pos- 
sible, discriminations in favor of 
other cities; to secure the abate- 
ment of vexatious and unjust 
overcharges, and insure prompt 
settlements of damages on goods 
shipped; to encourage wise and 
needful legislation, and oppose 
the enactment of laws which 
might injurinusly affect mir man- 
ufacturing and commercial inter- 
ests; to agree upon commercial 
forms and regulations; to pro- 
mote integrity, fair dealing and 
good faith among, and adjust 
and determine disputes and dif- 
ferences between, business men ; 
to inculcate the highest principles 

of honor, equity, and business '"' .iai KsnN\ ii.i.k hoard of ikadf,. 

morality in the community: to 

forward the improvement of our river and harbor and approaches thereto, the erection of needful 
public buildings, and the SAvift transportation and speedy and accurate delivery of mails, by using 
our utmost of influence to secure from the general Government that share of the national 
appropriations to which we are justly entitled; and, generally, to strive with united effort to 
increase the wealth, industries, influence, trade, and population of the City of Jacksonville and 
its suburbs. 

The Board of Trade has the ad\-antage of being an organization prepared for prompt action 
upon any matter aftecting the public welfare, without having to assemble in mass meeting, organize, 
adopt a constitution, elect offlcei's and appoint committees before getting at the business in hand. 

The late Col. J. J. Daniel, a man eminent in every virtue, and the first Vice-President of the 
Board, said of that body : 

"The Jacksonville Board of Trade is rapidly assuming the dignity and influence Avhich should 
of right characterize it. Your Board is composed of representative men of all departments of 
business life, tradesmen, merchants, representatives of the railway and steamship lines, 
manufactories, bankers and professional men. (hie of the marked peculiarities of your City is its 
cosmopolitan character. You have intelligent and educated men from all sections of the c(.iuntry, 
and of every shade of political, social and religious sympathies and culture. The rapid and steady 
growth of your City in numbers and wealth has induced men of force and energy to come among 
you, each having his particular interest to ad\'ance, and contributing withal to the thrift and power 
of the whole. To this influx of diverse elements, and the active and aggressive rivalry engendered 




thereby, is to be ascribed that intense individualism which has been a marked characteristic of 
yimr commnnity. 

" To reduce these active and enterprisiny individual factors tu an effective and harmonious 
union has been, and is, one of the chief functions of this Board. Alreadv has this obiect been 
largely achieved. Results have been accomplished by your united councils and efforts which could 
never before have been reached by individual action, however energetic and well devised — not by 
combined efforts, however well arranged, without organization and the mutual understanding and 
co-operation which is its product. I cannot impress upon you too strongly the vahie to the City of 
Jacksonville, and to your personal interests as involved in the prosperity oi your City, of united 
councils and labors for the common weal." 

A just encomium was recently pronounced upon it by a gentleman cc.innected with the 
government of the State, about as follows: 

" The Jacksonville Board of Trade is the most influential unofficial organization in the State of 
Florida, and whenever any communication is received by, or any of its representatives appear 
before, the Legislature, they always command respect, for they carry great weight.'" 

How well the members of the Board of Trade have succeeded in the work that has been 
planned, is shown by the record that has been made during the ten years of its existence. Among 
the first things that the Board lent its influence to was the securing of an appropriation for a .signal 
service station in Jacksonville, which was successfully dcmc. 

RkIIUCTION ok R.ill.ROAll R.A.TKS. 

Other things that were done by the Board during the first year of its existence, were the securing 
of_a reduction of transportation rates and a continuance (.>f the fast mail service that was then threatened 
to be withdrawn. In April, of that year, the Southern Press Associatii:)n was entertained by the 
Board, and the erection of a Government Building in Jacksonville was first agitated. Congress was 
asked to make an appropriation for that purpose. It was not imtil 1886, however, that the first 
appropriation was secured, and a lot purchased upon which to erect a building. Action was also 
taken with regard to having the mail service on the river improved, and agitation was commenced 
t(nvard extending the Baltimore & Ohio telegraph lines fr<:im Savannah to Jacksonville, in order to 
force the Western Union to give lower rates. The paving of Bay Street in a substantial manner 
was agitated in September of that j-ear, and in November the cpiestion of adopting a standard time 
was brought before the people. 

In 1885 the Board of Trade again ui-ged the establishment of a State Railroad Commission, and 
a resolution was passed and sent to the Florida Alembers of Congress, urging them to work for an 
adecjuate appropriation for the continuance of the United .States signal service rejjorts. 

The Board also continued its efforts toward getting the churches, .schools and public bodies in 
the City to adopt a standard time, and an effort was made to secure an increase in the post-office 
force, which was inadequate to the growing demands of the City. A protest was issued against a 
proposed increase in instirance rates in the City, and tlie Board also commenced negotiations for the 
establishment of a direct steamship line to Xew York. This was secured in the following year, 
when the Clyde Line was established, and the first ship steamed ujs the river to the docks amid the 
boom of cannon and a general jubilee in honor of the beginning of what has proved to lie one of the 
most important of Jacksonville's shipping interests. 

The eft'orts of the Board were directed with unceasing vigilance toward securing appropriations 
from Congress for the deepening of the St. Johns bar, and delegations were sent to Washington 
from time to time for this end. Efforts were also made toward appropriations for the new public 
building, and after much delay this was secured and the lot purchased. Through the influence 
of the Board a paid fire department was organized in the City, and this important service much 
improved. 

Through the efforts of the Board a Ix.nded warehouse was located in _ 
Ciovernment, and an effort was also made to make Jacksonville a cotton m.arkel 
taken toward the establishment of telegraph lines and signal stations at Jupiter 

71 



ksoi 


iville by the 


Act 


ion was also 


let. 


I"i)rl Ceorge, 



and other points in the City, which was accomplished in 1891. The Ley;islatui"e was memorialized 
to prevent the repeal of the law creating a State Board of Health, and also to defeat a harbor 
master's bill, both being- successful. The location of Little Brothers' Fertilizer Factory was secured 
to Jacksonville in 1890, and a grand trade display was given under the auspices of the Board of 
Trade at the opening of the Sub-Tropical Building. 

The Board also took steps with regard to improving the efficiency of the lire department, and 
securing a reduLtion of insurance rates. There is now no better equipped or more efficient fire 
department in any Snuthern city of its size than that of Jacksonville; and while all has not yet been 
accomplished that is expected in obtaining moi'e satisfactory insurance rates, yet some concessions 
have been obtained from the South-Eastern Tariff Association, whereby the rate of insurance has 
been cheapened. 

Torrey's natiimal bankrupt bill was indorsed, as well as bills for the prevention of food 
adulteration and for greater safeguards in protecting the merchant marine. A committee was 
appointed to secure the proper representation at the World's Fair, and the bonding of the City for 
improvements was urged by the Board. The bonding of 
Duval County for the improvement of the river was a project 
of immense importance to the port of Jacksonville. The 
United States Government had expended about $1,000,000 
upon jetties at the mouth of the St. Johns River, but 
the advantages thereof were nut available t" the port, 
because of a long shallow reach in the river between 
Jacksi>n\'ille and the sea. For the deepening of this part of 
the river no appropriati(ins had been made, and as the 
United .States Government had consumed eleven years in the 
jetty work, the probability of its commencing improvements 
at the point referred to seemed very remote. The Secretary 
of the Board n{ Trade suggested and advocated the plan of 
b(.)nding Duval County for a sufficient amount to accomplish 
the work of deepening the river, until the Board of Trade 
was induced to take the matter in hand, and through its 
influence the Legislature authorized the County to bond 
itself for ,$300,000, subject to the apjjroval of the voters, 
which having been obtained at an election held December 
3d, 1 89 1, the work was begun under the supervision and in 
accordance with the plans of the United States Government 
Engineers. The work was completed in June, 1893, ^^'^ the 
result is a channel t\v<> hundred feet wide and eighteen feet 

deep from Jacksnnville to the mouth of the St. Johns River. ch.akmcs h. smith. 

The Board has not rested upon its laurels, but is exerting seckeiwry j.^ck^.in\ h.lk i;maki> of tk. 

its influence to secure further appropriations from the United 

States Government to deepen the channel to twenty-four feet, in accordance with the plans and 
estimates submitted to the Secretary of War by Major Th(.)mas H. Handbury, the resident United 
States Engineer. 

In 1887 the Board of Trade promulgated a new charter for the City, which extended its 
boundaries, and made the rapidly growing suburbs a part of the municipal corporation. A 
commission was subsequently appointed for dividing the City into nine wai-ds, which was done. As 
is well known, this charter was afterward repealed by the passage of what was known as House 
Bill No. 4, although the Board of Trade entered a strong protest. Li April, 1S93, a new City 
Charter was prepared by the Board, and passed the State Legislature substantially as proposed by 
the Board. It restored the elective franchise to the people of Jacksonville. One of the marked 




features of this bill is the Australian Ballot System which it establishes 
In the same year the Board raised $4,000 from among its membe 



the City elections. 

for the shelling of streets. 



a similar sum having been voted for this purpose by the Board of County Commissioners. The 
members also continued their efforts along the various lines of public interest, and in 1888, among 
other things done, a royal reception was given to President and Mrs. Cleveland, on their visit to the 
City, in July of that year. Nearly $4,000 was expended in this celebration, and it was one of the 
most successful things of its kind ever attempted in this City. 

Among the subjects that have claimed the attention of the Board has been the reorganization 
of the military companies, also fathered by the Board, to which body is largely due the credit for its 
having been accomplished. 

Massey's Business College is one of the institutiims which was induced to locate in |acks<_inville 
by the Board of Trade. It has been a success from the mUset. 

There are many other matters on which the Board has taken action and has given its influence. 
To give a complete list of all the things the Board has done would be to give a history of lacksunville, 
so closely has the Board come in touch with all the City's interests. 

The Board now has handsome quarters at the Union Building, corner ]\Iain and Adams Streets, 
which was erected last year, at a cost of $25,000, by the combined efforts of the lioard i>f Trade, the 
Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the City Library Association. The Board of Trade 
occupies a large room on the ground floor at the south-east corner of the building, which it fitted up 
with every convenience for the holding of meetings and transaction of the business of the Board. 

The f<.)llowing is a list of the Presidents since the organization of the Board : 

Hon. (George F. Drew. 1891-2, . . . :\Ir. J. S. Fairhead. 

. Colonel J. J. Daniel. 1893-4, • ■ ■ Mr. A. B. Campbell. 

Colonel j. E. Hart. 1895, . . . Dr. A. S. Baldwin. 
. :\Ir. J. N. C. Stockt.in. 

;iwing gentlemen have rilled the offices of both Secretary and Treasurer: 



1S89-95, ...... 

The membership of the B(.)ard of Trade is composed 
men of the City. The work of the Board is divided up 
which looks after its respective department. 

There are no social or political features connected with the Board of Trade in anv way, and its 
members give their time, money and influence simply for the general welfare of the Citv. That it 
has been of great service in this connection in the past is shown by the work performed, and it is 
deserving of the heartiest support and co-operation of all citizens who have the interest of 
Jacksonville at heart. 



18S4-5. 


1886-7, . 


I8S8-9, 


1890, 


The f( 


1884-5, ■ 


1886-8, 





John P. \'arnum. 




. James SI. Fairlie. 




Charles H. Smith. 


if the leading 


business and professional 


imong the va 


rious committees, each oi 



THE ST. JOHNS RIVER. 




with fine felicity, that Ei;-ypt is a gift of the Nile. In a 
ise it may be said that Jacksonville is a gift of the commerce- 

This splendid stream, like the Nile and the Red River of the North, flows 

northward. From its source to its outlet the distance, in a straight line, is about one 

hundred and eighty miles, but so winding is the course of the stream that, although it follows, with 

no great variation, its general dirocticm of north north-west, yet by its channel it is more than four 

hundred miles in length. 

The beginning of the St. Johns River is first traceable in the so-called Big Cypress Swamp, 
that lies in the western part of Brevard County, but the chief sources of the great stream are the 
innumerable lakes that lie all along the valley of the eastern water-shed of the peninsula. These 
lakes are commonly many miles in circumference, and arc surrounded by extensive prairies, over 
which roam thousands of cattle. 

Owing to the evenness of altitude of the peninsula, and the presence of these numerous great 
lakes that, with their margins of sloping prairie land, form natural reservoirs for the receipt of the 
immediate rainfall and the drainage of the surrounding country, the rise and fall of the river is 
regulated by nature, and dwellers along the habitable banks of the stream have nothing to fear from 
disastrous overflows. 

In the mountainous country spring freshets, or an unusual rainfall, cause great volumes of 
water to be precipitated down the declivities of the land, forming a torrent which the river banks 
cannot anywhere confine. On the Peninsula of Florida, however, there are no moiintains, 
conseciuently no torrents. The drainage of the land goes on more slowly, because the fall is less 
abrupt. The water gathers in the lakes, which rise and expand in their natural basins, and are 
drained ofl^ gradually by the overflowing river. 

The St. Johns River has been called a "chain of lakes," and this is true of it from its first 
definite beginning in Bonnet Lake to as far north as Lake George, but from thence to its mouth the 
river does not vary enough in width to answer that description. Not only does the river flow 
titrougli innumerable lakes, but along its course other lakes empty into it. 

Commercially, the St. Johns River may be divided into three sections, known respectively as 
the Port of St. Johns, the St, Johns River proper, and the Upper St. Johns. 

The Port of St. Johns is tliat part of the river used by sea-going vessels, and extends from the 
ocean to Jacksonville, a distance, in a sti-aight line, of fifteen miles, or, by the river channel, of 
twentv-five miles. 

The second division, or St. Johns River proper, extends from Jacksonville southward to Lake 
Monroe, a distance, in a straight line, of one hundred miles, or, by the river, of two hundred miles. 
This part of the river lies through a most fertile, salubrious and populous country, and is that part 
of the river devoted to palace steamers, rapid transit, fast mails, fashionable travel and an extensive 
c<.>mnicrcc. 

The Upper St. Johns, or, as some call it, "the crooked river above Lake Monroe," was 
formerly used chiefly as an outlet for the fertile Indian River section. Back of the famous 
Rockledge hammock, on the Indian River, lies Lake Florence, opening through Lake Poinsett into 
the Upper St. Johns. From the Indian River to Lake Florence the distance is but two and a half 
miles, and across this narrow divide was carried the commerce of the Indian River country. 

Since the completion of the Jack.sonville, »St. Augustine & Indian River and the Jacksonville, 
Tampa & Key West Railways, however, this commerce has been diverted from the river to rail 
routes, and river commerce south of Sanford is insignificant. 

The distance from Lake Monroe to Lake Florence, in a straight line, is less than fifty miles. 




but by the river it is one liimdred and liftv m 
small steamers are empb i\-L-d 
not only at each end of t 
Titnsvillc, at Lake Harne- 



A number of 
on til is upper river, and find business 
line, lint at Salt Lake, opposite 
Lake Jesup. and elsewhere alono" 



Ab< 



mti. 



or south of Lake Poinsett are other lakes and many 
L-r, but the country alonsr the route is mostly adapted 
and is not thickly enou,i;-h settled to be of present 
immerce. 



RR'ER COMMERCE. 
Wlien the railroads that parallel the St. Johns River were 
biiih. It was believed that the river commerce would be practically 
dcstr(i\cd; but the yearly increase of shipments from the section 
penetrated by the river has kept this business tip to a fair average. 
Accurate statistics of the commerce of the St. Johns River 
cannot be given, because of the reticence maintained by the 
managers of steamboat lines concerning their business. It is, 
hnwever, very large. An immense amount of freight passes 
annually through Lake Monroe. The S.nith El.irida Railroad 
begins at Sanford and runs to Tampa, on the (lulf of Mexico, 
where it connects with New ( )rleans. coastwise and ELivana 
steamships. It has also a branch to Bartow. It lies through 
four of the richest counties in Florida, a number of important 
towns and extensive orange groves. It has an immense future in 
the results of the great drainage operations now going forward 
along the Kissimmee River, which important stream it connects 
with at Kissimmee City, on Lake Tohopekaliga. The immediate 
vicinity of Sanford, and of Enterprise on the opposite side of Lake 
Monroe, are thickly settled and famed for their orange groves. 

Below the lake are important towns, and at Astor a railwav 
extends to the great lake country, in Lake County, and near the 
borders of Sumter, Marion and Orange Counties. 

Pjctween Lake George and Palatka the country, which is one 
of unusual fertility and beauty, is quite densely populated, and 
contains innumerable little towns. 

At Palatka the Florida Southern Railway begins, extending 
westward to Gainesville and southward to Orange L.ike, ( )cala, 
Leesburg, Brooksville, etc., and connecting with tlu' two great 
railway systems of the State, the Savannah, I-lorida \- Western 
and the Florida Railway & Navigation Company's roads. 
Conneciion is made at Palatka also with the Jacksonville, St. 
Augustine cV Indian River Railway, eastward to St Augustine, 
and southward to I )aytona. Ormond. Titusville. and the Indian 
River and Lake Worth regions. 

Near Palatka, the St. Johns receives the famed Ocklawaha, 
a long, circuitous river, coming up from the heart of Marion and 
Sumter Counties, rich in groves. A daily line of steamers is 
employed nearly all the year upon the Ocklawaha. 

The St. Johns, with its various tributaries, furnishes nearly 
one thousand miles of inland navigation. The Clyde Steamship 
Coini)any. in addition to this, have a line between |;icksonville 



and New York, touching;- at Chai 
to the season, and the full voyai 
this line see chapter im Transp< 



ieston. They run two, thre- 
e is made in about si.xty-fivi 
•tation. 



md four steamers per week, according 
lours. For full particulars regarding 



RIVER AXE) HARBOR IMPR( )VE^[EXTS. 

Operations for the improvement of the channel over the bar at the mouth of the St. Johns 
River, bv means of converging low-water jetties, have been going forward since the year 1879. 

The plan of improvement essentiall\- cmhsisIs in the construction of two low jetties built of 
rip-rap stone, supported by a foundation mattress or platform of logs, with a mattress hearting 
wherever found practicable, to reduce the cost of the work. 

Of the two plans discussed the more comprehensive one was adopted. This plan provided for 
the construction of two long jetties, starting from the opposite shores of the entrance and extending 
seaward across the bar. It was intended thereby to establish a mid-channel depth of fifteen feet at 
mean low water. The usual available low water depth over the bar in its unimproved condition was 
six feet, more or less, with a mean rise and fall of tide of about tivc feet. The cost of this project 
was estimated at $1,306,409. 

In order to secure the full benefit of an increased low water depth (in the bar, as contemplated 
by the project, it was necessary to improve some defective reaches of river between the bar and the 
City of Jacksonville. 

To accomplish this, it was necessary to have more funds than were available from the 
Government appropriations. Accordingly, in 1891, the County of Duval, by popular vote, issued 
$300,000 in bonds for dredging and improving the river, by deepening the channel between the 
City and the bar. 

The bonds sold readily and at a premium, as will be seen by the following; 

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS. 
1S92. 
Cash from National Bank of Jacksonville, for $50,000 20-40 6 per 

premium, 

Cash from Rev. A. W. Knight, $50,000 20-40 5"< per cent. Bonds at if 

1S93. 
Cash from Rev. A. \V. Knight, $50,000 20-40 5;< per cent. Bonds at i>i per cent, premium, . 50.S12 50 
Cash from Rev. A. W. Knight, S50.000 20-40 s'4 per cent. Bonds at i}i per cent, premium, . 50,812 50 
Cash from Rev. A. W. Knight, §25,000 20-40 sji per cent. Bonds at 1 5^ per cent, premium, . 25,406 25 



July I 
Nov. 

Feb. : 
Apr. : 
June 
Nov. 



cent. Bonds at 4^'jj per 
per cent, premiu 



Cash from Merchants' Na 
per cent, premium. 



lal Bank of Jacksonville, $50,000 20-40 5 '/< per cent. Bonds at 



May 15. 



per cent. Bonds at 



per cent, premium, 
July 30. Cash for launch Fairhead, sold, 
Aug. 23. Cash for Transit, sold. 
Cash for Desk, sold. 
Cash for Letter Press, sold. 


25,187 50 

400 00 

13 00 


Total, 


S305.792 77 


The entire issue was taken up by Ik 


ime capital. The following well known citizens comprised 


the Board of Trustees of the fund: 




John S. Fairheah, President. 

D. G. Ambler, 
Geo. S. Wilson, 

E. W. GiLLEN, 


Joel D. Mead, Max Hirschman, 
Dexter Hunter, R. B, Archiuald, 
J. H. Durkee, Wm. M. Ledwmii, 
E.C. Pickett, A. B. Camphell. 


Also these, whfj were Trustees, but 


resigned at various times, and Mr. Eugene Bigelow, who 


died in 1893 : 




W. A. AI..AMS, 
Jno. C. Cooper, 


Davh) Kemps, Charles H. S>uth, Secretary, 
E. M. Randall, J. H. Bacon, Engineer. 



The wiirk was cninplcted in tl 
channel fnmi Jacksonville td the ba 
feet of water. 

The following' summary of tlisl 



any part ot i 
lows a depth 



•ments sIk 



th the most satisfactory result 
lowest i^oint of n(jt less than i 



nionev was 



Advertising for bids, and bonds for sale, etc., ..... 

Rents of Engineers' offices at Jacksonville and New ISerlin, and of Bank boxes. 
Office supplies for Secretary, Engineer, including printing of bonds and vouchers, lei 
Engineers' instruments and incidental expenses of surveying, etc.. 
Launch Fairhead, cost, repairing and running expenses, .... 

Pay roll. Engineers and Assistants, and Secretary, .... 

Attorneys' fees, and costs of suits, ....... 

Bank discount on §2. 600, borrowed prior to sale of bonds. 

Inspection trip to Jetties, of Trustees, ....... 

Commissions to County Treasurer on Receipts and Disliursements. 

R. G. Ross, contractor, for Dyke Work, ....... 

J. A. Bryan. San Francisco Bridge Co.. and New York Dredging Co., contractors, fo 
W. B. Young and Henry Myers for Auditing Accounts, .... 



Balance 



Total, 
land, witli County Treasur 



Bank, 



lyino- thL 



sed, thai 
The (i. 




TIIF. MOI lEr (II- rilK ST. JOHNS KIVEK. 

successful conclusion is laro'cly ( 



dcepeiiino- the bar was not nc" 
inieiit has appropriated for- thi 
pose, since 1870. when tile work cjf improvement 
first beo-an, sums aiiioiintino- in the ag-greo-ate to 
,$1,702,500. i\fter this amount there remains to 
be expended aliout ,$150,000, and the work is still 
o-oing on. 

The appropriations of Congress were made 
in small sums of from ,$100,000 to ,$300,000, at 
intervals so wide apart that actual operations were 
at several times siispendetl and great damage was 
caused thereby to the work. Much of each new 
appropriation was expended in repairing the 
iniuries done In- washouts and the sinking and 
wrecking of incom])letc jetties. 

The last rejiort of the ( ioveriimeiit engineer, 
however, shows that there are eighteen and one- 
half feet of water on the bar, so that vessels 
drawing eighteen feet of water can now anchor at 
• he wharves in Jacksonville. This result has been 
'btained within the last eleven years, as in iSS:; 
:liere was only 6 feet 8 inches of water on the bar. 

.Mr. fharles II. Smith, Secretary of the 

•his subject in the llistorv of the ISoard of Trade 



lich 



the 



-.ader's attention. In the discharge of his duties 
.IS Secrctarv, Mr. Sniitli li:is kejit in close touch 
with this wo)-k, and his conclusions may be 
regarded as reliable. He has lieen one <if the 
most earnest workers in the cause of deep water for 
Jacksonville, and that the work has been brought 
■iiio- elforts, in conjunction with the Hoard of Trade. 



In this conne 
about Jacksonville 
purpose, and takes espec 
dcsirin"' such information 



t may ho stat' 

who may de^ 

pains to : 

uikl addi 



d that Mr. .Smith is prepared at all times to furnish information 
re it. He is constantly accumulating- valuable data for this 
ce that it is as widely promulg-ated as possible. Any person 
."ss him at Jacksonville. 



THE PORT (JF ST. JOHNS. 

The .St. Johns Ri\-er, from laeksonville to the ocean, forms a convenient harbor, known to 
commerce as the Port of .St. Johns, i\s will be seen from the following- reports the port is now 
open to the largest class of vessels that sail these waters. 

The following is a comparative table of the con-imerce of the port for the past twenty-four 
years, prepared by Mr. Charles H. Smith, Secretary of the Board of Trade, and accompanied by 
supplementary remarks from that gentleman: 

Vessels Entered. Vessels Cleared. 



1S72, 
1873, 
1S74, 
1S75, 
1S76, 
1S77, 



1880, 
iSSi, 



170 


269 


155 


23f. 


270.9S4 


222 


S7 


316 


86 


36(, 


249,260 


291 


96 


368 


97 


420 


283,345 


2 89 


S7 


309 


£g 


344 


250.995 


302 


82 


212 


81 


221 


203,582 


341 


79 


191 


75 


199 


182,697 


355 


85 


165 


78 


1 65 


iSr,76i 


368 


So 


1S4 


84 


202 


I9f'.592 


357 




23S 


140 


251 


37fM42 


49 1 




264 


107 


303 


337.448 


429 


90 


347 


84 


372 


311. 241 


34S 



IBS3, 
I8S4, 
ISS5, 

ISS7, 
I8S8, 



lSg2, 
1S93. 
1S94, 



IS9 
109 


84 


213 


124 


163 


152 


ISS 


163 


i7r 


1S2 



252,394 


360 




318,646 


56S 


3, 9-11. 476 


292. S„4 


619 


3,500,000 


493.039 


306 


4.574.904 


619,709 


9S0 


6,186,655 


7.3 863 


1036 


12,498,626 


722,871 


1035 


13,968,362 


659. 884 


96S 


14.180,000 


722,281 


1060 


15,000,000 



This table is compiled from Custom House records, and is nearly correct as to vessels and 
tonnage. The record of exports has not been regularly or carefully kept at the Custom House, as 
vessel agents and owners do not report their cargoes fully; hence, it is impossible to obtain accurate 
information. Theref(.)re, I have made approximate estimates based upon such data as I have been 
able to obtain. ( )ne thing, however, is clearly .shown. The numlier and tonnage of vessels 
frequenting this port have steadily increased. In 1870 the average tonnage was only 337 per vessel, 
including steamers. The sailing ves.sels averaged less than 200 tons. A seliooner of 250 tons was 
a rare visitor. In i,S94 the average tonnage shown is 1,060, and sailing vessels of 450 tons or more 
are now common. Since the deepening of the river channel to fifteen feet, mean low water, by the 
expenditure of $300,000, the river commerce has increased fully one-third, and vessels drawing 
sixteen feet and eight inches can come and go without scraping bottom. 



The fiilluwino- tables show the 
?xp(irts, coastwise and foreign, fcjr ea 

ENTRANCES, COASTWISE. 

Steam Sail lien 

Month. Vessels. Vessels. Employed 

Januarv, . 27 16 9s", 

FebruaVv. . 20 S 752 

March, ' . 20 n S72 

April, . .13 13 (.07 

May, .13 7 O22 

June, . .10 13 554 

July, . .J li 594 

August, .11 iS 5Q2 

September, 13 13 644 

October, . 23 16 977 

November. 23 14 S53 

December, .24 17 9^2 



number ot entrances and 
;li nmntli of the year 1894: 



ances, and the imp 



ENTRANCES, FOREIGN. 



Month. 
January, . . 




En'ipluved 
3*' 


Februarv, . 






March, ' . 


^ 


30 


April, 


. 




Mkv. . . 




- 


June, . 


I 


7 


July. . . 





1, 


August. 


• 4 


2.S 


September, 




7 


October, 


. 2 


Id 


November, 


6 


47 


December, 






Total, 


. ~y-' 


^f, 



CLEARANCES, COASTWISE. 



Mcnth. 
January, 
Februarv, 
March, ' . 
April, 
May, 
June, 
July, 
August, 
September, 
October, 
November, 
December, 

Total, 



Employed. 


Tonnage. 


S7S 


34.333 


744 


2S,9i9 



37.113 
352,586 



EXPORTS, FOREIGN. 



EXPORTS, COASTWISE. 



February, 


850,311 


March, 




April. 


444.927 


May, 


392,22fj 


June, 


447.3'l2 


July, 


339,981 


August, 


297.320 


September, 


799,380 


October. 


435.847 


November, 


836.151 



December, 1,052. 



In addition to thi 

Cypress lumber, resawn st 
Shingles, coastwise. 
Cross-ties, coastwise. 
Bales of tobacco, coastwise 
Phosphate, coastwise 
Rosin, coastwise. 
Yellow pine lumber, resaw 
Shingles, foreign ports. 
Fish, domestic ports. 
Cotton. United States ])ort 
Wool, United Slates ports. 



et 


Value of 




Feet 






Boxes 


nage. 


Carso. 


M..nth. 


Lumber. 


Shingles. 


Cross-ties. 


Oranges. 


404 


SlS,(,42 76 


m,ru'u-;- 


4.575.-37 


440,000 


5,000 


151,564 


1 « K 1 


10,0^6 7^ 




4.237. lol 


100.700 


11,000 


133.555 


4"4 


14.84-^ oi 


March,"' ■ 




40,100 


18,000 


126,000 


52(, 




April, 


5,542,i««j 


34.200 


16,000 


36,000 


57S 


(<.'795 73 


May, 


6,410,000 


16.000 


16,000 


3.750 


591 


6.634 30 


June, 
July. 


5.220,000 


I..). 400 


27.575 


150 


S46 


8,514 ,86 


3.733.000 


1,039,000 






306 


3.372 84 


August. 


6,647.000 


53.700 


14,000 




907 


10,784 66 


September, 


6.2(.9.64,, 


491,000 


I 1 .500 




652 


7.174 31 


October, 


5,914.122 


45.341 


17,000 


58,000 


360 


17.0S7 27 


November. 


5.848,000 


415,400 


11, 000 


116,000 


()I5 


17.284 76 


December, 


6 998.456 


II,4CO 


12,600 


178,200 



Total, 



51 Total. 67,150,215 3,678,241 

shipments left this poll in i.'894: 



Superlicial Tcct, 


1,500.000 


§24,000 00 


. Number, 


12.000.000 


420,000 00 


Number. 


157.0CO 


47.000 00 


. Number, 




10.500 00 


. Tons, 


1,200 


S 400 00 


P-arrcls 


1,250 


2,500 00 


Superlicial feet. 


9.500,000 


114,000 00 


Number, 


450,000 


1,500 00 


Pounds, 


947. 5"o 


66,325 00 


Hales, 


1 7., TOO 


346,000 00 


. Bales. 


11.400 


228,000 00 



TRANSPORTATION. 




JACKSONVILLE'S RAILWAY FACILITIES. 

)XVILLE is the chief railway centre tif Florida, connected b}' direct lines of 
oad with all parts of Florida and the North American Continent. There are 
sL\cn lailwavs having a terminus at Jacksonville, as follows: 

I A Ime of road from Jacksonville westward, through the northern section of 
Flonda to Pensacola, ^Mobile, New Orleans, Texas, and San Francisco; connecting 
at Baldwin, for Cumberland Sound on the Atlantic, Cedar Key on the Cjulf of Mexico, and for 
South Florida; at Live Oak and Lake City, for Georgia and the North, and also for South Florida; 
at Drifton, for Monticello and Thomasville; at Tallahassee, for St. Marks on the Gulf; at 
Chattahoochee, for Georgia and the North, and at Pensacola for the North and West. 

2. Aline of road from Jacksonville northward, to .Savannah and Charleston; connecting at 
Callahan, for Cumberland vSound on the Atlantic, Cedar Key on the Gulf of Mexico, and for .South 
Florida; at Waycross and Jesup, for Brunswick Harbor; also for Albany, Macon, and the North 
and West; also for Chattahoochee, Pensacola. New Orleans, Texas and San Francisco; and at Jesup, 
for Macon and the Nortli-wcst. 

3. A line of road from Jacksonville northward, to Fcrnandina on Cumberland Sound, direct, 
where ci:)nnection is made with New York steamers. The same line continues to Savannah, Ga. , 
and Columbia, S. C, connecting at Everett for Brunswick, on the South, and Macon and Atlanta, 
on the North. 

4. A line of road from Jacksonville southward, to Palatka on the St. Johns River, where it 
connects with a road for the interior of the Peninsula, and on to Sanford, where it connects with a 
road to Tampa, and proceeds to Titusville. 

5. A line of road from Jacksonville southward, to St. Augustine, Palatka, Titusville, and Lake 
Worth, connecting at Palatka with a road to the interior of the .State, to the North and to the .South, 
and other connections at New Smyrna and Titusville. 

6. A line of road from Jacksonville eastward, to Pablo Beach on the Atlantic Ocean. 

7. A line of road from Jacksonville to Mayport, at the mouth of the river. 

SOME RAILROAD HISTORY. 

At the beginning of the year 1S81 there were but 535 miles of railway in the State of Florida. 
In 1S94 there were 2,662 miles, graded, equipped, and in operation, with an assessed valuation of 
$17,668,275.26, which is about one-third of the cash valuation. All of these roads are directly 
tributary to Jacksonville. The first line of road built in Florida was the line extending fi-om 
Tallahassee to .St. Marks, on the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of twenty-one miles. This was prior to 
1S50. For a time it was operated by mules. In 1852 Dr. A. .S. Baldwin, then a Member of the 
Legislature from l)u\'al County, secured a charter for the Florida Central Railroad, with right of 
way from Jacksonville to Pensacola. Work was begun upon the construction in 1855, and the road 
was completed to Quincy about four years later. About the same time Senator Yulee began work 
on the line from Fernandina to Cedar Kevs. These two lines were bitter rival.s for many years, 
growing chiefly out of the rivalry lietwecu the towns of Jacksonville and Fernandina, and it was 
this same rivalry that caused the two mads t<j be Ijuilt. Both lines are now a part of the great 
Florida Central & Peninsular Railway svstem. 



As stated abuvL-, there were, in 1S94, in full operatimi, 2,662 miles of railway in Florida, 
nearly all of which was constructed durinu;- the decade bcyinnin-- with iS<S3. The mileage is divided 
between the various lines as follows: 

Miles. Miles. 

The Plant System (Florida lines only), . . S42 2,507 

Florida Central & Peninsular (Florida lines only), 690 South-Western, 33 

Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River, . 32S Jacksonville, JIayport. Pablo R. \- N. Co.. 22 

Pensacola & Atlantic (L. & N. System), . . 216 Live Oak & Gulf, 20 

Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West, . . . 200 Atlantic, Suwannee River iV Gulf, ... 20 

Georgia Southern, & Florida 103 Jacksonville & Atlantic 17 

Carabelle, Tallahassee <S: Georgia, . ' . . 50 Gainesville, Rock)- Point \' Micanopv, . . 17 

Florida Midland 44 ' Ellaville & West Lake, 11 

Tavares \- Gulf • . . 34 Pensacola & Perdido to 

^^-~-_ St. Augustine & South Beach, .... 5 

Total 2, (.(,2 

The i^ross earnings of these roads for 1893 was as follows: 

Florida Central i: Peninsular, actual S>. 234, 050 41) 

ligures (Florida lines), , . 81,655,72199 Savannah, Florida & Western, estimated, 1,125,00000 

Jacksonville, Tampa tV Key West, actual Sanford & St. Petersburg, . . . i So, 000 00 

figures 766,32s 50 Georgia Southern tt Florida (Florida lines I, 194,00000 

Pensacola & Atlantic estimated, . . 400,000 00 Jacksonville, St. Augustine cV Indian River, Soo.ooo 00 

Florida Southern, estimated, , . 412,00000 Other lines, ;oo,ooo 00 



T.i 



;o 4") 



In addition to the roads now in operation, several new ones have been, and are beini;-, 
surveyed, the work of construction of which will be beyun this year, yi-eatly increasing the mileage. 

THE rxiox passex6;er station. 

Jacksonville, then, is the terminus of seven separate and distinct railway systems, of which 
four arc trunk lines, to wit: The Plant System of Railways and Steamships; the Florida Central 
& Peninstdar Railway; the Jacksonville, St. Augustine lV- Indian River Railway, and the 
Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West Railway. In 1893 the three first named of these lines united for 
the purpose of erecting a grand union station and depot, for the accommodation of all the roads. 
The Jacksonville Terminal Company was chartered, with a capital of ,$1,000,000, and the following 
officers elected : 

J., St. A. & I. R. 
. Plant Svstem. 

J.. St A. & I. R. 
. F. C. &- P. 

Plant Svstem. 
. F. C. & P. 

J., St. A. & I. R. 
•^npcyintcuihiit W. M. D.wmsox, . Plant System. 

Work on the new station was begun in the summer of 1894. It proxx'd to be a iirodigious 
undertaking, for the site had to be filled in, as it was all low marsh land, many feet below (he level 
of the adjacent land. 

The Company set to work to reclaim the spot and make it useful. They hauled not less than 
300,000 cubic yards of earth into the low lands, which had the etfect of transforming its appearance 
almost entirely. The Compan)- also diverted the course of McCoy's Creek from its former crooked 
channel by digging a ditch and compelling it to run almost straight, instead (jf in a circular ccjurse, 
as it formerly did. 

In order to secure a substantial foundation for the buildings to be erected in this place, it was 
necessary to have something like 2,300 piles driven, some of which, placed one on top of another. 



yv, 


siiinit. 


; 'ic 


i-Z'/iS/i/i///. 


Sir. 


niarv. 


Tn 


•a surer, 
I 


J)n 


....„„. 



H. 


Isl. Fl-AGL?:r, . 


H. 


B. Pl.axt, . 


I 


R. P.AKRoi r, . 


H. 


R. Duval, 


H. 


S. Haixes, . 


I). 


E. Maxwki.i,, 


1. 


R. Parrott, . 


AV. 


M. Davii.s..x, 


un 


in the summer of 


in. 


as it was all low m; 



were driven to a depth of seventy feet. Some idea of the immense work that has been done in 
filling- may be gleaned from the fact that it has cost something- like $100,000 for this alone. 

The frame structure of the principal building was blown down during the terriiic stonu of 
1894, and the work all had to be done over again. Though not completed, it was opened to trains 
in February, 1895, since when all passenger traiHc is condi:cted from that point. 

The shed is very substantially built of iron and wood, and is also well ventilated and lighted. 
Running through the centre of the building, on either side of the arched roof, is a glass skylight 
eighteen feet and six inches wide on each side. This lets a flood of light into the shed, and relieves 
it of the darkness that is generally found in covered passenger stations. At night the station is 
illuminated by electricity. 

In addition to the erection of the train shed and station, a very complete system of switches 
and wash-rack tracks has been carried out. Thirteen miles of track have already been laid by the 
Terminal Company for this purpose, and it is purposed to lay twelve more, making twenty-five in 
all. The rails are of fifty-six pound steel, and square headed. The frogs and switches are "f the 




K.SONVILLE. 

£eet. Smoking- Room, 26x60 feet. Ladies' Waiting R' 
feet. Tram Shed Transept, 168x40 feet. 
520 feet ; eight tracks under cover. 



ip switches has been put in, wht 
^aid to facilitate the movement 



ivo tracks 
mdling of 



ui be 



trains 



most approved pattern. A system of s 
connected at the same time. This is 
fifty per cent. 

The plan of construction of the tracks was designed by Mr. Howe, the architect in charge of 
the work. They are in the shape of a series of ladders, connecting or running together as the train 
shed is approached. All of the crossings are autcimatically interlocked, so that each train will be 
imder the control of the man in the watch tower. 

The wash-rack tracks are sixteen in number, and consist of tracks upon which the passenger 
cars are run, upon arriving in the city, for the purpose of being cleaned. The racks alongside of the 
tracks are supplied with gas and water, so as to aft'ord every facility for taking care of the cars. 

The Company has also erected a turn-table at LaVilla Junction, and tracks have been laid in 
the immediate vicinity for the roundhouse. Everything is of the most approved pattern and 
consistent with the handling- of the large number of trains that arrive and depart. 



All arrangements have l)een perfected for handling business, at the new station, in the most 
approved style, and after metropolitan methods. 

Large bulletin boards have been painted for eaeh railroad, and are displayed both in the 
waiting-room and at the train shed. These indicate the time of deiKirture of each train and also its 
destination. In additit)n to this, bulletins are placed on each train indicating the points for which it 
leaves, in order that no mistakes may he made. 

Under the Summer schedule there are thirty-four passenger trains daily handled at the 
Terminal Station, and this is almost trebled during the Winter season. There is n-o way of 
ascertaining the number of passengers handled dail\-, but as an index to passenger traffic it may be 
stated that during the months of February, March, and April there were over 70,000 pieces of 
baggage handled at the station. 

THE FLORIDA CENTRAL AXD PEXIXSULAR RAILRUAI) Co.MPAXV. 

The cut on the following page represents the valuable pr( 
Peninsular Railroad Company, at Jacksonville, the location bein;. 
extending from Bay Street back to the river front for nearly half a mi 
adapted to the business of this large and enterprising Company. < 
depots, wharves and offices of the Company are located, and the scene here presented is one of great 
interest to all who admire the push and energy displayed by our large corporations of the present 
day. In the foreground is what is known as "Transportation Row." Here the Company have 
their ticket office, the other offices being rented. On the right is seen the general offices of the 
Company. In this large three-story building are the offices of I). E. Maxwell, the (.General Manager; 
A. O. MacDonell, the General Passenger Agent ; N. vS. Pennington, Traffic Manager, as well as a 
long list of others, too numerous to mention, who keep the machinery of this big institution in 
motion. On the left of the ticket office, and extending to the river, are the old depot, freight 
warehouses and the dock at which the Clyde steamers land their jxissengers. The railroad yards 
and other buildings of the Company are in the rear, and cannot be seen from the point of view 
taken in the picture. 

What is now the Florida Central & Peninsular system, comjirises all of the oldest railway lines 
in Florida. The first and oldest of these is the short line from Tallahassee to St. Marks, built prior 
to 1850. Then the two rival lines, one from Jacksonville to Tallahassee, and the other from 
Fernandina to Cedar Keys, were chartered in 1852, and completed before the War. What with new 
lines, built and purchased, extensions and consolidations, the system now has 935 miles of track, 6S4 
of which are in Florida. It is composed of the fcjllowing I)i\-isions: 



.perty of 


■ the 


■ Florida 


Centra 


1 cV 


■ in the 


heart of the 


City, I 


ind 


le, make 


s the 


property 


especii 


dly 


ver this 


laro 


;e tract the vari 


ous 



Xorthern Division. 
Western Division. 



Central and Southern Division 



\ Columbia to Savannah, . . . . . . 142 

' Savannah to Jacksonville, . . . . . .140 

\ Jacksimville to Chattahoochee River, .... 209 

' Branches, ......... 25 

r Fernandina to Tampa, .... 241 

Wildwood to Lake Charm, . . .70 

Waldo to Cedar Key, ..... 70 

Branches, ....... 3S 



Total, 



The country through which this road passes possesses remarkal)le attractions to the tourist, 
sportsman, invalid, settler and prospector. Beautiful and interesting scenery, live oak, water oak, 
palmetto, magnolia and bay trees: forests with boundless game — deer, bear, turkeys, quail, etc. 
Orange, lemon, banana, pineapple, guava and cocoanut groves in full fruit. Strawberry, vegetable, 
cotton, grain and tobacco plantations, and the great phosphate lands. Tropical, weird and 
transparent springs, rivers and lakes, inhabited by every known variety of fish, including the 




alligator. The cl(.>sc pruxiniity of the Gulf 
of Alexico, with its warm, balmy atmosphere; 
healthfiilness ^of elimate and equability (if 
temperature; lovely towns and cities, with 
most excellent hotel and boarding-house 
accommodations, all combine to make a trip 
over this grand svstem most enjoyable; 
passing, as it does, through the richest and 
most productive region of the countr}', 
directly through the following counties: 
Richland, Lexington, Orangeburg, Barnwell 
and Hampton, in South Carolina; Effing- 
ham, Chatham, Liberty, Mcintosh, (ilynn, 
and Camden, in Georgia; and Gasden, 
Jefferson, Duval, Alachua, Lake, Pasco, 
Leon, vSuwannnee, Nassau, Levy, Orange, 
Hillsboro, Wakulla, Columbia, Clay, Marion, 
Polk. Manatee. :\Iadison, Baker, Bradford, 
vSumter, Hernando, and De vSoto, in Florida. 

XoRTHKkX DlVISIOX. 

From Columbia, the Capital of vSouth 
Carolina, where connection is made with the 
vSouthern Railway system direct to the 
north, via Washington; the Northwest, via 
Asheville, N. C. , and the West, via Augusta 
and Atlanta, this line extends southward 
through the finest cott(.in plantations in 
South Carolina, and connects at Denmark 
with the South Carolina & Georgia Railroad 
for Charleston and Au.gusta. At Fairfax 
connection is made with the Port Royal & 
Augusta Railroad to and from Augusta and 
Port Royal, Thence it proceeds to Savnnnah, 
Everett City, and Jacksonville, making con- 
nection with all railroads and steamship lines 
throughout the territory traversed. 

The tracks of this line are constructed 
of seventy pound steel rails, with angel joint 
connections; powerful new compound 
engines, built especially for speed, are in 
use, and during the Winter season solid 
vcstilnile trains are run, while elegant new 
Pullman sleepers are run the year round. 
The road is in ever)' sense up to date, 
affording every comfort and convenience 
known to railway travel. 

Western' Division-. 
Leaving River Junction, where a con- 
nection is made with the Louisville cV- Nash- 
ville Railroad to and from Chicago, St. Louis, 



Cincinnati, Lnnisvillc. Nashville, Xew Ork-ans, Mobile and Pcnsacola, and all points West, 
North-west and Sonth-wcst, the topography of the country chanL;-es from a le\-el pine forest, of a 
sandy soil, to hi.^h rollin;,^- hills of red clay formation, o\-er-rown with a dense and ma^Li'niticent 
forest. Thence the line passes, in rapid succession, man\- small villaj^es ami stations, litit only the 
principal towns will here be named: 

(Jnincy (county seat of Gadsden County), a charmin;,;- town, hi^h situation, rich and productive 
country. Near here is located the mammoth tolxieco plantations of the South, over 15.000 acres 
under cultivation, producin,^' only the finest Havana wrappers, the aroma of which is not excelled 
by wrappers yrown on the Island of Cuba. 

Tallahassee, the beautiftil Capital City of Florida, commands a maL^nificcnt \iew of the 
surrounding- country. The city is full of interest to visitors. Tw(_> miles west of Tallahassee is the 
■■^Nlurat Place," a fine plantation, owned and occupied, until her death, by the widow <if Prince 
Murat, the son of Napoleon's fav<irite Marshal, afterwards Kin,L; of Naples. The Prince, who spent 
the last years of his life upon his fine estate in Jefferson County, and his widow, who survived him 
many years, lie side by side in the Epi.scopal Cemetery at Tallahassee. From Tallahassee the 
St. Marks Branch Road runs to St. Marks, a short distance from the Gulf of Mexico. Near here is 
the famous Wakulla S]3rin^-; the visible liottom of the sprin-- is one hundred and ei^'hty feet deep. 
Monticello is seated on a hi,L;ii rid,L;"e, surrounded by a splendid farming country — one of the richest 
sections of ^liddle Florida. Madison, one of the most thriving interior towns. Ellaville, where the 
train crosses the old vSiiwannee River, and Live Oak, only eight miles from the famous vSuwannee 
Springs, a town of considerable business importance. Lake City is the county seat of Columbia 
County, and (jne of the prettiest and most ])rosperous places in the State. The cit>- contains 
about 2,000 people. Connection is made here with the Georgia Southern & Florida Railrcjad, from 
j\Iacon and White Sulphur vSprings. Magniticent Pullman buffet sleeping cars from Nashville, 
Chattanooga, Atlanta, to Jacksonville and Tampa. Leaving Lake City, we leave the red-clay soil 
and hill country. We are again passing through the life-giving pine forests, passing, in transit, 
Olustee, battle-ground during the late war: Glen St. i\Iary, McClenny, a thriving, important and 
progressive town: Baldwin, the junction with Tampa r)ivision, and <in tii Jacksonville. 

Tampa and Southkrn Divisions. 

Fernandina has the largest and deepest harbor on the eastern coast of the State. It is 
beautifully located in a sheltered situation on the west side of Amelia Island, the northern extremity 
of which guards the entrance to Cumberlantl Sound and the extensive land-locked harbor, into which 
open the St. Marys River and the Amelia River from Nassau Inlet. The city being the principal 
Atlantic terminus of this Company, where it has one mile of docks and fine phosphate elevator and 
fertilizer depots, etc. Connection is made at Fernandina, weekly, with the elegant steamships of 
the Mallory Line to and from New York, and daily with Cuin1)crland Route steamers to and from 
Brun.s\vick. From Fernandina the road runs South-west, passing Vulee, Junction of the Northern 
Division to and from Savannah, Columbia, and all points North and West, Callahan, where a 
connection is made with Waycross Line from all points North and West. Lawtey, Bradford 
County, is a charming village, chiefly settled by Northern people, whose tasteful residences, thrifty 
orange groves and well-cultivated vegetable and strawberry farms are a pleasure to l)ehold. 
Starke, a thriving and prosperous town, delightfully situatetl among the pines, surroundetl by a 
rich farming country. Waldo (junction of Cedar Keys Branch), Lake Alto and Santa Fe are but a 
few miles distant via steamer in Santa Fe Canal. From Waldo the track now tnrns to the South 
down the Peninsular, along the shores of Lochloosa Lake and the Eastern arm of Orange Lake, 
which it crosses, and reaches on the South shore the celebrated Mammoth ( (range Gr<ivcs of 70,000 
trees, passing directly between them for nearly a mile. These arc the largest natund groves in 
Florida. 

Silver Springs is reached by the Silver Springs Branch, two miles long— only rail line to the 
famous and romantic springs — enabling all trains to be inin to the very edge of the great Silver 
Springs, so well-known. This vast circular basin, six hundred feel in diameter ;ind neaiiy sixty 



feet in depth, is the source of Silver Spring Run, navigable for small steamboats, which empties 
into the Ocklawaha River, about nine miles distant. Notwithstanding its great depth, the water is 
so clear that the smallest object can be seen on the bottom. Ocala. This vigorous and prosperous 
city is the county seat of Marion County, is situated in the centre of the great phosphate belt, and 
one of the richest regions of the State. Connection is made here with the Silver Springs, Ocala & 
Gulf Railroad for Wekiva Blue Springs, the most attractive spring and country in Florida. Near 
here, at Dunellon, is located the mammoth phosphate beds of the world; it was here they were first 
discovered. From this point the road runs to Homosassa, the hunter's and fisherman's paradise, on 
the gulf coast. St. Catharine is the junction with Florida Southern Railroad to Brooksville. At 
Owensboro Junction, South Florida Railroad for Bartow and Charlotte Harbor. Lacoochee, 
junction of the Orange Belt Railway to Tarpon Springs, Dunedin, St. Petersbtirg, and all points on 
Tampa Bay. The rich phosphate mines on the Alafia River are reached from Turkey Creek, via 
Branch Rail, nine miles, at Plant City, then Valrico and Ybor City. Here are located the largest 
cigar manufactories in Florida, emplo\'ing thousands of skilled workmen. 

Tampa, the Southern terminus of the Florida Central & Peninsular system, situated at the 
head of Tampa Bay, the metrop(jlis of the Florida Gulf Coast. The city has all modern 
improvements. Tampa can boast of the Tampa Bay Hotel, one of the finest hotels in the world. 
Direct connection is made here with steamships for Key West, Havana, and all ports on the ( nilf of 
Mexico; also with Company's steamers to Braidentown, Manatee and St. Petersburg. 



Di 



Mont 



ir, and 
)usiness 



Leaving Wildwood, the train passes Orange Home, B.-imboo, Whitne>-, 
Leesburg, the most important commercial place in Lake County, doing a large mi 

with the region lying about Lakes Harris 

and Griffin. Leaving Leesburg, the road . _, 
runs for miles on the banks of Lake 
Harris, to Eldorado, whence connection is 
made with boats for Yalaha, and other 
landings. The train passes through twelve 
miles of continuous orange groves on the 
banks of Lakes Harris, Griffin, and Eustis, 
to Tavares, in Lake County, a most pros- 
perous and flourishing place. Orlando, 
the chief city and cotmty seat of Orange 
County, is one of those remarkable places, 
which, like many Western towns, have 
grown up almost in a night, as it were. 
The region round about Orlando is charm- 
ingly diversified by beautiful lakes, whose 
borders are lined with thrifty orange 
groves, surrounding elegant villas and 
cosy winter cottage homes belonging to 
Northern residents, who find here the per- 
fection of a winter climate and the con- i . V„- ,-■,-,,.. ;.^ ,....<r---.. 

ditions most favorable to orange culture. i;im r \i di i k i - i i 

Connection is made here with the .South 

Florida Railroad for Maitland, Kissimee, etc. Winter Park is one of 

homes in the South. Fine drives, lovelv residences, churches, schools, and thi 

Seminole Hotel is located here. 

CF.n.'iR Key Branch. — Leaving Waldo, the road runs west to the Gulf of Mexico, passing- 
Fairbanks, Alachua County, and Gainesville, the county seat, which has long been noted as a place 
of unaisual sanitary attractions, and is already a popular and pleasant place of resort for winter 




, & PENINSUL.\R J 


attr.-i 


.cti' 


,-e 


wintc 


the 


m; 


ign 


lificei 



visitors. Archer, also in Alachua County, is a fl( lurishin;;- little ]5lace. The New Mineral Branch 
Railroad, owned by this Cnmpany. has been built from Archer soutli twenty-nine miles, passing- 
through the most valuable phosphate mines in the world. A numl)cr of very valuable phosphate 
mines are located at Albion Station. Bronson, the county site of Levy County, is situated near the 
Great Gulf Hammock, and a great resort for sportsmen. 

Cedar Key is the terminus of the Central Division, and is situated tipon one of a series of 
small islands, or "keys," lyin;^- close to the main land, and surrounded by the deep waters of the 
Gulf of Mexico, forming a capacious and excellent harbor. Large quantities of fish, oysters and 
turtles are shipped hence all over the State, and latterly, by preservation in ice, to the cities of 
Georgia and other interior States. Steamers ply from Cedar Keys t(.) all landings on the Suwannee 
and Crystal Rivers. 

THE JACKSONVILLE. ST. AUGUSTINE \- INDIAN RIVER RAILWAY. 

"The climate of the East Coast of Florida is nearer perfection than that of any other place 
on earth." " The East Coast Line" is the property of Mr. Henry M. Flagler, and is a section only 
of the great monument which that gentleman has erected in Florida to his wonderful genius and 
enterprise. The line extends from Jacksonville to West Palm Beach, on Lake Worth, and, with 
its branches, numbers three hundred and twenty-eight miles of track. With the exception of the 
lines between St. Augtistine and Jacksonville and St. Augustine and Palatka, which were built 
some years ago, the entire main line was constructed by Mr. Flagler, and only completed in the 
early part of 1894. Rumor has it that the line will shortly be extended to Bay Biscayne, and 
eventually to Key West. There seems to be little doubt of this being done, stupendous undertaking 
though it be. Mr. Flagler is not a man to stop at obstacles, however great they be, but to 
overcome them. It is further stated that he will establish a steamship line from Bay Biscayne to 
the Bahamas, or West Indies. If this is done, it will add greatly to Jacksonville's commercial 
facilities. Work is being rapidly ptished on the extension of the East Coast Canal, in which Mr. 
Flagler is more interested than any others. This canal is practically completed from St. Augustine 
to Lake Worth, and the active operations are from Lake Worth south to New River, about half-way 
between Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay. This, also, will be a contributor to Jacksonville commerce. 
The canal is nearly four hundred miles long- with five feet of water at the shallowest points. 

The Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River Railway holds the champion passenger 
record of the world. On August 19th, 1S94, all previous records were br(iken, when they carried 
twenty-six passenger coaches filled to crowding, and one baggage coach from Jacksonville to St. 
Augustine, without an accident and on schedule time. It was the splendid management of Mr. 
Joseph Richardson, General Passenger Agent, that wrotight this great achievement, and placed his 
road at the head of all others in this respect. The road passes through the most picturesque 
and tropical part of Florida, and some of the most fertile regions as well. Following is a brief 
description of the principal points reached by this line: 

At Jacksonville, the metropolis and railroad center of the State, the tourist and traveler 
obtain their first impressions of Florida. The City of Jacksonville, with a population of nearly 
30,000, is beautifully situated on the broad St. Johns River, about twenty-two miles from the 
Atlantic as the stream runs and seventeen miles as the birds fl)-. Its water-front is in the shape of 
a crescent, the river changing its course twice within the City limits, and in a distance of three 
miles. It has naturally a superb harbor, upon the improvement of which the local authorities in 
Duval Cotinty have just .spent $300,000, while the National Government has always made liberal 
appropriations for it. Jacksonville is beatuifully laid out, and lias a system of municipal 
improvements now under way which will make it one of llie most allracti\-e cities in the entire 
South. It is the northern terminus of the Jacksimville, St. Augustine \- Indian River Railway, 
where connection is made with the Plant vSystcm of Railways, the Florida Central <S.- Peninsular 
Railroad, and the Clyde vSteamship Line. The company owns a large tract of land, and has docks, 
piers and other facilities for delivering frei.ght to vessels at vSouth Jacksonville — just opposite the 
principal section of the City — but it brings its passengers and freight trains across that splendid and 



Bridge. An elegant new Union Passenger Station is 
iville Terminal Company, of whieh Mr. H. M. Flagler 



costly piece of engineering — the Jackscjnvil 
now in course of construction by the Jacks 
is President. 

The quaint old City of vSt. Augustine is conceded to be the grandest and most attractive 
winter resort in America. It is situated on an estuary of the Atlantic known as the Matanzas 
River, thirty-six miles from Jacksonville, and is reached only by the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & 
Indian River Railway. The wonderful climate and the warm sea air of the Atlantic, the old 
Spanish landmarks, the romantic scenery, marvelous treasures of architectural beauty, and hotel 
accommodations of the highest order, render it the superior of any other winter watering-place on 
earth. Year after year the attractions of St. Augustine have drawn there increased numbers of 
,,l,.rwnr,.--^,.,.l-,T^ :inil inv.'iliils, until now it has heconii- the Winter home of thousands from tlic East. 



Tl^ni-^— ^^ 




of the Ja 



North, and West, and Europe, too, is beginning to send over her quota regularly. No more 
beautiful rendezvous can be found. While many Northerners are clad in seal-skins and ulsters, the 
visiting yachtsmen in St. Augustine are reclining on the decks of their beautiful craft, basking in 
the warm sunshine, and trousered in white duck or flannel. St. Augustine boasts of her own 
yacht club, who.se membership includes over three hundred yachtsmen, most of them prominent in 
the principal Northern and Eastern cities. The almost constant succession of balls, regattas, 
illuminations, fairs and other social functions adds much to the enjoyment of winter life in the 
quaint old Spanish City. In addition to these, St. Atigustine has one of the finest base-ball parks in 
the United States, perhaps the best in many particulars; tennis courts of the best design and 

88 



equipment, asphalt pavements and shell roads on which drivini;", ridinj;- and bieyclinj;- are a luxury; 
in fact, it possesses all things desirable as a place of resort or residence. To adequately describe 
the grandeur of the hotels is impossible. 

Palatka is known as the " Gem City," and is situated on the west bank of the St. Johns River, 
about sixty-five miles south of Jacksonville. It is reached from Jacksonville and St. Augustine by 
the Jacksonville, St. Augustine &- Indian River Railway, which makes connections at this point with 
the Georgia, Southern & Florida Railroad, the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West Railway, the 
Florida Southern Railway, and the St. Johns River and Ocklawaha River steamboats. Palatka has 
a population of abotit 6,000, possesses all tlie conveniences of a modern town, and is the centre of 
one of the finest orange-growing districts in Florida. 

San Mateo is a beautiful little town on the St. Johns River, lying in the heart of a fine orange 
grove section and reached by a short In-anch of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River 
Railway from East Palatka. It supplies much of the fruit which the guests of the leading St. 
Augustine hotels appreciate so highly, and its boarding-houses are always crowded with guests 
during the Winter season. 

It is at Ormond that the traveler gets his first sight of the famous liast Coast country South of 
vSt. Augustine. This beautiful little town is known as Ormond-by-the-Sea, or C)rmond-on-the- 
Halifax — either or both — and it is one of the most charming spots in Florida. To fully appreciate 
this, one must pay a visit to it. The town is situated on both the east and west bank of the Halifax 
River, and is reached only by the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River Railway. No other 
locality in Florida presents such varied scenery as does the region bordering the Halifax River, 
which is really an arm of the sea — a broad, tropical lagoon, whose banks are fringed with groves of 
palms, oi'ange, oak, and pine. Into the Halifax flows the Tomoka River. This picturesque stream 
is one of the great attractions of Florida, and an excursion from Ormond to the head of the 
navigable waters and return, may be made in about six hours by steam or naphtha launch ; many 
people prefer to make the trip in sail or row boats, with which Ormond is well supplied. From the 
pier in front of the Hotel Ormond these craft ply their way up the Halifax, a distance of five miles, 
to the mouth of the Tomoka, passing beautiful rolling lantls, both on the mainland and on the 
peninsular, all under a high state of cidtivation in oranges, vegetables of all kinds, persimmons, 
guavas, and other semi-tropical fruits. Three miles beyond is Thompson's Creek, "The 
Fisherman's Paradise." Bass, trout, mullet, carvalho, and sheephead may here be caught in large 
numbers. The drives about Ormond are exceptionally fine. From the \-illage on the west bank 
across the Halifax runs a large bridge, which is a favorite resort for the " fishing folks" from the 
hotels; and from its East end to the ocean — about a third of a mile — the road is through fragrant 
pines and an undulating .sea of oak and palmetto, whose tops appear to form a waving carpet of green 
where the land rises and falls in long, shell-like .swells. Between the sand-dunes and the sea stretches 
Ormond Beach — four hundred feet of yellow sand, hard and level as an asphalt pavement, and 
extending thirty miles without a break. It is a perfect drive, and a jiaradise for bicycle riders. The 
surf -bathing at Ormond is superb, and it can be indulged in at least five days out of every seven 
during the Winter season. The temperature of the water is frequently higher than that of the air. 

Daytona, "The Fountain City," situated seventy-four miles south of vSt. Augustine, stands on 
a ridge of high hammock, on the west bank of the Halifax River, twelve miles from the inlet. It is 
reached only by the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River Railway, 'i'he river-front is most 
charming. A clean .shore, hard bottom, free from mud or grass, and a depth of water sufficient for 
all necessary purposes, are among the natural advantages that at once present themselves to the eye 
of the visitor. It abounds in good small hotels and boarding-houses — all at reasonable rates — and 
large numbers of Northern families congregate here yearly. Two beautiful bridges span the river 
to the i^eninsular and .Silver Beach — the latter so named from its beautiful shining shore. In the 
centre of the town, along the ridge on the highest land, is Ridgewood ^V venue — a lieautiful drive-way 
paved with marl and shaded by a heavy growth of forest trees. 

New Smyrna is the oldest settlement on the Atlantic coast south of Si. Augustine, ll is on 
the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River Railway, eighty-nine miles south of St. .\ugustine. 



on the west bank of the Hillsboro River, only three miles below the Inlet. It boasts of fine fishing, 
hunting, bathing and boating, extensive orange groves and magnificent scenery in the outlying 
hammocks. Not far from here are the ruins of the old sugar mill built about a hundred years ago 
by TurnbuU, the indigo planter — or, as some believe, of a Chapel built by the followers of Columbus 
in 1496 or 1497. This historical ruin is visited j-early by scores of tourists, and antiquarians are 
still speculating upon it. At Shiloh, one hundred and five miles from St. Augustine, passengers 
get the first view of the famous Indian River. For miles the railroad skirts the borders of the 
river, the wavelets almost washing the ties at some points, the land through which it passes being 
the famous Indian River Prairie, known by hunters throughout the country for the excellence of 
its snipe-shooting. At Titusville the river is at its greatest width^six miles across. The town is 
the county seat of Brevard County, has electric lights, water works, etc., and many important 








industries, that of shipping fresh fish in ice being a lucrative and rapidly growing one. Two live 
weekly newspapers keep Titusville conspicuously before the world. Cocoa, a charming village, 
is the introduction to the beautiful Rockledge section. Rockledge is the center of a famous 
orange-growing section, and as a winter resort it has no superior on the Indian River. It can be 
reached by rail only over the line of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River Railway. 
Rockledge is undoubtedly the best known resort on the Indian River, and fully three hundred 
cottages and hotels are embowered in its 01-ange groves and tropical gardens. The forest trees 
have been left along the river as a wind-break for the magnificent orange groves, which have made 
the -'Rockledge Hammock" famous. One of the pleasant sails about Rockledge is to "Fairy 



rijss the creek from Eau Gallie is 
J fnim Kau (iallie, and reached <jnly 
Here is a group of hotels and 
II. Egypt, around a central park, 
md nrnamental trees, flowers and 



Land," a short distance dnwn and acmss the river. Just m 
the unique tottrist retreat known as Sarno — less than half a mil 
by the Jacksonville, St. Augustine iV- Indian River Railway, 
cottages, built after the manner of the Hotel du Nil in Cai 
which is supplied with a pavilion, lights, fountains, fruit 
shrubbery, drive-ways, tennis courts, etc. 

The tracks of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine \- Indian River Railway cross the Jupiter River 
one hundred and five miles snuth nf Rockledgc, the settlement nn the snuth slmre wing known as 
West Jupiter. On the bhiff on the north side of Jupiter River is the Jupiter Lighthouse; while on 
the bank is the life-saving station of the United States Government, and the landing-place of the 
ocean cable from Nassau. From West Jupiter the course of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & 




St. Augu 



ian Ri 



Indian River Railway is alm<jst directl 
Beach is one hundred and twenty-tiv 
terminus of the railway line. It is a 
and, in some places, paved streets, and 
its site is a commanding one on a high 



south, to West Palm Beach, on Lake Wnrth. West Palm 
miles south nf Rockled.ge, and is the present Southern 

iwn of nearly nne thousand inhabitants, with well-graded, 
fine water supjiK' fmrn an adjacent fresh-water lake, and 

nff iiu tlle west sllnre nl Lake Wiirth. 



Palm Beach is the Mecca of the Floriila tourists who seek the more Southern latitudes. 
Passengers are conveyed across the lake from West Palm Beach in ferry-boats, the distance being 
less than half a mile. Once on the shore of Lake Worth, a most beautiful and enchanting sheet of 
water, the traveler seems to be in annther eonntr\- from the one through which he has been 



passing. The shores of the lake are clothed with palms, and here is the home of the eocoanut. On 
these shores one has the first sight of a grove of tall, slender trunks and green crowns, in full 
bearing. Great bunches of green husked nuts hang from the crown, and the gray pennants of the 
great dried blossoms tasseled among the fruit rustle and whisper in the sea breeze. Often in the 
younger groves the overhanging leaves, perfect as giant fern fronds, arch the pathway in a single 
sweep of twenty feet — perhaps no other plant of all the earth has such Titanic grace. Nature has 
here supplied all the material which the most lavish workman could covet ; and the taste and labor 
of the wealthiest capitals of our land have gathered along these shores to feast upon, train and 
beautify the already beautiful landscape. There may be no castles outside of fable with such 
surriiundings as some of these homes on Lake Worth now Imast — such lu.Kuries of the Tropics, with 
cnmf(.irts of the Temperate Zone. Amid all this tr<ipic;d luxuriance stands the Hotel Royal 
Poinciana — a magnificent structure, in the Colonial style of architecture. It is six stories high in 
the centre, and from the tower which crowns its roof a most magnificent view may be had of ocean, 
lake, canal, river, and forest scenery, an area of nearly twenty miles, north and south. It contains 
five hundred and seventy-five sleeping rooms, and is the largest hotel in the .South. It has an 
elegant ball-room, an immense and finely decorated dining-hall, a commodious Colonial sitting-room, 
and tasteful parlors. It faces the west, on the lake, while in the rear, only about a quarter of a 
mile, is its attachment or annex, the Beach Pavilion. Here are numerous guests' rooms, a superb 
cafe, swimming pools, supplied with sulphur and ocean water — warm or cold — baths and bath-houses. 
Surf bathing may be indulged in every day in the year. 

Around Lake Worth, northward and southward from Palm Beach, are several smaller places 
of resort, on either side of the lake, which is twenty-two miles in length. Steamboats, launches, 
and sailing craft in the greatest variety ply the waters of the lake, and take parties to any of these 
resorts, or on fishing or hunting expeditions, (lame of all kinds is plentiful, and the fishing, both 
in the lake, and in the ocean outside, is the finest in Florida. ■' Nuc-1'sa-Choo," or Pitts Island, is a 
small island in Lake Worth, which is almost completely wooded with eocoanut pahiis, and has been 
converted into a beautiful home, surrounded by the most .i;oi\L;eous tropical plants. Sotith of the 
Royal Poinciana are several small settlements, the principal jioints being Lantana and Hypoluxo, 
the latter at the foot of the lake, nearly twelve miles from I'alni Beach. A popular excursion is by 
boat to the canal, which is being dug from the foot of Lake Worth to Biscayne Bay. 

THE PLAXT SYSTEM. 

The Plant System of railways and steam 
having 2,777 miles of railway and steamship li 
Florida, it also extends to Georgia, South Car( 
different lines of the system: 

R.MLWAY LINES. Miles. I'L.ANT STK.ilMSHIP LINES. Miles. 

Savannah, Florida & Western Railway, . . ;fi2 Port Tampa, Key West & Havana Line, . . 360 

Charleston & Savannah Railway, .... 133 Port Tampa & Mobile Line 360 

SouthFloridaDiv. of Savannah, Fla. &- Western R'y, 327 Port Tampa & Manatee River Line, ... 36 

Brunswick & Western Railroad. . . . .171 Port Tampa to Caloosahatchee River, . . .125 

Alabama Mid'and Railway, .... 235 Port Tampa to St. Petersburg 6 

Silver Springs, Ocala & Gulf Railway, . . . 66 -7— 

1.494 
people's line STE.iMERS. 

Chattahoochee River 223 kec.apitul.atiox. 

Flint River, 36 Railway Lines 1.404 

Apalachicola River 137 Steamer Lines 1,283 

396 Total 2,777 

The head and chief owner of this immense system is yiv. H. V,. Plant, who is also chief owner 
of the Southern Express Company, and, next to Mr. Flagler, probably Florida's chief developer. 
In addition to the hundreds of miles of raihvav he has constructed in the State, the wild lands 



is the 1 


argest t 


ran 


spo 


rtii 


iti( 


m 


company 


in Flo 


rida. 


While 


the gre; 


itci 


" P' 


irti 


.on 


of 


their pr 


operty 


is in 


and A I 


abania. 


F- 


l,ll(! 


iWl 


ng 


is 


a table s 


ho win f 


y the 



opened up to settlement, the new towns built, the new industries de\-eloped, the steamship 
connections established with nther States and Cnuntrios. the niaininoth hotels erected, he has 
opened up a deep water harbor in tlie Southern portion n{ tlie State, f(jr direct trade with Foreio-n 
Countries, and formed the nucleus of wliat will sooner <>r later beennie a culossal maritime trade 
direct with Central and South America, as well as Mexico and otliei' Culf ])orLS, Nine miles beyond 
the Tampa Bay Hotel, at Tampa, is Port Tanqia, the Southern deep water terminus of the Plant 
System, which, with the rapid development of trade with South AuK'rica and the West India 
Islands, and the export trade of phosphate to liurojie, has become a centre of great activity. The 
Inn was built on the pier over the water, a mile from shore, and it soon attracted tourists. 
Whether en route for Cuba or not, they come to the Inn to Hsh, sail on tlie lia\-, and enjoy the sea 
air. The Inn is a beautiful (Jueen Anne Cottage, and by the tourists is called the "gem." Tlic 
surrounding waters teem with fish, while ducks, pelicans and gulls circle about o\-erhead. 

The Plant System has been a conspicuous factor in Jacksoinille's develo]jment. Its line to 
Savannah was the first to oi)en direct railway communication with the Xorth ; i)re\-i(}tis to the 
building of the Savannah, Floriila lV- Western Railroad, passengers for the Xortli were forced to 
travel all the way round Ijy Tallahassee to get to Savannah. Nearly two (la\-s then to co\er a 
journey that is now made in five hours. The chief points made by tlie I-'lorida lines of this svstem 
are: The Savannah, Florida & Western, from Jacksonville north to Calahan, AVaycross, and 
Savannah; the South Florida Division, from Sanford to Lake Charm, Winter Park, ( )rlando, 
Kissimmee, Narcoossee, Bartow, Lakeland, Tampa, and Port Tampa, and from Dupont, Ca., to 
Live Oak, Lake City, High vSprings, Gainesville, Archer, Ocala, Dunellon, Homosassa, Dade City, 
and on to Port Tampa. Their lines also tap Florida at Monticello and Chattahoochee, with 
connection at those points for the North, East, and West. As will be seen, they traverse nearly 
every section of Florida and connect with all other important lines in the State. 

Of the steamship lines of the Plant System in Florida the most inii)ortant are: The West 
India Fast Mail Route, two steamers a week each way l)ctwccn Port 'l'am])a. Key West, ;;nd 
Havana. Port Tampa to MoIiIIl', one steamer a week each way. < )nc steamer daily from Port 
Tampa to St. Petersburg, and points on the Manatee Ri\-er. Two steamers weekly, each wa\-, 
between Apalaehicola and Columbus, (ia., and all points on the Chattahoochee and Apalachicola 
Rivers. Also steamers from Port Tampa to Pine Island. Naiiles, and the Caloosaluitchec River. 

JACKSONVILLE, TAMPA & KEY WEST KAILW.W. 

"The Tropical Trunk Line" ixirallels the St. Johns River from Jacksonville t<. Sanford, and 
extends beyond that point to Titnsville, on the Indian River. The main line and lu-anches 
embrace two hundred miles of track. This road was built by Rol)crt H. Coleman, the millionaire 
coal baron of Cornwall, Pa., and was begun in 1883. It was tliis line tliat ga\-e the first check 
to the extensive St. Johns River commerce. The road passes thi-oiigh sonic of tlie most fertile 
orange and vegetable regions of Florida, as well as some of the most pictiircsiiuc and scenic. It 
twice crosses the St. Johns, between Jacksonville and Sanford, o\ci- iiumciise steel drawbridges. 
The principal points made by this line are: 

Magnolia Springs, on the St. Johns, twenty-nine luiU's south ol J:ickson\illc. It is the scat 
of the charming winter hotel, The Magnolia, and is noted foi- the tanious watei'of the same name 
which is bottled here. Green Cove .Springs, a mile beyond, is noted tor its line snlpluir b:iths and 
other healthful conditions. Palatka, a city of 6,000, where connection is made with the Florid:i 
Southern, and the Jacksonville, St. Augustine cV Indi:m River Raihva\s, and ri\cr boats. Pahitka 
is the site of the Putnam House, with a capacity for four hundred guests. 1 )c Land, the most 
progressive of the younger towns of the State, blessed with better educational I'acilities than the 
majority of even larger Southern cities, has a population of something over tw(j thousand. Besides 
well conducted public schools, there are several private schools, but its pride and great feature is 
the J. B. Stetson University, an institution handsomely endowed: several full scholarships: it is for 
both se.xes; a college, normal school, and acadeni\-, an art school and conscr\alor\' of music. Has 



seven elegant buildings heated by steam and lighted by electricity ; thoroughly equipped gymnasium ; 
department of physical culture ; military drill for young men ; a library of over six thousand volumes. 
Sanford, located by one of those cjuick-witted Americans who recognized the natural advantages of 
our State, is one hundred and twenty-five miles south of Jacksonville, and immediately on the south 
shore of beautiful Lake Monroe, directly 
opposite the town of Enterprise, which lies 
in full view. Sanford is the head of navi- 
gation on the St. Johns River, and the 
natural distributing point for many places 
in Southern Florida. It is a substantial 
brick city in the midst of a fine orange 
grove section. The Sanford House, a 
Winter hotel, accommodating four himdred 
people, fronts on a beautiful park laid out 
on the shore of the lake, and commands a 
fine view of the surrounding country. The 
Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West Raihva\- 
connects here with the .Sanford & St. 
Petersburg Railway for Oakland, Cler- 
mont, San Antonio, Tarpon .Springs, and 
St. Petersburg, the two latter being situated 
on the Gulf of Mexico, and all boast of fine 
hotels, and are popular Winter resorts. 
Enterprise, a charming resort, about i>nr 
hundred and twenty miles distant fr^iii 
Jacksonville, and on thedirect line of tra\ l 1 
to the Indian River country, is ime (jf tlu- 
oldest resorts in Florida. Titiisville, tin 
Southern terminus of the Jacksonvilk', 
Tampa & Key West Railway, is at tin 
head of navigation on the famous Indian 
River. The road connects here with tlu- 
Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River 
Railway, and the Indian River Steamboat 
Company, for all points on the southern 
east coast. The Florida Southern Railroad, 
with over three hundred miles of track, was 
formerly a part of the Jacksonville, Tampa 
& Key West .System, whereby it penetrat 
two r(iads, though separate, make close eon 




acksonville. Tampa 



of the finest section of interior 
t Palatka, and work in harmimv, 



THE JACKSONVILLE, MAYPORT, PABLO RAILWAY \- NAVIGATION COMPANY. 



Thi: 



.-nty-one m 



ocean beach, and Mayport, a sma 
the Jacksonville people have s 
Jacksonville and South Jacksonvil 



les in length, extending from Jacksonville to Burnside, a fine 
1 village at the mouth of the St. Johns River, where many of 
immer cottages. This Companv (operates the ferry between 
?, which is the terminus of the road. 



THE JACKSONVILLE & ATLANTIC RAILROAD. 
This line also runs to the beach, at Pablo, the favorite summer resort for Jacksonville. It 
is seventeen miles long and passes through fine farming and timber lands. Pablo is made up 
chiefly of summer cottages. It has fine bathing and one of the prettiest beaches in the world. 
There are two trains daily over each of these lines to Jacksonville. 



STEAMSHIP, STEAMBOAT. AND PACKET LINES. 

There are not less than thirteen regularly established ship]Mng- lines, with offices in 
Jacksonville, in addition to the numerous itinerant trading vessels that make regular voyages to 
this port. The latter class is very numerous. The phosphate industry has brought vessels from 
every Country to secure cargoes of this valuable commodity, while numerous sailing craft from the 
West Indies and the Bahamas, laden with fruit, shells, and curios, discharge their cargoes here. 
Since the deepening of the channel in the river and at the bar has been completed, shipping from 
the port of Jacksonville has largely increased, and vessels drawing eighteen feet of water can now 
reach the City. Chief in importance to Jacksonville, of the steamship lines entering here, is the 
Clyde Steamship Company, plying between Jacksonville, Charleston, and New York. 

THE CLYDE STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 

Every one living here at the time, remembers the grand banquet tendered by the Clyde 
Steamship Company to the business men of Jacksonville, in November, 1886. The affair was given 
in honor of the arrival of the first Clyde passenger steamship in Jacksonville, and as the event was to 
mark a new era in the prosperity of the City, it was eminently fitting that it should be celebrated with 
some marked demonstration of rejoicing over the happy prospects just opening for the community. 
The officials of the Company and the citizens of the City mutually felicitated each other, and the 



good ship Cherokee, lying at the dot 
The history of the Clyde L 

transportation. 

For years the Port of Jackson \ 



ks. 



might have been floated 
in Florida is the hist 



^'d an open d( 




increased to two ships a week. Thi 
Yemassee, and the Delaware. Thes 
passenger steamers a week, which h<i 
will be four by next season. 

In November, i88y, the Clydes 
have continued to operate steadily as Clydes' .St. Johns River .Service 
elegant passenger steamers. City of Jacksonville and Frederick De Bar\-. 
large freight steamers, the Everglade and the Welaka, were put into ser 
between Jacksonville, Palatka, and Sanford, and intermediate points. 



was followed, m 1^92, 
additions ga\e Jack'- 
been maintained c\li 

urchascd the De P.ar\ 
; Clvdt 



1 the wine that was drank. 

ry of a remarkable success in 

to any enterprising mariner who 
desi red ti 1 enter. By some strange 
oversight, no one seemed to 
recognize the splendid advan- 
tages offered to maritime com- 
merce until the Cl\-des, one day 
— in No\'enil)er, iSSlj, as al)o\'e 
stated — sent the Cherokee, com- 
manded by Capt. Leo X'ogel. 
U]) the sinuous St. Johns, and 
anchored at Jacksonville. It was 
not hm., bctoic thc\ dcnion- 
sti itcil ih It then new \ cntuic was 
tol)c I most MicLcsstul one Foi 
I tunc tliL\ 1 111 one ship iwcck 
c uh w i\ between JacksoUMlk, 
ehaikston, and New Yoik 'I his 
SCI Nice was peiformed 1)\ the 
Chciokee and the Seminok In 
Dcccmbci ibSs the IiiKiiioiswas 
iddcdtothc fleet, and the seiMce 
cessueh, b_\ the Algonquin, the 
ille a seiMCC of three elegant 
lee, and, unless the si>rns fail, it 



I- Line, which they 

embraces the two 

the same time, two 

'i'hc steamers run 



"The Macon Telegraph," ni July 31, 1892, published a brief history of the Clycles, which it 
may be well to append here. It is as follows : 

The Clyde family have been in the transportation business for three generations. Mr. Thomas 
Clyde, the father of Mr. William P. Clyde, was the founder of the Clyde vSteamship Line. Upon 
the aiTival in this country, in 1837, of the late John Ericsson, the celebrated inventor and engineer, 
with his invention for the application of the screw propeller to steam vessels, Mr. Thomas Clyde at 
once recognized the value and great possibilities of this new method of applying power for the 
propulsion of vessels, and immediately took an interest in the same, and was a co-laborer with 
Ericsson in the application and introduction of the screw propeller. He was one of the owners and 
originators of the first propeller line ever built, which was called the "Ericsson Line," and still 
runs between Philadelphia and Baltimore. In 1844 Mr. Clyde built the propeller steamship "John 
S. McKim," the first screw steamer built in the United States for commercial purposes, thus 
recognizing, and practically applying, nearly fifty years ago, this method of obtaining high speed 
with economy and safety, which has now superseded all other methods of steam propulsion. L^pon 
the breaking out of the Mexican War this ship was irsed successfully as a transport for troops; and 
in 1846 this steamer, the " McKim," carried Col. Jefferson Davis' regiment of Mississippi Volunteers 
to the Mexican War from New Orleans; and it is a remarkable coincidence that another of Mr. 
Clyde's steamers, the "Rebecca Clyde," in 1865, brought President Jefferson Davis as a prisoner 
from Savannah to Fort Monroe. 

Mr. Wm. P. Clyde, though building and owning every variety of steamships and steamboats, 
has always given the preference to the screw propeller, and has introduced it wherever practicable. 
He experimented upon, and demonstrated, the practicability of the propeller for shallow harbors 
and rivers, where others believed nothin-- but the nmrc expensive side-wheel steamer was advisable. 
Being bold and aggressive, he has made and adapted many improvements, both in model and 
machinery of steamers, and is regarded from his great practical experience as an authority among 
steamship owners. In 1871, he built the first ei impound engine ever constructed in this country, 
and placed it in the "Geo. W. Clyde," which was at that time the largest light draft steamship 
afloat. Mr. Clyde also built, in 1886, the first large triple-expansion engines built in this cotmtry, 
placed in the steamer "Iroquois," the pioneer in this last great improvement in steam engines. 
The "Iroquois" was also the first steel steamer ever built in this country for commercial purposes. 
Thus, with his brother, B. F. Clyde, now associated with him, they have continued the policy of 
the Clydes, as inaugurated by their father, and have been the leaders in practically all the 
improvements made in steamships in this country during the last fifty years. 

The firm of William P. Clyde & Company own and control a large number of steamboats, 
steamships, etc., their lines running between Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and 
Washington, Norfolk, Newburne, Richmond, Troy, Albany, Wilmington, N. C, Georgetown, S. C, 
and Jacksonville, Fla. , and on the St. Jcjhns River between Jacksonville, Palatka, and Sanford, and 
intermediate landings; also from New York, Turk's Island, Hayti, San Domingo, and other West 
Indian ports. 

Mr. William P. Clyde for some years controlled all the steam transportation between New 
York and San Francisco, as well as the Panama Railroad, the only route acrtjss the Isthmus of 
Panama, having from his own fleet been able to furnish this railroad in sixty days a complete 
equipment of steamers for connection both from Panama to Central America and San Francisco, 
and also between Aspinwall and New York. He was also president of the Pacific Mail Steamship 
Company f(.ir several years. Mr. Clyde has had a remarkably successful business career. He has 
always been largely interested in the development of the South, the future possibilities of which 
he was among the first to recognize, and has very large investments not only in Southern railroads, 
but also in its mineral and other interests. He has before this been largely identified with 
Southern railroad interests, and has twice heretofore controlled the Richmond & Danville system, 
and it is one of his characteristics that he has always endeavored, and successfully so, to build up 
and develop any enterprise with wliieli he might be connected. There is no one single instance, 
during his whole business career, where he has permitted himself to be a ])arty to wrecking 



property, which, imfurtunatcly, is ^■ 
clay. Mr. Clyde is a prominent reprt 



niueh in voi^lie amon^' ra 
jntative of a class of men \vl 
can have, and we welccnne 



iers <it the present 
■St friends the South 
th their eneruv and 




FLORIDA TASSENGER AGENT, CLYUE Ll.N 



Wm. P. Clyde, President: B. F. Clyd 
H. Clvde, Assistant Traffic Mana-er; 



enterpri.se, to our beloved Southern countr_\'. 

The above tells a wonderful story of a wonderful man. 
vSince their establishment in Jacksonville, the business of the 
Company has steadily increased, year by year. 

The Jacksonville officers are in charge of JNIajdr J. A. 
Leslie, Superintendent, and F. M. Ironmonger, Jr., Florida 
Passenger agent. Both of these gentlemen have been in the 
Clyde service for many years, and are tried and trusted 
officials. They have been here since the establishment of 
the Florida office, and are not only well known, but greatly 
esteemed in the commutaity. The fleet comprising the New 
V(irk, Charleston, and Florida Lines is composed of the 
following splendid steamships: Iroquois, Capt. L. W. 
Pennington; Algonquin, Capt. S. C. Piatt: Cherokee, Capt. 
H. A. Bearse; Seminole, Capt. L K. Chichester; Yemassee, 
Capt. Joseph McKee. They sail from New York (Pier 29, 
East River), Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 3 i'. m. ; 
from Jacksonville, Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. 

In addition to these, a new ship, now building, will be 
launched about December, of 3,500 tons burden. It will be 
330 feet in length, and 43 feet beam. It will make seventeen 
knots an hi.mr, and make the run from New Vurk to 
Charleston in fnrty-twn Imurs. 

The general officers of the Compan}*, with headquarters 
at No. 5 Bowling Green, New York City, are as follows: 
_', Vice-President; Theo. (i. Eger, Traffic Manager: Marshall 
Albert J. Cole, (jeneral Passenger Agent. 



THE MALLORV STEAMSHIP LINES. 



running its vessels to Jacksonville direct, has its jjort at 
nd but an hour by rail from Jacksonville. C)ne of their chief 
ts are common with others here. For all business purposes 
this harbor. Brunswick, Ga., their second nearest port and 
n Agent, Mr. H. H. Raymond, is only three hours by rail 
e favorite tourist routes lietween New York and (Georgia and 



The Mallory Line, while 
Fernandina, only thirtv miles aw;i 
offices is in this City and their int 
it is as if their ships came direci 
headquarters of the General Si hi 
from Jacksonville. This is one 1 
Florida points. 

The Mallory Line was established in the regular freight and passenger service in 1S06, 
by Mr. C. H. Mallory and Captain E. Spencer, under the firm name of C. H. Mallory \- Cm. 
During the war they built a number of vessels which were u.sed as Government transports, and 
when they were no longer needed in that capacity, the founders established the regtilar Merchant 
Marine Service. The Mallory Line operates two distinct routes, viz. : New York to Galveston, 
Texas, touching at Key West, Fla. ; New York to Georgia and Florida, touching at Brunswick, (5a., 
thence to Fernandina, Fla. During five or six months of the year— say from September to March— 
a steamer of the Line is dispatched from New York (Pier 20, East River) to Galveston, Te.\as, 
every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 3 i'. .m. For the remaining months the sailings are 
semi-weekly (Wednesday and Saturday). The return trijw from Galveston are on the same da\'s of 
the week. Saturday's steamers from New Vork touch at Key West. I'la., all the year rouiul all 



othci- sailings are direct. Time from New York, four days. The trip from New York to Galveston 
is made in six or seven days. Wednesday's steamers from Galveston touch at Kev West. 

The Georgia-Florida service is maintained by weekly sailings from New York, Pier 21, East 
River, every Friday, at 3 p. m., the year round, except at such times when business warrants, 
then the service is semi-weekly (Tuesday and Friday). 

Returning, the steamers leave Fernandina on Tuesday, and Brunswick on Friday. This trip 
is made in about sixty hours from New York to Brunswick. 

Tile fleet is composed of tlie following eleven iron steamships, aggregating 30.772 tons: 



Concho, 
Leon.4, 
Nueces, 
Comal, 

L.4MPAS.AS, 

Ala.mo, . 
San Marcos, 
Colorado, 
Rio Grande, 

State of Texas, 
CiTv .IF Sax An'i 



Captain 


Crowell, 


4,000 




Wilder, . 


• 3-70° 




S. Risk, 


3.700 




J. Risk, . 


• 3.200 




Burrows, 


3,200 




Lewis, 


• 3,20° 




Evans, 


3,000 




Itzen, 


3,000 




Barstow, 


2,700 




Hix, 


. 1,800 
1,700 



All thoroughly equipped with the mi 
convenience of passengers. A representative 
343 feet; breadth, 47 feet; tonnage, 4,000; In 



St modern appliances for the comfort, safety and 
boat of the fleet is the steamship Concho. Length, 
rse-power, 3,500: engines, triple expansion. 




(4000 



An inspection of the fleet will prove it more than the equal of any coastwise line of steamships 
afloat, if one compares the seaworthiness of the boats, their speed, accommodations (first-class or 
otherwise), and all else that tends to make a perfect steamship line — in other words, the management 
has spared no expense to keep up with the latest improvements in naval construction. A point, too, 
of which the management feels justly proud, is that every one of the vessels composing the fleet was 
built in an American shipyard, of American materials, and by American workmen. 




The G 



A Servi 





rKia-Fl,.ridc 



imi:n.U)k ijk.ck, s. 



service was inaii,i^uratcd in 
1870, the steamers making semi-weekly trips between 
Fernandina and New York, in connection with what 
was then the Florida Railway & Navigation Company 
(n.iw the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad Com'- 
]3any). F(.)r many years the Mallory Company furnished 
the only water transportation between Florida and the 
North, and by its efficient service established the solid 
IJopularity it has ever since enjoyed; and there is to-day 
scarcel_\- a person in Georgia or Florida Init has heard 
of the "Mallory Line," and thousands there be whose 
privilege it has been to make voyages on their splendid 
vessels, which always remains with them as a pleasant 
memory. The opening of the New Line of the Florida 
Central & Peninsular Railroad, and its connection with 
the Southern Railway Company at Everett City, enables 
the :\L'illnry Line to place its jiassengers in Jacksonville 
in abdut seventy liours fmni New York. Close ci>n- 
nection is made at Brunswick for passengers either 
.going North or coming from the North, trains leaving 
Jacksonville in the morning, landing their passengers 
in about three hours alongside the steamers in Bruns- 
wick, and vice versa. The .steamers on this route sail 
from the Mallory Line Pier (No. 21, East River) every 
Friday, at ;, i'. .\i., arriving at Brunswick, (ia., in about 
si.\ty hours from New York. The city is beautifullv 
situated upon a level peninsular of about three miles 
in length and two miles in width, and surrounded on 
three sides by the sea, everywhere deep and navigable. 
The Islands of St. Simons and Jekyl lie between the 
ocean and the mainland, thereby affording ample pro- 
tection to the shipping in the harbor, and forming a 
most charming approach to the city, a view that always 
calls forth exclamations of delight. The steamers of 
the Mallory Line go directly to the wharf at Brunswick, 
where close connection is made with the railroads, the 
Cumlierland Steamboat Route for Jekyl Island, Cumber- 
land Island, and Fernandina, and all steamboats for the 
interior towns, such as Albany, Macon, Americus, 
Columbus, Atlanta, lVc, &c. Leaving Brunswick, the 
steamer proceeds to Fernandina, the terminus of the 
Mallory Line steamers. Fernandina itself is of no 
insignificant importance. It has the largest and deepest 
harbor on the eastern coast of the vState. The 
steamers come up alongside the docks at I'Y'rnandina, 
which is alongside the de]Jot, where close connec- 
tion is made, via the Florida Central cV Peninsular 
Railroad for all i)oints in Florida. Year by year the 
migration of our Xorlhern population, during the 
Winter months, increases to the various charmin''- 




resorts of Florida, and nowhere can a more delightful sojourn be made, especially when it is so 
easy of access via the Mallory Steamship Line. 

The Mallory Line steamers are easily recognized by their beautiful Trade Mark, as well as the 
red star on flag and smokestacks. The Trade Mark is an open 
port-hole, with one of the steamers in view, under a full head 
of steam, gallantly breasting the waves of the beautiful blue. 

The Galveston Service. 

Almost thirty years ago the line was established between 
New York and Galveston, Texas — the boats then being built of 
wood, as iron had not at that time been thought of in tlic 
construction of a steamship. For many years the Mallorv Line 
was the onl}' direct means of communication between the North 
and Texas, as the railroads had not then reached into that 
State — the great network of rails of to-day being a possibility 
that few dreamed of. Meanwhile the steamship line continued 
to improve its service, and the result is that to-day there is not i hk M.\i,i.(ikv i,i-\h, ik.ade m.m 

a single wooden steamer owned by the Company; instead, a 

magnificent fleet of iron steamships, aggregating over 33,000 tons, or nearly 3,000 tons to each, now 
plies between the Northern States and the State of Texas, giving a tri-weekly service during the busy 
seasons, and making the voyage in six days from New York. The first and only stop on this route 
made by the steamships of the Mallory Line, sailing from New York Saturdays, and from Galveston on 
Wednesdays, is at Key West (population 20,000), situated on one of the islands known as the Florida 
Keys, at the extreme south of the peninsular, and is said to be the only city in the United States 
that has never known a frost. This far scuili cit\ <>( the Keys is becoming more and more a winter 
resort. The scenery among the adjacent islands is unecjualled in beauty, and the islands or Keys 
themselves are alive with birds of gay 
plumage, such as snipe, plover, doves, 
ducks, and other water fowl. The clear 
waters also teem with fish in great variety, 
from the modest mullet to the monstrous 
tarpon. At Key West connection is made 
with the Plant steamship Line for Cuba 
(a trip to which place will be of interest 
to the tourist), also for Port Tampa, on 
the Gidf Coast. 

The City of Galveston (terminus ot 
the Mallory Steamship Line) is situated on 
the east end of Galveston Island, \Mth tn 
available wharf frontage of three miles 
It is the chief port and commercial clt^ 1 i 
the State, handling nearly 1,250,000 bales 
of cotton yearly, besides vast quantities ot 
wool and hides, tallow and lumbei The 
population is nearly 32,000. The cit\ is 
well laid out, with fine, broad streets, and ofiuks ,\xi) uocks, imi-ks jo-21, lAsr river, new \ 

many handsome private residences. 

Bolivar Beach, on the Gulf side, is world renowned. Its surf bathing is not surpassed, even if 
equalled, by that of any other place on the Gulf or Atlantic Coast. The city is connected with the 
railway systems of the State by the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railroad, and the Galveston, 
Houston & Henderson Division of the International & Great Northern Railroad. The tracks of the 
road are laid along the water front of the citv, and on the wharves, so that there is close and 




immediate eonneetinii with the steamships nf the Mallnry Line as tlie}' li 
enabling passengers to pass to or from the cars and steamers with mi delay o 
Galveston the Mallory Line is in communication with Mexico in the South 
West, and the great Northern and North-western sections of tlie States. 



at 


thei 


r lierths, thu: 


inc' 


i.inve 


nience. 


Fron 


Sa 


n Fi 


i-ancisco 


in tht 



In addition to tl 



iwing lines ha 



.rtic 



in lacksonx 



Baltimore & Jacksonville Packet Line. John G. Christoplicr, agent. 

Beach & Miller Line. John F. Rhoads, manager, St. Johns River service. 

Independent Line Steamers. C. E. (yarner, general manager, St. Jolms River service. 

Indian River Steamboat Company. R. B. Cable, general manager. 

Jacksonville &• jMayport Steamboat Company. St. Johns River service. 

Merchants' cV" Miners' Transportation Company. N. Cohen, agent, Jacks(jnville and Ball 
service. 

Merchants' Steamship Company of Florida. J. (i. Christopher, general tnanager, Jacksi 
and Philadelphia service. 

C)cean Steamship Company. Walter Hawkins, agent, New York and .Savannah service. 

Philadelphia Steamship Company. \V. H. Coates, agent. 

St. Johns River Day Line. Steamer Jolm Sylvester. St. Johns River service. 

For other information on transportation see St. Johns River Commerce. 



t 










MANUFACTURES. 




Jacksuiivil 



\C KSONVILLE is advantageously situated, commercially and geographically, to 
1)t(.<ime a manufacturing center, though Florida has heretofore been content to 
(lL\Lln]) lier agricultural resources and import in great measure her manufactured 
waics But this wasteful method cannot long continue in a State grown as populous 
and wealthy as Florida. The juxtaposition of railways, river and ocean port at 
j; the great Cjuantities of raw material produced in the vState; the cheapness and 
dispatch with which other raw material may be imported from abroad, and the field presented for 
the sale of goods manufacttired, combine to make it more than probable that manufactures at 
Jacksonville will soon spring into 
new life and grow as the whole- 
sale trade, the hotel-keeping 
industry, and the transportation 
business have grown. Already 
the past few years have shown a 
marked increase in the number 
of manufacturing establishments 
and the amount of capital in- 
vested. At present there are 
upwards of one hundred faeturies. 
great and small, in the City, 
employing an aggregate capital 
of about $2,000,000. These dif- 
ferent establishments manufac- 
ture over sixty distinct articles 
or commodities. 

LUMBER MILLS. 

Lumber and timber are the 
chief manufacturing industries in 
Jacksonville, as well as in Florida. 
In 1894 there were manufactured 
in Florida, of yellow pine lumber s ieamkr " crkscent. " 

exclusively, 3,000,000,000 three Built by llerrlll-Stevens Engineering Co. 

billion feet. The Jacksonville 

mills produce about 65,000,000 feet annually, about half of which is from the mills of the L. 
Bucki & Son Lumber Co. This company pays out annually $75,000 in wages for cutting alone. 
The price of lumber in Jacksonville averages about $10 per thousand feet, and for every thousand 
feet manufactured and shipped from Jacksonville $3.50 remains in the City. In addition to the 
home product, there is shipped through the port of Jacksonville, annually, from interior points, 
.something like 30,000,000 feet, bringing the total lumber shipments up to nearly 100,000,000 feet 
annually. 

CIGAR MANUFACTURES. 

Next in importance to lumber, in respect to the number of persons employed and the amount 
of capital invested, is the manufacture of cigars and tobacco. Since the establishment of the 
revenue service, in 1866, Florida has paid to the general Government about $8,000,000 tobacco 

102 




tax. In 1866 tl 
8416,000; and in 
duublc'd during the last d 



amount 
95. abot 



adt 



lk-et(--d was Sw^.ooo; in 1SS5 it 
"isoo.ooo. The manutactm-e nf 
, and nil cither indtistrv in the St; 



■-94, 



t" y:; 1 8, 000; m 
jrefore, has more than 
i^- mcire rapidly. Near 



Ouincy, on the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad, is located the mammoth tobacco plantations 
of the South, over 15,000 acres under cultivation, producing- only the finest Havana wrappers, the 
aroma of which is not excelled by wrappers y-rown on the Island of Cuba. Tobacco was grown in 
this section in ante-bellum days, but only in the last few years has this industry been revived. At 
the instigation of Mr. H. R. Uuval, President of the Florida Central \- Peninsular Railroad 
Company, a number of New York capitalists bought up thousands of acres, at a cost of several 
hundred thousands of dollars, and revived this most profitable industry, the success of which has 
been phenomenal. Cigar manufactories, employing hundreds of skilled laborers, have been 
erected in (Juinc}-. As an evidence of the increase in tobacco culture, see these figures; The crop 
of leaf tobacco in 1880 was :;i,iS2 pounds; in 1893 it was 1,827,1)00 pounds. At present there are 
fifteen regularly established cigar factories in Jacksonville, producing alxnit 6,000,000 cigars 

annually. The largest of 

^ these is the El Modelo, 

wliich emph.iys two hun- 
dred and twenty-five men, 
and has a yearly pay roll 
amounting to about $147,- 
000. Cigarmakers earn all 
the way from nine dollars 
to thirty-five dollars per 
week. Recentl}' a move- 
ment lias l.ieen started for 
bringing other factories to 
Jacksonville, and liberal 
inducements have been of- 
fered tl > such as will locate 
here. Already one of the 
largest in the country has 
been secured, that of D. L. 
Trujillo \- Sons, of New 

j York. Their factory will 

be removed from Key 
-ill '' I i ' West to Jacksonville during 

Built by .Merrill-Stevens Engineering Co. the prCSeilt StUUmer. This 

company is prepared to 
produce 6,000,000 cigars annually, just doubling the present out]nit. Xegotiations are under way 
with other concerns and the chances are favorable for securing several of the largest factories 
in the country very soon. 

SHIP BUILDIXG. 

The business of ship building and boiler making is one that has made mammoth strides 
within the past few years. The Merrill-Stevens Engineering Company is the largest of these, 
though there are several other lesser concerns engaged in boat building. The success of this company 
has been remarkable, and a brief sketch of their history would not be inappropriate. 




THE M ERR II 



;yi:.\^ 



IXCI.XEERIXC. COM PAX Y 



In many respects the lai'gest boat 
Orleans, and the most extensive contract 



lers and hi.ilei 
The Comi)an\ 



rs between Kicnmoncl and .\ew 
irgani/.ed in 1887, with a capital 



of $so.ooo. Bniiglit (lilt the blacksmith and boiler-makini;- business of J. E. Merrill cV Brother, who 
had been established since 1876. The incorporators were A. D. Stevens, J. E. and A. R. Merrill, 
H. C. Pike, and W. L. Lampkin. The two last withdrew from the firm later. Immediately upon 
organization, the Company bought the grounds and erected the present big establishment. Their 
business increased rapidly from the start. From twenty-five men employed then, the force has 
grown to one hundred and twenty-five, and they pay $45.°°° per year in wages. Their first big 
contract was the building of the Duval County Jail of iron and steel. As business increased, the 
works were enlarged. The main building now is 350x45 feet, with extensive docks, and a pier 250 
feet long. On this is an immense steel derrick, and shears, with steam hoisting apparatus, with a 
capacity of fifty tons weight. The discovery of phosphate in Florida opened a new and extensive 
field for this Company, in the manufacture of phosphate machinery. In this line they have 




surpassed all other concerns in the number of mines they have equipped. Phosphate dryers have 
been their specialty, and they have in operation over thirty standard dryers. Three years ago they 
began building steel and wooden vessels, since which time they have launched fourteen, in sizes 
ranging from a thirty foot launch to a seven hundred ton dredge. About seventy-five per cent, of 
the marine boilers in Florida waters were made by them, and their services are engaged as far North 
as Charleston, S. C, and West to New Orleans. The Company has special facilities for repairing 
and building. All the latest machinery is in use, and their capacity is only limited by orders. 
Skilled men are employed in every department, and the three officers are each adepts in their 
.specialty. These are: A. D. Stevens, President, and Manager Engineering Department; J. E. 



Merrill, Ti-easurer, and Manager Blacksmithing Department ; A. R. ^Merrill, Secretary, and 
Manager Boiler-making Department. Each of them is prepared to take the place of the most 
skilled workman in their several departments, should occasion require it. The Company never once 
closed down during the fever epidemic of 1888, and the so-called hard times has never affected their 
men's wages. Their business amoiints to about $100,000 per year. They have just completed a 
fine new steamer, the "Lawrence," which is in every respect a most satisfactory achievement. She 
was built entirely in Jacksonville, every portion of her, something that few vSouthern Cities have as 
yet facilities for accomplishing. On her trial trip, the "Lawrence" made twelve miles an hour 
with ease. She will be run between Puntu (iorda and Fort Myers, on the Gulf Coast. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 



The desire of every visitor to Florida to purchase and take away some souvenir peculiar to the 
State, has led to the manufacture of distinctive Florida curiosities, which has in its growth attained 
considerable importance. Alligators' teeth, boars' tusks, orange canes, and other native woods, 

sea beans, fish scales, shells, 




feathers, and 
polished and 



uriosities, are 
ed with me- 
chanical skill and artistic taste. 
Formerly these were sold only in 
Florida, chiefly to the tourists, but 
of late years the industry has 
grown prodigiously, and manu- 
facturers of Florida curios now 
send their goods to every part of 
the United States. 

Several factories have re- 
cently been erected for the pur- 
pose of utilizing the palmetto, and 
other native fibrous plants. In- 
genious machinery has been placed 
in the factories, which turns out 
lirushes, brooms, carpet, matting, 
mattresses, etc. The capacities of 
these fibrous plants have not been 
fully tested, but it is believed that 
they can be made to supersede 
hemp as a material for rope 
manufacture, horse hair in the 
production of plaster, and wood 
pulp for paper making. There 
are three marine railways with appliances adapted to the repair of large steamers and sailing vessels, 
and the recent completion oi new and spacious boiler works and foundries has provided suitable 
accommodations for this class of trade, long demanded by the satisfactory work which has been 
turned cnit. Large machinery warehouses in the city carry stock machinery from the leading- 
manufacturers, and numerous blacksmith and rei)a!r shops give Jack.sonvillc the means of supplying 
the State with machinery, boilers, castings and repairs of the lieavy machinery, at a great saving in 
freight and time. 

Two local manufactories of artificial stone manufacture a composite material, utilized 
extensively in building, and four brick-yards in the immediate vicinity of the City furnish 
a quality of brick which is better adapted to the climate than the more finished imported 
pressed brick. 

10.-) 



;k s ice fac'i 



The fdlldwino- miscellaneous 


variety of articles are also 


manufactured here in greater oi 


less ciuantity: 






Alligator Teeth Jewelry. 


Fertilizers. 


Paints. 


Bakino- Powders. 


Fish Scale Works, 


Palmetto Work and Fibre. 


Boats. 


Flavoring Extracts. 


Patent Medicines. 


Boilers for Steamboats, cSjc. 


Florida Curiosities. 


Pearl Hominy. 


Books. 


Fuel. 


Perfumery. 


Boots and Slioes. 


Furniture. 


Preserved Fruits. 


Brass Castings. 


Harness. 


Roping. 


Bread and Pastry. 


Hemp. 


Saddles. 


Brick. 


Ice. 


Scroll Work. 


Brooms. 


Iron Castings. 


Shells, Artistically Painted 


Brushes, from the palmetto fibre. 


Iron Railing. 


Shmgles. 


Cameos. 


Jellv. 


Ships. 


Canes and Carved Work. 


Jewelry. 


Soap. 


Carpets. 


Ladders. 


Soda Water. 


Carriages. 


Laths. 


Stairs. 


Chemicals. 


Lumber. 


Steam Engines. 


Cigarettes. 


Marmalade. 


Stone, Artificial. 


Cigars. 


Machinery. 


Terra Cotta Pipe. 


Clothing. 


Matting. 


Timber. 


Coffees and Spices. 


Meal. 


Tombstones. 


Confectionery. 


Mouldings. 


Wagons. 


Crates. 


Oil Paintings. 


Yachts. 


Drays. 


Orange and Vegetable Cr: 


tes. Yeast. 


Feed and Crrits. 







bL 


wim^jms^MM^i^ 




i 


■ .. ! 


^ 




"fT^^ 






ICB^^ 




t^^^^s^ ' -^ ^'i-^f^—- 



WHOLESALE TRADE. 




Litv 



UST WHAT the annual wholesale trade of a community amounts to no man may say, 
as dealers do not care to make public their private business; yet a concensus of 
opinion, from several of the leading wholesale men of Jacksonville, places the annual 
wholesale trade of this City at upwards of 1^40,000,000. The magnitude of the 
wholesale trade of Jacksonville establishes beyond the possibility of competition the 
laim to be the commercial emporium of Florida. A few years ago the retail trade of Florida 



was supplied by the wholesalers of Savannah, Charleston, New V 
the medium of a legion of traveling salesmen. Since then, Imwev* 
by the establishment of extensive wholesale houses in Jackson\-ilk 
the greater part of the State by commercial travelers frt)m this Cit; 

through 




MLif 







k, and Western cities, through 
a revolution has been effected 

uid the effective occupation of 
By the establishment of the 

■ight rates to Jacksonville, as 
the basis of through rates to the interior 
of the vState, this City is given an equal 
opportunity with other cities to reach that 
field which properly belongs to her; and 
with this she has the important advantage 
of closer proximity. Another considera- 
tion is not without weight in encouraging 
the wholesale trade of Jacksonville, name- 
ly, the fact that Florida purchasers, in 
buying here, in effect, transfer the item of 
" profit " from another .State to their own, 
thereby almost directly increasing the tax- 
ililc prnpL-riy of the State, and decreasing 
ilicir own ])ublic burdens. The increase 
111 the \vholL'sale trade has been steady, if 
gradual, and each year new firms have 
put salesmen on the road, while the older 
established houses have found it necessary 
to increase their facilities and capital. The 
wholesale grain and feed trade is the lead- 
ing jobbing business of the City, engaging 
the attention of fifteen strictly wholesale 
firms, who also handle otlicr goods. In 



addition to 
i)rovisioiis 



these, some 
.nd groceries 



of whom handk 
there are twelvi. 



prodt 



and 



inns engaged in the groceries 
III business. There are upwards 
■ms engaged in the wholesale 
commission Dusmess, at ttie nead c)i wnicn iiiu_\ oe classified " 'I lie I'londa rruit 
Exchange," organized as a stock conipau}-. and incorporated in i.S,S5, tor the purpose ol acting as a 
medium between the fruit and vegetable growers and the large dealers in the Xonhern and 
Northwestern cities. This company is composed of a score or more of the leading growers ot the 
fruit section, and is co-operative in its plan. The directors include one from each county where 
the bulk of the fruit and vegetables are grown. They have a capital of $300,000 and transact an 
enormous business. In 1S94 they tried the experiment of shipi)ing fruit direct to European ports. 



of fort; 
)f which may 
orporated in i: 
.■rs and the la 



and it proved an instant and decided success. Florida oranges are the most popular grown, the 
world over, and those shipped abroad were greedily taken up by pttrchasers at prices above those in 
vogue in this country. The Florida Fruit Auction Company is a more recent organization, but 
handles immense quantities of fruit annually. The object of this company was to establish an 
auction mart, the intention being to make Jacksonville a home market for the sale of the products 
of the State, which object has been achieved. The methods previously adopted for the handling of 
the fruits and vegetables of the State, frequently caused a glut in one or two cities North, while 
other towns were as often left without supplies. By having a central daily auction of fruits and 
vegetables at Jacksonville, with 
the quotations telegraphed all 
over the country, and publica- 
tion made by press dispatches, of 
the daily value of the articles 
sold, the business of handling 
Florida produce has been reduced 
to a system, which has proved 
miitually beneficial to growers 
and buyers. The following in- 
teresting figures, showing the in- 
crease of field products for a 
decade, will indicate the increase 
in volume of the produce busi- 
ness in Jacksonville, as the great 
bulk of all marketable products 
from East, South and middle 
Florida pass through Jackson- 
ville: The total value of field 
crops, vegetables, fruits, live 
stock, poultry, and dairy pro- ., 
ducts in 1880 was $11,626,000. 

In 1890 it was $18,892,819, and 1 

in 1892, $23,822,168. In 1880 

the total number of boxes of oranges p 

boxes. The pineapple crop of 1890 w 




m 




m 



iF*1' 



'P of 1893 
IS 9,435.1 



-94 was 5,055,367 
10. Nearlv everv 



duced was 37,319. The en 
3,515,160; that of 1892 w; 
pineapple grown in the vState for market passes through Jacksonville. 

It may not be necessary to mention in detail the various other branches of trade which have 
in recent years expanded beyond local limits, and now stretch into and beyond the State, but in 
general terms it may be said that in the lines of hardware, drtigs, dry goods, boots and shoes, 
furniture, fertilizers, paints and oils, jewelry, stationery, earthen and glass-ware, fancy goods, etc., 
Jacksonville stands on an equality with other cities of her size, if not in advance. With abundant 
capital, heavy stocks of goods, intelligent management, she must continue to increase her facilities 
and commercial prosperity. 

JACKSONVILLE RETAIL BUSINESS. 

The retail trade of Jacksonville is estimated to he about $12,000,000 annually. This trade is 
not dependent altogether on the City of Jacksonville for its support. The numerous small towns 
and villages along the banks of the St. Johns River, and the various railroads which centre in this 
City, make Jacksonville their headquarters for food and furnishing supplies; then the numerous 
farmers scattered throughout Duval and the neighboring Counties, come to Jacksonville with their 
produce and barter their goods for supplies for their homes and farms. The retail trade is not 
spasmodic, but continues steadilv the year round. Business is conducted largely upon a cash basis. 



and as a rule the houses are in a flourishing condition. DuriiiL;^ the "■ hard times' 
failures in Jacksonville than any place of ecjual size on the continent. As a matte 
cannot recall a single failure in Jacksonville during the two years when every 
suffering from business depression. There was possibly one, or even two, but of i 
character, if so. 



ner section was 
cry insignificant 




On the Line o 



BANKING FACILITIES. 




IN the case nf Jacksonville's municipal linances, her citizens can point with pride 
tu the substantial and satisfactory condition of the banking institutions of the city. 
The bankers are conservative, and have never yielded to the fascination of speculation, 
and as a consequence, failures and suspensions are conspicuous by reason of their 
absence, while the defaulting official is an unknown quantity. In 1870 there was but 
one hank in Florida, that of B. C. Lewis & Sons, at Tallahassee. There are now forty-five, of 
which eighteen are national. In 1S70 Mr. D. G. Ambler established the first banking house in 
Jacksonville. Mr. E. W. Denny had undertaken to do a banking bu.siness, but, it appears, without 
great success. At this time loans were made at the rate of two per cent, a month, and enormous 
profits were realized. In 1874 three additional banks were established here ; one, the Freedman's Bank, 
soon went into liquidation. Another was the Florida Savings Bank, organized by J. C. Greeley, 
now senior member of the firm of Greeley, Rollins ^: Morgan, and Dr. J. H. Paine. The third was 
the First National Bank, organized by J. M. Schumacher, now its president, his father-in-law, 
General F'rancis E. Spinner, Ex-Secretary of the Treasury, and others. The National Bank of 
Jacksonville was organized about 1876. Ambler's Bank came to be known as Ambler, Marvin & 
Stockton, two clerks being taken into the businesss, and out of this grew the National Bank of the 
State of Florida and The Merchants' National Bank. The remaining banks are of more recent 
organization. The Florida banking laws are patterned after the National Banking Act, and are, 
therefore, sound and effective. The system of banking in Florida is very similar to that in vogue 
in the Eastern States. It differs materially from the system prevailing in other Southern States, 
in that they do not here advance money on field ]3roducts, naval stores, etc. The legal rate of 
interest is eight per cent. The latest rcjiort on the condition of the National Banks of Florida, of 



which the 
appended ; 



ightc 



:-n, IS 



vear old, but there hr 



_^en little mate 



May 4rH, 



:hange since. It is here 



(ESOl'RCES. 



Loans and discounts, .... 

Overdrafts secured and unsecured, . 

U. S. bonds to secure circulation, 

U. S. bonds to secure deposits, 

Stocks, securities, etc., ... 

Due from approved reserve agents, . 

Due from other National Banks, . 

Due from State Banks and bankers, 

Banking-house, furniture and fixtures, 

Other real estate and mortgages owned 

Premiums on U. S. Bonds. . 

Checks and other cash items. 

Bills of other banks, 

Fractional paper currency, nickels, dimes, cent 

Specie, . . . 

Legal tender notes, 

Redemption fund with U. S. '. 

secure circulation, . 
Exchanges for clearinghouse. 
Due from U. S. Treasury other 

cent redemption fund, 
Assessments unpaid, . 



S3,SiS 


317 


74 


81 


68 3 


95 


392 


500 


00 


75 


000 


00 


f,23 


052 


92 


1,105 


553 


77 


39'> 


472 


42 


ISS 


477 


10 


203,379 


59 


9' 


oS,S 


r4 


50 


488 


79 


37 


7S2 


10 


no 


186 


00 



Capital stock paid in. 

Surplus fund 

Undivided profits, . 

National Bank notes outstanding. 



,400,000 00 
311,800 00 
200 413 10 
308,210 00 



easurv to 



nan 5 per 



2,240 00 
2,044 S5 



Dividends unpaid 6,301 00 



Individual deposits subject 

to check, . . .§4.746,24449 

Demand certificates of deposit, 218,548 48 
Certified checks, . . . 9,942 gS 

Cashiers' checks, . . 2,990 25 

United States deposits, . . 65,15999 
Deposits of U. S. disbursing 

officers, .... 9>S57 94 

Due to other National Banks, 177,996 91 
Due to State Banks and 

bankers. .... 290,321 44— $5,521,062 41 
Notes and bills rediscounted, . . . 103,955 37 



Total, 



There are in Jacksonville ten banks; foui 
National Bank of Jacksonville, National Bank c 



■ Na- 
f th( 



ional, > 
State 



ne vStatfc 
)f Florid 



and fiv 
, Merchant: 



. $7,851,741 S8 
private, as follows: 



National Bank, 



First National Bank of Flnrida, State Bank of Florida. Soutlicrn SavinL;s \- Trust Compan\ 
.Savings and Trust C<im]iany nf Florida. The average deposits in the above banks at the la? 
report amounted to §,5.200,000. There are other banks, which do not, however, transact a gener: 
banking business, to wit: the Land Mortgage Bank of Florida, of London. England; Florul 
Investment and Savings Bank, and the Bouknight Banking Company. 

The following figures, taken from the reports of the Comptroller of the Currency, shows tl' 
prosperous condition of the banks: 



The deposits of the consolidated banks (cimiposing the Jacksonville Clearing House) on December 19, 

1S94, were appro.\imately, .......... $2,500,000 00 

Loans and discounts. ............ 2,oco,ooo 00 

Surplus and undivided profits (not including capital), ........ 250,000 00 

On the same date in 1893 the deposits were ......... 2,000,00000 

Loans and discounts, ............ 1,500,000 00 

Showing an increase in deposits of ......... . 500,000 00 

And loans and discounts .......... 500,000 00 

The Clearing House Association shows that during the year 1S94 the checks of the different banl<s put 

through the Clearing House aggregated ........ 19.222.464 13 

And balances ............. 3,641,069 11 

This is outside of any disbursements made across the counter by the different banks, which can be 

safely estimated at .......... . 10,000,000 00 

Showing that the business of the banks amounted, during the year, to fully . . . 30,000,00000 

The Florida Ikmkers' Association, 
organized in 1.S89, has been an active pro- 
moter of banking interests in the State, as 
well as of good fellowship amimgst its 
members. The Association meets annually, 
transacts its regular business, and holds a 
love feast for its memliers. The officers for 
i.Si)5 are; President, B. H. Barnett, Cashier 
National B;ink of J;icks(inville; Secretary 
and Treasurer. Thos, \V. Conrad, Assistant 
Cashier ^Merchants' National Bank, Jackson- 
ville; First Vice-President, F. C. Brent, 
President First National Bank. Pensacola; 
Second Vice-President. Dr. E. S. Crill, 
Treasurer k:ast Florida Savings \- Trust 
Comp.mv, Palatka; Third ViJe-President, 
L. J. j. Xieunienkanip, President Bank of 
Lakeland. I-Lxeeutive Committee; R. C. 
Coolev. Cashier First Xalional Bank; Thos. 
P. Denliani. Cashier National Bank State of 
I'lorida; Artliur I". Perr_\-, Treasurer South- 
ern S:iving \- 'i'l'ust Comp:iny. Jacksoinille. 

THH MHRCH.ANT.S' NATIONAL BANK. 




This IS oiieot the 
ing houses in l"lorid;i 
its liistory will jiroxe i 
1870 Mr.'l). C. AmbL 
bank in East I'^lorid; 






il b:ink- 
md a brief sketch of 
t uninteresting. In 
established the first 
and conducted the 



same under the name of "iVmb'er's k 
by two of his clerks, Mr. J. L. Marvii 
C. Stockton, who was then Book-keei 



vard the energy and interest manifested 
d the ijosition of Cashier, and Mr. J. N. 
inlerest in the business, and the linn of 



Ambler, Marvin & 
and careful attciuic 
In 1890 Mr. John 1. 



(ickton became well and widely known fi 
ti> the business entrusted to their care, 
Marvin bought the interests (if his partne 



Merchants' National Bank << 
largest propert} o\\nLis 
in the City of jackscm 
ville, and to d i\ the 
Merchants' N itnm il 
Bank stands in the ticmt 
rank of Florida's ftn me 1 il 
institutions. It has been 
stated that the ducctots 
of this institution own 
City property \\ < ith h\L 
times its capit il In 
January last the b ink 
moved their (piarters to 
the Astor Block, one of 
the handsomest and best 
constructed buildings in 
the City. Their banking- 
room was specially fitted 
up for them with furni- 
ture and fixtures of the 
most modern and ap- 
proved character, de- 
signed expressly for their 
use. The Herring-Hall-M; 
steel vault, a cut of which 



•ksonvi 



associatmg 



ir their conservative methods, prompt 
and for their financial responsibility, 
rs in the business, and organized the 
msclf some of the best financiers and 




rvin Company have built for this bank a massive fire and burglar proof 
ippears above. This vault is twelve feet in width, by sixteen feet in 



length, and nine feet high, the inside lining being one and one-half inches of five-ply welded steel 
and iron, and the outer lining one-half inch of steel, the intervening space of six inches between 
the two linings is filled with fire-proof cement. The foundation is of solid masonry, six feet in 
depth. In the vault are three compartments; one for the books, one for the money of the bank, 
and a third for the safe deposit boxes; each compartment having a separate entrance, the doors of 
each weighing about 7,000 pounds, fitted with time locks, latest combinations, and all the most 
modern improvements and appliances. 

The officers of the institution take pleasure in showing visitors and their friends through their 
banking rooms, which have been arranged with a view not only of simplifying and facilitating their 
business, but also to afiford the greatest security and convenience to the public. 

Their successful record of more than twenty years in the confidence of the business community, 
and their present increased facilities, warrant them in looking forward to a large increase in their 
business, and a still greater degree of support and patronage tlian that accorded them in the past. 



NATIONAL BANK OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. 



This splendid financial ii 
the chief organizer, had pi 
Stockton. The bank has li 
has paid regular semi-anmu 
its capital, or, to be more sii 



livid end 
inct, $9; 



vas (ipened for business in May, 1SS3. Mr. J. N. C. Stocktnn, 
'cen a member of the banking firm of Ambler, Marvin iV- 
irkable success from its start. During the past ten years it 
■;, amounting, during that period, to ninety-seven per cent, of 
,000. The capital is $100,000; surplus and undivided profits, 
112 



§io6,ooo; deposits, $800,000. It is the depository for the United States Government, and enjoys the 
confidence of its patrons and the public at large. Its policy has been liberal, but safe, which 
accounts in a large measure for its marked success. The men who are conducting the bank are 
well known financiers, who are noted for their prtibity and sound business methods. The oificers 




are: J. X. C. Stockton, President; Raymond D. Knight, Vice-President; T. P. Dcnhani, Cashier, 
and James D. Baker, Assistant Cashier. Directors: J. R. Campbell, George C, Wilson, Raymond 
I). Knight, T. T. Stockton, Richard McLaughlin, A. W. Knight, W. H. Baker, J. X. C. Stockton, 
and Thomas P. Denham. 



JACKSONVILLE'S HOTELS. 



Shall I not take mi 



IHILE Jackson\-ille, with her busy railways, stcamb xits, ocean port and extensive 
mercantile establishments finds her chiefest source of pride and satisfaction in being 
the Commercial Metropolis, it is as a cosmopolitan Winter City that she is most 
|ir^^^:: ^ <>^^4ai widely known. In fact, Jacksonville is the chief winter resort of the United States. 
Beginning years before the war as a health resort for the nervous and consumptive, 
Jacksonville has become a fashionable place of refuge from the inclemencies of Northern winters, 
and this result is due, first, to the attractions and benefits of the climate, and secondly, to the 
capacity, elegance and extent of Jacksonville's hotels. There are other causes, but these are the 








jAMKS 



principal ones. It is a fact to be duly considered, in estimating the value of Jacksonville as a 
home, that during several months of the year it is thronged with people from all parts of America 
and Europe — chiefly wealthy people, but including persons of nearly every degree, from Austrian 
Princes, English Dukes and American Presidents, to the sturdy mechanic and strolling artist. It 
is impossible that society in such a town can become provincial or exclusive. There are in 

114 



Jacksonville twenty-tive hutcls, several of which rank with the fashionable first-class hotels of the 
country, and innumerable boarding houses. The valuation of hotel property is given at $894,200. 
The number of tourists registering at the hotels during the season of 1893-4 is given as 102,730. 
There was a slight increase in 1894-5. Up to ten years ago Jacksonville was the only hotel town in 
the State. Here and there throughout the State, at wide intervals, could be foitnd a hotel of some 
pretensions, but first-class accotnmodations were difficult t(j find outside of this City. During 
the past ten years, however, hotels have spmng up by scores, until t1iey liave come to be found in 
every part of the .State. Some of these, too, are amongst tlie largest and most magnificent in 
the world. Notwithstanding this fact, Jacksonville has continued to liold her own as the chief 
winter resort and the leading hotel City of the South. Tourists come and go: they visit other 
portions of the State, but they make Jacksonville headquarters. It is the gateway of the State, 
and probably not less than nine-tenths (if the people who visit Florida annually spend a portion 
of their time in Jacksonville, manv of them the entire season. 



THE ST. JAMES HOTEL— J. R. Cami 



The most widely known, as well as the largest, of these hotels is the St. James, J. R. 
Campbell, proprietor. It is the pioneer fashionable tourists' hotel of Florida. It was built in 1868, 
opened January i, 1869, and has been variously remodeled and enlarged, until now it occupies, 

with its grounds, an entire block, surrounded by four of the 
public streets, and can accommodate five hundred guests. 
It is, in the open season, a little village under a single roof. 
Within its spacious corridors are telegraph, ticket, and 
baggage-checking offices; curiosity, news, book, picture, 
cigar and flower stands; with barber shop, billiard room, 
wine room, bath rooms, reading room, passenger elevator, 
steam heat, laundry, electric lights, sumptuous parlors, 
private supper rooms, spacious verandas, a band and orchestra 
of musicians, and plenty of agreeable society. There are 
thousands of persons in various parts of this broad land who 
visit Florida every season with ne\cr a thought of seeking 
accommodation elsewhere than at the favorite St. James, 
and the house is nearly always tilled to its capacity during a 
greater part of the season. It requires no mean executive 
ability to conduct an establishment where from three hundred 
to five hundred persons are housed under one roof. To 
provide all the comforts and conveniences demanded by such 
a throng in this respect, Mr. Campbell has been pre- 
cminentlv successful. He seems to have a peculiar genius 
for the business, and the entire machinery employed in the 
conduct of this vast establishment works as smoothly as the 
fine mechanism of a Corliss engine. There is never a jar, 
J. R. c.\mi'i;kli,, I'Koi'rii.i or. nor anv friction; no ])ause in the regular routine of the 

service, where all ordinary wants of the guest are to be 
supplied within the walls of the hotel. The St. James is the center of attraction for the young 
people of Jacksonville, and every evening the immense and handsome parlors are visited by many of 
the townspeople to enjoy the concerts and occasionally indulge in some of the mazy waltzes which 
are sure to be included in the programs. Saturday evenings the young people enjoy a gala time. 
The society set turns out en masse and the hours are devoted to an impromptu hop. "The 
Patriarchs," which is the swell dancing club of the City, have their regular hops and germans at the 
St. James during the season, and in this respect the hotel is immensely popular. For .social 
pleasures, for home comforts, and for general unrestrained enjo\-ment, the vSt. James has no superior 
in tliis State — or elsewhere. 




The S r. Jamks Riaff. 



( 



Jr ^ 




y 



■K 





THE HOTEL PLACH)E— X. L. Wai 



The Placide is all that its name implies, and more. It is a tranquil, easy and pleasant place 
of sojourn. The buildino- was erected in 1893, by Mr. P. Tischler, at a cost of about $60,000. 
About six years previously he had built one of the handsomest structures in the City, on the same 

site, in every respect a modern hotel, five 
stories hii^h. This was destroyed in the 
disastrous lire of 1891, and the present 
building was then erected. The Placide 
is a three-story building, aiTanged so that 
additions can be made with small trouble 
and an elevat<.>r put in. In finish, the 
hotel is very complete and artistic. The 
furniture came direct from the factory 
and was manufactured to order; the same 
is true of the silver service. The Placide 
sits one block and a half from Bay Street, 
on the corner of INIain and Adams, on the 
line of the iVIain vStreet electric cars. It is 
opposite the Seminole Club house, within 
view of the river, two blocks from the new- 
Post Office, one block from the new City 

— Hall and market and just about the centre 

iioTEi iM \cii)F "'^ business. There are sixty-two rooms, 

with accommodations for about cme 
hundred and twenty-five persons. It has its own artesian well: is supplied with hot and cold water, 
electric lights and bells, and every modern improvement that characterizes a first-class hotel. ]\Irs. 
N. L. Ward, proprietor of the Placide, has been in the hotel business for many years and thoroughly 
understands it. She knows the wants of guests and it is her pride and pleasure to supply them, 
hence the Placide has come to be a very popular hotel with travelers and tourists. It is open all the 
)-ear, and many of the townspeople stop there during the summer season and many others who 
make the St. James their home in winter. ]\Irs. Ward is fortunate in having as her chief assistant 
Mr. James Daly, a thorough hotel man, and a most polite and obliging gentleman. 




THE NEW DUVAL— Dodge & Cui.lens, Pk. 



As an all-the-year hotel, the new Duval ranks among the first of the State and has few equals. 
The location is most con^-enient, lieing in the heart of the business centre. It stands on the 
corner of Hogan and Forsyth Streets, on the electric car line, just across the street from the new Post 
Office in the Government Building, and one block from Bay Street. The New Duval is a 
one-hundred room, four-story building, rebuilt in 1893. It has an elevator, steam heat, electric 
lights, electric bells, hot and cold water and a laundry. The rooms are spacious and elegantly 
furnished with new furniture throughout. The Old Duval Hotel was burned in 1892, and the new 
building erected the next year especially for Dodge & Cullens. They occupied it December 12, 
1893. Formerly they had the Tremont, and when it was destroyed by fire in 1891 they took the 
Hotel Togni, which they conducted until the new Placide was built, when they took charge of it. 
Mr. F. T. Cullens, who has charge of the business department of the New Duval, came to Jacksonville 
in 1880 from his home in Georgia, where he was born in 1861. He became a clerk for Mrs. A. R. 
Dodge, in the Tremont Hotel, since which time he has been continually in the business, and has 
thoroughly mastered it in every detail. In r886 he acquired an interest in the business, and on the 
first of January, 1891, was admitted to a full partnership. He is an affable and courteous gentleman, 
who makes scores of friends for himself and the hotel as well. Mrs. A. R. Dodge has been in the 



hotel business for nearly tl 
cultured and refined Christian 
lady, who takes much interest 
in charitable work. Dodge & 
Cullens have always been suc- 
cessful in every hotel they have 
conducted, and their name alone 
is sufficient advertisement to 
attract a house full of guests. 
The New Duval is not only 
headquarters for commercial 
men, but statesmen, ])olitici;ins 
and prominent men from all ij\'cr 
the State make it their stopping 
place when they come to town. 
During the six months ending- 
April 30, the New Duval accom- 
modated upwards of 8,000 guests. 
The hotel is practically filled 
winter and summer, many 
tourists spending the winter 
there. Their register shows from 
15,000 to 18,000 visitors a year. 
The chief clerk of the New 
Duval is Mr. M. L. Howard, a 
nephew of the great soldier, 
General O. O. Howard. He has 
had large experience in some of 
Whitcomb's " Harvard," at Chicagc 



vears, and there rem; 



little for her to learn about it. She is a 




|f!lffi 



I"::* 




the biggest hotels in th 
during the World's Fair. 



luntry, notably: Raymond & 



THE HOTEL CARLETON— Cr-^po & Le Vene, Proprietors. 



The Hotel Carleton is an elegant four-st 
in 1876, at a cost of 11125,000, and was 
first opened for business on November 
20th of that year. The hotel stands on 
the corner of Bay and Market, two of 
the principal streets, within a blnck 
of the Court House, the Yacht Club 
House, and the Jacksonville Ferry. In 
1894 the property was acquired by Mr 
JohnM. Diven, son of General A. S. Divcn, 
of Elmira, N. Y., who has a beautiful 
winter home in- South Jacksonville. I\lr, 
Diven immediately began a thorough 
renovation of the house, which embraced 
every part, from the roof to the basement, 
at a cost of $25,000. New carpets, new 
furniture and fixtures, and new plumbing, 
were supplied throughout. It is one >>\ 
the niost handsomely furnished hotels in 
the State, supplied with elevator, electric 
bells, lights and annunciators. Bav Street 






linn ■ 

n ■« B ■ 



i ■■« «:^U 



N,Jrf, 



IB I I 



ii.X.Ifiii 






jjifejtewi 



ectric cars pass by the doors. The hotel overlooks the 



,-er, and has the licneht of the fre^h air and sea breezes, where thev are ij'reatlv eniuved from th 




■KI. L ARI.F.roN. 



Ijroad piazzas, which extend half arotmd the hotel. This renders it one of the pleasantest hotels 
in the Citv dtirino" the summer months. It is oi;en all the vear. 




sjuests. It was built about twentv _\-ears ago, and has been frecjuenlly enlarged and improved 



since. It is six stories high, surmounted by a great clock tower, the dial of which is illuminated 
at night. The hotel belongs to Mr. Nathaniel Webster. It will open in September, under the 
management of Mr. G. W. MacAvoy. 

THE WINDSOR HOTEL— Baker & Travers, Proprietors. 

The Windsor was built in 1875, by F. H. Orvis, but it has since been greatly enlarged, and 
has accommodations now for four hundred and fifty guests. It sits opposite the City Park, and a 
block from the Park Opera House. It is only open in winter, and is a popular tourist hotel. 



THE GRAND VIEW— G. W. Smi 



Proprie'i 



The Grand View was erected in 1883, and has smce been enlarged to triple its former 
capacity. It is built of wood, in the Gothic style of architecture, with spacious verandas, from 
which an extended view of St. Jcjhns River can be had. It aims to give the same accommodations 




to its guests that other fashionable hotels do, and at a less price, and has all the modern 
conveniences. This house is open from December to May each year. ]\lr. Smith has Chiswick 
Inn, at Littleton, N. H., during the summer season. 

HOTEL OXFORD. 



Hotel Oxford, situated directly opposite the St. James Hotel, City Park, and Park Opera 
House, in the highest part of the City; erected in 1883. Is three stories in height, surrounded with 
spacious verandas. It is elegantly furnished, and conducted by Mr. Campbell as an annex to the 
St. James. 

Other hotels of lesser importance are: The Travelers, St. Johns, Acme, The Roseland, 
Tremont (formerly Togni), Glenada, Warner House, Smith's Apartment House, Bettilinis, etc. 
There is no lack of accommodation for persons of all conditions. 



THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 




HE UNITE I) STATES Post Office and Custom H( 
is presented, is nearing completion. The supers 
W. C. (rreen Company, of Chicago, is finished. " 



;hich 



,,.t, , -- 1 , . ^-. , "'"'"' ''^'"'"k was done by Miles & 

|lh^i>^-Igr^lli Bradt, of Atlanta. There remains to be done only the interior finishings, including 
flooring, ceiling, plumbing, etc. These are being rapidly completed, and the building 
will be ready for occupancy by September. The entire ground floor of the building will be devoted 
to the Post Office. Nearly the entire west side of the building will be used for the lobby, with 
entrances both on that side and on the Forsyth Street end. l-:ntering the building from Forsyth 
Street, the first department will be that of the registry divisinn, whieli occupies the south-east 




corner of the building. Next to this are located the vaults, then the box delivery window.s, and 
next the Post Office boxes. In the center of the building, opposite the Hogan Street entrance, are 
the ladies' and gentlemen's delivery windows. After this comes the newspaper delivery window, 
and the carriers' delivery window. The Superintendenl of Mails then has an office, and occupying 

\2l 



the entire north-east corner of the building is the iVIoney Order Department, and a small office for 
the Assistant Postmaster. In the extreme north-west corner of the building are two separate offices 
opening into each other, one for the Postmaster and the other for the Assistant Postmaster. A 
large .space is left in the centre of the building, back of the various windows, for the working 
department. The Post Office will, of course, be fitted up with all suitable conveniences for carrying 
on the work and handling in the best manner the large amount of mail that passes through it. 

The second floor of the building will contain sixteen rooms, which are to be devoted to the use 
of the Custom Hoiise, Collector of Internal Revenue and United States Court officials. On the 
third floor is the United States Court room, which occupies the northern end of the building, and is 
40 X 60 feet in size. There are al.so twelve more offices on this floor to be used by the Federal 
officers. The basement of the building will be r:sed for storage, and will also contain the heating 
apparatus. The building will be lighted by gas, no arrangement having been made for electric 
lights, for some unknown reason. The tower will contain an elevator and also a winding staircase. 
The original plans of the building called for pine finish, but these have been changed to white oak 
throughout. The walls are to be of aluminate, instead of lime mortar plastering, and the windows 
will be of polished plate glass. It is a pride and an ornament to the City. It is the highest building 
in Florida, not excepting the light houses, the pinnacle being one hundred and sixty-eight feet above 
ground. The building complete will have cost $275,000. It is a substantial and enduring structure, 
which will serve Uncle Sam's purposes here for many years. No better evidence of the enormous 
business conducted in Jacksonville can be furni.shed than is found in the report of the business 
transacted in the Post Office. It is an index, too, to the growth of the City. 

In 1879 the gross receipts at the Post Office amounted to $16,354.06. From April 30th, 1894, 
to April 30th, 1895, the gross receipts were $68,046.94; an increase of $51,692.88 in sixteen years, 
or nearly six hundred per cent. The total amount of mail matter handled during the last fiscal 
year was 23,423,149 pieces, or nearly half a million pieces a week, and only five clerks to pertVirm 
the work. It is a magnificent record of labor. Following is the report : 

SxATEMEN'r OF BUSINESS OF J .^iC KSON VI LLE PoST OfFICE, FROIM MaV 1ST, 1894, I'O ApRIL 30TH, 1895. 
U. W. CLARK., POST.MASTER. 

Financial DF.PARTMENr — h. r. clark, assistant post.master. 

Net Receipts from sale of Stamps, Stamped Envelopes, Postal Cards, Etc , 

From Box Rents, .......... 

Total Cash Receipts, ........ 

Cash Deposits from other Offices, ........ 

Total Cash Received, ........ 



$66,687 

1.359 


07 
67 


$68,046 


74 
25 


$119,972 

$68,046 
29 405 


99 

74 
37 


$38,641 


37 



Actual Net Cash Business of Office, as above, ...... 

Total Gross E.xpenses for operating Jacksonville Post Office, 

Net Cash Profit to the Government, ...... 

MaILINO DePARI'.MKNT \V. J. IIKISCOLL, SUPERINTENDENT' OF MAILS. 

Number pieces of mail handled during the year, viz : 

Pieces. 
Mail of First Class, .......... 11,439,956 

All other Classes, ........... 11,974,772 

Special Delivery, ........... 8,421 

Total pieces Mail handled, ......... 23,423,149 

Made-up Mails Despatched. 

Transit. Total. 

Pouches. Sacks. Pouches. Sacks. 

5,600 31.S70 36,789 50,902 



:\Iaii,s Rkckivkd. 



Rl'X.ISTRY DiVISIlIN > 

SUMMARY Ob" WOKK FROM MAY 1 

Registered Letters and Parcels Despatched, 
Packages in Transit, .... 

Pouches Received, ..... 
Registered Letters and Parcels Received, 
Registered Letters and Parcels Delivered by Carrier. 
Registered Letters and Parcels Delivered at Desk, 
Official Letters Received for Office, Etc., . 



Registered Letters and Parcels Received, 
Registered Letters and Parcels Despatched, 



Total. 
23,407 60,649 



110,870 
4.S04 
23,965 



I.2h 



Free Delivery Division — r. w. .\u.\.ms, superintenuexi-. — Rejj'ular force, thirteen carriers; 
substitutes, three. The clerical force, exclusive of caiTiers, numbers fifteen men, and one special 
delivery messenger. Thirty-six mails are received at, and the same number despatched from, the 
Post Office every day. 




REAL ESTATE. 




!|HE COMBINED capital invested by incorporated companies in Jacksonville for real 
estate operations, reclaimin.L;- and improving- lands, manufacturing and commercial 
purposes — exclusive of banking, transportation companies, building and loan 

^ I associations and private investments — amounts to the enormous sum of $21,881,000. 

Oi course all of this is not paid in, but it represents the capitalization of the companies 
engaged. More than half of this sum is devoted to real estate operations, which are not confined to 
Jacksonville by any means, but reach over a great portion of the interior. The business of 
buying and selling real estate has for years been very active in Jacksonville, and a lai-ge number of 
persons have engaged in it, generally with success. Jacksonville has never suffered from a 
"hoc nil :" there has never been any wild speculations by syndicates or individual capitalists, 



,-, -"^^fimrr 



- ..^ ^ f.^ 



k 



^:it 








i& 



consequently there has been no unhealthy inflation of prices, no bubble blowing, but the markets 
have always been normal with the varying fluctuations incident to " good " or " hard " times. On 
the whole prices have shown a steady increase from year to year, and while values are equal to 
that of other cities of like size and prospects, they are not, and never were, excessive. Of course 
the value of property depends entirely on its location and condition. In the heart of the business 



portion it is worth as hiyii as Si .000 a foot front on Bay Street, with river and wharf facilities, 
while corner lots, a mile distant, mav be had for from .$1,000 to $j;,ooo. Building- lots in 
more distant parts of the City bring from $100 to $3,000. As electric cars penetrate to every 
portion of the City and suburbs, there is no reason why any industrious citizen, at such prices, cannot 
own a home of his own, and that within easy access to every part of the town. The Building and 
Loan Associations, of which there are several, all in a flourishing condition, are always open to new 
members. They have advanced many thousands of dollars to workingmen and others, who, by 
paying from ten dollars to forty dollars a montli into the association, instead of paying it in rents to 
landlords, are soon enabled to possess their own homes. These associations are organized by vState 
enactment, and have been very successfully and economically conducted, and of great benefit to 
their members. Through their instrumentality many a man in moderate circumstances has been 
enabled to build a house, which he could not have done otherwise. 



THE CONDITION OF LABOR IN lACKSONVlLLE. 




|hE FOLL(JWIN(i article has been prepared at our request by Mr. J. W. White, 
(General Organizer American Federation of Labor, who is thoroughly familiar with 
the facts, and can speak intelligent^ and reliably. 

The condition of the workingman of Jacksonville is a most happy one. The 
rapid growth and development of the city has furnished a demand for good men of 
every trade, at wages sufficient to provide for all the real comforts of life, as well as a dollar for the 
rainy day. During the recent financial troubles the workingmen of many of the large 
manufacturing centers were unable to procure employment, which resulted in want and suffering; 
such a condition did not exist for a single day in Jacks<mville, and I might add that, by reason of 
our varied industries, mild, healthful climate, abundance of cheap fuel and food, and the boundless 
charity of our people, actual want has no dread for our workingmen. U. S. Grant, Chauncey M. 
Depew, and other men whom the world delights to honor, have said that no place in the United 
States offers more to the laboring man than Florida. Capital and labor are on friendly terms, and 
strikes are few, compared with other sections of the country. ( )ur mechanics, as a rule, are worthy 
and competent men, who receive good pay for good service. ^Vorkingmen's unions are large and 
prosperous. Among the organized trades we might mention the printers, carpenters, brick-masons, 
painters, barbers, and plumbers. The clerks and salesmen also maintain an organization, and the 
American Federaticm of Labor, which is composed of men of every trade and profession, is an active 
factor in Jacksonville trades unionism, and a firm advocate of the rights of the man who earns his 
bread by the sweat of his brow. Jacksonville being the natural commercial emporium and business 
Metropolis of Florida, with eight railroads, nine miles of river front lined with vessels and 
steamships from various parts of the world, numerous saw mills, fiber factories, phosphate works, 
etc., one can readily understand that a vast army of common laborers, as well as clerks and 
mechanics, are needed to care for these large and rapidly growing interests. To the poor man 
Jacksonville offers every opportunity to secure that sweetest of all sjjots — a home. T.and is 
comparatively cheap, and building material may be obtained on easy terms, or a home may be 
purchased complete on easy monthly payments, from some of the numerous building and loan and 
other organizations that have done so much in the past to make Jacksonville a city of homes. 
From five hundred to one thousand dollars will buy a comfortable home for a small family, while 
the'man who can afford to pay a little more can secure a home with all needed improvements. 
This estimate refers to the suburbs, which are all reached by electric cars, and, therefore, convenient 
and pleasant as a place of residence— in fact preferred by the average man with a family. Rents 
are very reasonable, and growing cheaper as the City expands. Nearly all of the suburban 
residents have their vegetable and flower gardens, but the best crop raised by the average 
Jacksonville workingman is his healthy babies. 1-lorida sunshine paints the cheek of the little one 



with the roseate hue of health, and it has been said by a Jacksonville physician that the only way to 
kill a child would ba to cut its head off and hide it. Nine hours constitutes a day's work at present, 
but the labor unions are making a strong and determined fight for eight hours. Wages per hour 
prevail here about as follows: 

Stone masons, 40 cents; bricklayers, 25 to 30 cents; plasterers, 25 to 30 cents; hod carriers, 10 
cents; carpenters, rough, 15 cents; carpenters, regular, 20 cents; carpenters, finishers, 25 1030 cents; 
stone cutters, 40 cents; house pamters, 25 to 30 cents; plumbers, 30 cents; steam fitters, 30 cents; 
gas fitters, s° cents; helpers, 10 cents; tmsmiths. 20 to 30 cents; rookers, 30 cents; diggers, 10 to 15 
cents, general Lommnn la1)nr, 10 cents, lathers receive $1 per 1,000; sign painters work by the inb. 




H Ar JL'l'ITER. 



ille, St. Aligusti 



as a rule: paper hangers and decorators receive from $1.50 to $4 per day. General rate for 
Jacksonville per hour, 24 cents. 

The above wages, with steady work, in a city with the advantages possessed by Jacksonville, 
can but make the condition of labor, as we stated in the beginning, a happy one. There is but one 
Jacksonville, and she offers to the workingman that which is real, solid, hopeful. Among the 
thousands who have found homes of peace and plenty, many have become rich, while all have been 
made content. Many thousands more will follow the inspiration of such an alluring example. 
Jacksonville is infinitely superior in climate and in all resources which go to make up great cities 
and thrifty people to any city in the Union. Every new-comer cannot gain fame and riches here, 
but he can gain a good livelihood, and will all the time have the consciousness of being identified 
with a city whose glories he can proudly proclaim at all times and in all lands. 



JOURNALS AND JOURNALISTS. 




Jacksonville has 
widtlv known is 



ilAY be stated without fear of successful contradiction that no City in the United 
States of the size of Jacksonville can quite ecjual this City in the excellence of its daily 
journals. They give all the news, both local and teleoraphic, and in this respect 
they cover the news fields as thorong'hly as the metropolitan "blanket sheets," with 
the advanta,ge of .greater abridyement, which is more satisfactory to the busy man. 
las five daily, ten weekly. ;ind six monthly pajiers. of which the oldest and most 



FLORIDA TIMES-UNIOX. 




South, 
edition 



It is 

)f l\V( 



IHE -I'lMES-U: 



an ci.t^hl-paj^e, 
Ive paijes. T' 



iper, issued 
has the excl 



rietor of the St. Louis Post, 
consolidated the Times and 
the Union, the two leading- 
dailies of Jacksonville, he 
laid the foundation for one 
of the greatest journals 
m the South, which the 
Times-Union has since be- 
come. Five years later Mr. 
Jones sold his paper to the 
Florida Publishing Company, 
at that time owner and pub- 
lisher ot the News-Herald. 
This company was composed 
of leading citizens of Jack- 
s,,nMllc, of whom Mr. T. 
T Stockton was the central 
tiguiL. ( )n purchasing the 
Times-Union, the publication 
of the News-Herald was aban- 
doned The company, backed 
bv ample capital, immediately 
bcyaii such improvements in 
the paj)i. I as were necessary 
to biiiiL; It up to the standard 
ot other hrst-class journals 
and make it the leading daily 
of the State. Their efforts 
were seconded by the public 
in such a manner and their 
service improved to such an 
extent that in a few years the 
Times-Union came to be one 
of the best known and wide- 
ly circulated papers in the 
in the year, with a Sunday 
leni Associated Press, United 



Press, New Yt)rk Associated Press, New England Associated Press, and splendid cable service 
from all parts of the world. During- the yellow fever period of 1888, the management, with 
commendable enterprise and magnificent coirrage, issued their paper every day, giving to an 
anxious world the daily record of events in a stricken city and the details of life and death among a 
suffering and imprisoned people. During this period the Times-Union gained a reputation 
world-wide, and its readers were increased by thousands. In keeping with its line of policy to keep 
abreast the times in all improvements affecting modern journalism, the Times-Union has recently 
added to its splendid equipment the type-setting machines which have so revolutionized printing. 
Six of these machines are now in use by the paper, and in this respect it is the equal of any 
metropolitan journal. Telegraphic wires run direct to the office, making connection with every 
country on earth, and every facility is afforded for giving the news of the world each day. 

The Evknino Times-U-mhn is issued under the same management as the Times-Union. 
It is a four-page paper put up in convenient f(.)rm, and C(.intaining all the telegraphic as 
well as the local news. 

In the selection of his staff Mr. Stockton has displayed his usual keen business judgment, and 
has surrounded himself with a corps of assistants able and reliable. Mr. A. S. Hough, the chief 
editorial writer, is a Georgian, a graduate of the best Colleges of that State, and at one time a 
professor in the University at Oxford. He is a scholar and statistician of exceptional 
attainments, and a fluent and able writer. Mr. Hamilton Jay, the Florida Poet, is editor of the 
Evening Times-Union, and a man of conspicuous ability. His p:>ems have become celebrated, and 
are copied all over the United States, where they are 
eagerly read by his admirers. Mr. H. G. Myrover, also 
on the editorial staff, has had thorough training in journal- 
ism, and his natural ability, coupled with his extensive 
travels abroad and at home, have eminently qualified him 
for the elevated position he occupies. The City department 
is in charge of Mr. W. T. Bauskett, who, assisted by 
a coi-ps of able reporters, serves up the City news in 
a most readable shape, that covers the local field 
thoroughly. The Times-Union also publishes a weekly 
edition. 

THE FLORIDA CITIZEN. 



The Fhirida Citiz( 
sonville, but it was born a 
in December, 1893, by Mr. 
veteran New York journalist 



the yc.iungest daily in Jack- 
giant. It was established 
Lorettus S. Metcalf, the 
It is an eight-page, six- 




column daily, with a four-page Sunday supplement. It 
has a thorough telegraphic and cable news service, covering 
the entire world. Mr. Metcalf is one of the most widely 
known journalists in America. For nine years he was 
bu.siness manager of the North American Review, for five 
years of which he was also its editor. He foimded the henry george, jr. 

Forum, and edited and managed that spendid publication managing editor Florida citizen. 

for five years, until his voluntary retirement in 1891. Under 

his excellent management the Citizen became a leading journal from its first issue, and has 
shown a rapid growth ever since, in both business and influence. The managing editor of 
the Citizen is Mr. Henry George, Jr., a son of the celebrated Henry George, of New York. 
His wide experience in his chosen profession, and his natural and acquired abilit_\- make of him 
a thorough and finished journalist. He is assisted in the editorial department by Mr. E. E. 
Rolierts, an able and attractive writer. The City editor is Mr. A. N. Adams, who worked his 

12s 



way up from the ranks. He is a shrewd news^atherer 
field with admirable ability, in which he is ablv assisted 
als-i has a weekly edition. 



. and eo 
•p .rters. 



rs the h 
The Citi 



THE METROPOLIS 



The Metropolis has been one ot the must cunspieuous successes amnny Southern afternoon 
papers. It is a tea-table visitor to nearly every home in Jacksonville, and makes a special feature 
of local news, society events, rail and river items, etc. The Metropolis was founded in 1887, by 
W. R. Carter and R. A. Russell, both of whom had served their time in newspaper work. The 
Metropolis was the first afternoon paper to start the ten cents per week subscription rates, and 
coming, as it did, after the suspcnsiim of the Herald, it appeared at an auspicinus moment, and was 
a success from the very start. It is ably c(.>nducted and well patnmized, bcith in the subscription 
and advertising departments. :\Ir. W. R. Carter is editor: Mr. Rufus A. Russell business manager; 
and Mr. William Wallace Douglass City editor. They constitute an able corps of newspaper men, 
thoroughly representative of Jacksonville and her varied interests. 



Of the weekly papers, the Journal of Commerce is one of th 
illustrated trade paper, established in i8g2, and has been very su 
and proprietor, is a wide-awake and energetic man of business. 
Journalist, of July, i8()4, 
editor and proprietor 




of Common Sense, by August 15 
periodicals. 

There are several ])rofession 
especially identified with ihc local 



leaders. It is a Iwenty-tour-page 
cesstnl. Mr. J. \V. White, editor 
The Chicago National Printer 
of him: "J- W. White, 
f the Jacksonville (Fla.) Journal of 
Commerce, can claim the honor of publishing one of the 
best commercial papers in the Cnion. Mr. White is active, 
thorough, and capible, and has made his publication a big 
success from the start. His ])aper has a large circulaticm 
among the business men of Florida, who hold it in the 
highest esteem. He has traveled all over the United States, 
British America, and the West Indies, advertising Florida, 
and has published a large number of books, showing the 
advantages which Florida offers to the home-seeker." Mr. 
White was one of the founders of the National (iood 
Roads Association of the United States, and he is one of 
the \'ice-presidents of the Association at the present time. 
He is also a general organizer of the American Federation of 
Lab >v, and a member of the National Editorial Association. 
In Odd Fellowship, Knights of Pythias, and other organi- 
zations, he has taken an active part. He is a member of the 
Jacksonville Board of Trade, and much interested in all 
matters pertaining to the growth and development of the 
City and State. 

Other publications are the (irove and (larden, monthly, 
and the Southern Tourist, weekly, by Frank & WagstalT; 
ICchoes of the South, an illustrated literary and intellectual 
journal, by the Misses I';ssie and Ik-ssie Williams: the I'ree 
Lance, a temperance organ, by K. I). Chandler: the Advocate 
ing; several pa])ers b_\- colored ])eoplc and sundry other 



rnalists and 
but who st. 



;cnts in Jacksonville, not 
iM-ofession. Of these Mr. 



Solon A. Adams was for many years editor of a number of country 
City editor of the Florida Citizen. He is special cor- 
respondent for a number of outside dailies, besides 
doing special newspaper work in other fields. Mr. 
Adams is the proud father of that wonderful boy, 
George N. Adams, who has been winning all the South- 
ern bicycle championsliiiis. 

F. W. HAWTHORNE. 

Mr. Frank W. Hawthorne is one of the best 
known of Southern newspaper men. He is from 
Maine, a graduate of Bowdoin College, a learned 
scholar and an able writer. He came to Florida in 
1885, and early in the next year, in company with the 
late John P. Varnum, established the Jacksonville 
Morning News, of which he became business manager. 
In May, 1887, the :\Ioming News was consolidated with 
the Daily Herald, and Mr. Hawthorne became 
associate editor of the News-Herald. One year later 
this Company purchased the Times-Union, and Mr. 
Hawthorne accepted a similar position on it. During 
the terrible scourge (if iSS.s, it was Mr. Hawthorne, 
who, with splendid heroism, nailed the Times-Union 
colors to the mast, and held them there throughout that 
entire trying period. For this and his continued 
.services and conspicuous ability, he was, in 1890, made 
managing editor of the paper. He retired from the 
Times-Union in 1.S94, and since then has devoted his 
time to special magazine and newspaper work. 



rnals, and was for quite a while 




Hv-V.NK w. H.\\\ 



JACKSONVILLES CHURCHES. 




E DO NOT know of any city of equal size that has so many houses of worship as 
^S Jacksonville. There are fifty-one church buildings in the city, representing all the 
leading denominations of this country. At least one-half of these are for colored 
people, who are among the most devoted religious zealots of any people on earth. 
The Protestant Episcopal Church is probably the strongest denomination in 
Jacksonville, having six churches and several missions, together with a parish house and two 
Chapters of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew. The first services ever held in Jacksonville, of which 
there is any record, was April 15th, 1834. They were conducted after the rites of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, and were held in the Court House, in lieu of a church building. It was not until 



tS4- th It th(. hist chinch w IS eiLLtt-d On VjMil 4 t th it m. 11 thi. l mcist ne (it bt 1 hn s P I 
Chuich \\ is Uicl Dunn^ tliLsimc\Lii Bethel B iptist L 1iuk1i wisliclIccI md ckdiLittd But 

m 1S40 the Tib(_iniLk B iptist 

'V ^;^^ " -~ V^ ^^'^'^^^^^^^^S^^^^H '-li"'^'i \^ '"^ Umi/Ld St I hn s 

"* <.. - -^ *. - ' . - elinuli n unslK.l ind ^itw md 

ne f the liucst ind 
hicst L n^tc^ iti ns in 1 1 1 







-d. 

after the war 
about rebuilding, which resulted in their present splendid edifice. It was not, 
until a number of years later. In 1869 Rev. R. H. Weller lieeanie rectni- ( 
offiee he filled most creditably for more than twenty years. The ])rescnt rei 
Shields. D.D. The Tabernacle Bai)tist Church, or-anized in i,S4o. c(.in|)leted 
church in 18O0. The First Baptist Church was completed in iS<)4. a han^ 
Trinity M. E. Church vSdciety was (ir-anized in 1S70, and erected a church the 
the Roman Catholic Church was cuisecrated liy Bishop (;n.ss. The L'nion Co 
was dedicated the same ycai-. The curncrstonc uf old Trinity M. V.. Church w;i 
May 22 of the same year the ICvan-elical Lutheran Church was dedicated, 
destroyed by fire July 10, 1880. It was immediateh- rebuilt, beini.;' ciimpleted i 
Synagogue was dedicated in September. 1882. Among the other larger chui 
Andrew's P. E. and McTyeire Memorial M. E., both recently erected. The 
Church of the Good Shepherd (P. E.) in Riverside are preparing U> erect a m 
The residence of the Rt. Rev. E. (',. Weed, Bishop of Florida, has rccentb 
Riverside, and is an elegant and finished hcime. Religious sentiment in jacksi 
liberal and tolerant. It is also largely universal, embracing all classes cif indi\i 
moral influences are dominant in a marked degree. The ministers of Jacks^ 
learned and devout Christians, who exercise a lofty moral influence in the 
heroic self sacrifices during trving ei)idcmics have endeared them tn the pcnpl 
under the most trying ordeals their dcvotinn to duty, and faith in their huly cal 



,, b^ Rt 

B UIS \N 

S I 
H Ilexsctt 
n iS( I ( )n M 
chui ch w IS bui necl 
."oops. Immediately 
the congregation set 
however, completed 
f the church, which 
■t..r is Rev. Van W. 
and dedicated their 
Isnme brick edifice, 
same year. In 1874 
ngregational Church 
s laid March 6. 1878. 
Trinity Church was 
11 1882' The Jewish 
eh edifices are: St. 
congregation of the 
■w $18,000 building. 
■ been completed in 
mville is strong, but 
duals, and healthful, 
.nville arc as a rule 
ciimnumitv. Their 



EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



TH] 



'URLIC SCHOOLS 




attendance 
twentv-imt 



E FOLL()\VIN(; information coneernino- the Pnblic Schools of Duval County, is 

gleaned from the annual report of Superintendent of Education Joel D. ^leail, for the 

year ending June 30, 1S94: There are ninety Public Schools m the Count}-, of which 

fifty-seven are for white pujjils and thirty-three for colored. The total enrollment of 

pupils is 5,048; of these, ^,411 are white, 3,637 are colored. But the average 

for the school year was but 3, 41^3; whites, 1,770: colored. 1,723. The number of 

e as follows: White males, thirteen: white females, seventy-si.\ : colored males, 

colored females, fortv-two: total, one-hundred and sixt\-. Their ^alaries amounted in 




the aggregate to $36,862, which, with other items of expense, makes the total expenditures tor the 
year $53,596.32. The receipts for the same year were $54,310.35, leaving a balance in the treasury 
of $714.03. The school property in the County amounts to about $100,000. 

The system is so arranged that receipts and disbursements shall be made to tally as nearly as 
possible, as it is not desirable to create either a surplus or a deficit. The school fund is derived 



c 

Stat 



lills (in Teal and perscmal prnpert} 
)ne mill, which amounted in this 



.S(),'Jj 



taxes. 
t)o, and 



Tht 



."St tr 



.■nths 



nade 
if the 



t(ir white and c(.)li)red 
taxes are paid by the 



m a tax levy ot hve i 
unty appropriation of 
fimd of $2,326.76. 

It will be seen from this statement that equal pmvis 
children, absolutely without discrimination. And while nine- 
whites, the negroes receive an equal share of the benefits. 

The Duval High Schdol, nf which Rev. Frederick Pasco is principal, is a model educational 
instituticin, with the mdst nindern facilities for thorough instruction. All the grades are here 
taught that have been adopted in other High Schools, and the student is prepared for a collegiate 
course, after graduating from this schocil. 

The Jacksonville Grammar School ranks next t<. the Duval High School in importance, and is 
a most creditable institution <if learning. Miss Belle Washington is principal. The Board of 
Education consists of R. S. dckrell. President; W. A. Hours and R. H. Bowden. 

The past year has witnessed the establishment, and a remarkable growth in Jacksonville, of a 
branch of the Southern Kindergarten Association. The movement was started in Jacksonville in 
" f 1 89;,. bv Mrs. O. E. Weston, the principal. In her annual report, Mrs. Weston 

the aim of the 

goi-id ground for 

pon this ground 

tnemselves. In the 

.-re had been twenty- 

ning class, represent- 

_-nt States, which in- 

Tennessee, Connecti- 

llinois, Xcw Jersey, 

igan. ( )f this class, 

Florida girls, who 

"s of other States. 

irs two hundred 

in the roll. The 

the institution were the 

gent people of Jacksonville, 

nstitution the very 

ment. This departure 

new era in the education of 

in Jacksonville, and the 

the kindergarten is hailed 

;ht by the people. There are 

ranches in Jacksonville, and 

ivcment has the patronage 

leading citizens, it is 

.•diet that the institution will 

)id and permanent growth. 

facilities for the edtication of 

.-ksonville are far 

;e of most places. In- 

lown of its size, I doubt not, 

share in the public funds, 

higher branches arc taught; 

jranchcs taught here are: Natural 

Mathematics, Sewing, Phonography, 

<es. The Florida Baptist Academy is 




has so many schools devoted to this end. A; 
there are three Colleges here. The Cookman Insii 
Edward AVaters College, an industrial institution. Ai 
Sciences. French, Ethics, Mental Philosophy, Law 
Shoemaking, Tailoring, and Printing. It is open to 

j:i:t 



nong 
Lali 
both 



a colored theological school. It is a matter of nc^te that the most valuable school property in 
the City is the Jacksonville Graded School (public) for colored people. 

Massey's Business College was established in 1894, and has proved a success. It will doubtless 
be permanent. There is a school of physical culture. Professor J. Davenport Kerrison, has for 
several years successfully conducted the Southern Conservatory of Music, for vocal and instrumental 
culture. There are also a number of private schools for musical and vocal training. St. Joseph's 
Academy and the Convent are large schools conducted for the education of the Roman Catholic 
youth. There are also a number of private schools, which are as a rule well patronized. 
Altogether the public schools of the City and County are in excellent condition, and meet all the 
requirements for a liberal education. But Jacksonville is sadly lacking in facilities for teaching the 
higher branches o£ learning. There should be a modern first-class College here open to both sexes, 
and it is to be hoped that the near future will witness the founding of such an institution. As it is, 
some scores of young men and women are annually sent away to Colleges elsewhere to be educated, 
when they might just as well receive as good at home. A liberally endowed institution of this kind 
could be made to yield handsome revenues. 






. ^^ *.**te-A' 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 



m^ 




ACKbOXVILLE has her full share of benevolent and charitable institutions. Nearly 
all of the secret orders that are common to other sections of the country are 
represented here by earnest and faithful adherents. There are not less than six 
hospitals and orphanages here, the largest of which is St. Luke's Hi)spital. The 
building was erected by private subscription, and was opened to the public March ii, 
1873. It was destroyed by fire April 22, 1876, entailing a loss of $8,000. The present building, 
larger and more commodious, was then erected, and opened in December, 1877. The institution is 
maintained by private donations from charitably disposed persons, not from Jacksonville alone, but 
including persons from nearly every state in the Union, winter visitors to Jacksonville, many of 
whom hold life membership in the association. The oiificers and directors (if St. Luke's are 
composed of the wives of the representative citizens of Jacksonville. The president is :\Irs. 
Alexander Mitchell, formerly of Milwaukee, but for many years a resident of Jacksonville. 

The Daniel Memorial Orphanage and Home was erected as a memorial to the late Colonel J. 
J. Daniel, one of the hero-martyrs of the epidemic of 1888. Colonel Daniel was a man so 
universally popular, so noble and so pure, so full of charity for the poor and oppressed that the 
erection of a home for orphans as a memorial to him was a fitting tribute, and though it possessed 
the dimensions and magnificence of Solomon's temple, it would not do him too much honor. This 
institution is also in charge of Jacksonville's representative women, and their pious work in the 
care and training of orphan children has been the life and salvation of many a poor unfortunate. 

The Frankie Schumacher Relief Association Hospital was opened in 1884 by Mrs. James ^l. 
Schumacher, as a memorial to her eldest son. This good Christian mother, full of noble charity 
and a sweet Christian spirit, met a violent death by being thrown from a carriage in 1892. So the 
hospital serves the double purpose of a memorial to her son and an enduring monument to herself. 
The hospital is situated in Riverside, and contains wards for both white and colored patients. 
There is also a L'nited States Marine Hospital, and the Duval Ciiunty Hospital and Asylum, in 
charge of the Federal and County officials respectively. There is also a Colored Orphan and 
Industrial Home Association, for the assistance of orphans and the needy and distressed of their 
race in general. There is in addition to these St. Mary's Home for Orphan Children, in charge of 
the Sisters of St. Joseph, and The Boylan Industrial Home, a Woman's Home Missionary Society of 
the M. E. Church, and the following secret and benevolent societies: The Hebrew Benevolent 
Society, The Order of B'nai Brith and the Ahaveth Chesed Congregation of the Hebrews. The 
Grand Chapter Royal Arch Masons of Florida was organized at Tallahassee, January nth, 1847. 
Here, as elsewhere, the Masonic is the leading fraternity. The Masonic Temple in Jacksonville, a 
three-story brick edifice, recently completed, is one of the handsomest buildings in Florida. The 
Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, American Legion of Honor, Temperance 
Societies, Red Men, United Workmen, etc., etc., are all in a flourishing condition, with large 
memberships. There is a very active and efficient Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
Animals, of which Mr. O. Pieere Havens is president. The Grand Army and Confederate Veterans 
have strong posts, and the usual number of industrial associations are to be found. 



CLUBS AND SOCIAL BODIES. 




HE SEMINOLE Club is the most pretentious social organization in Florida. They 

"''' have an elegant three-story brick building, on the corner of Main and Forsyth 

Streets, that is an ornament to the City. Its membership includes the representative 

society and business men of the town, with a limited membership. The Florida 

Yacht Club has long been in existence. The present building was opened December 
19th, 1877, and the first ball was given on the 27th of the same month. The building is erected 
over the water of the St. Johns River, where a free play of air renders it the most delightful place 
in the City for dances and other social functions. Its membership is composed of the local society 
set and their semi-monthly balls, 
which continue throughout the 
winter, are among the chief 
dcliglits (if the members and their 
visiting friends. The following 
are the officers : 

Seminole Cluii. 

President, J. H. Durkee; 
Vice-President, Blair BurwcU, 
Jr.; Secretary, S. P. Holmes; 
Treasurer, H. G. Aird ; Directors, 
C. C. Robertson, W. A. Bours, 
T. W. Roby, L. N. Wilkie, H. 
W. Clark, W. M. Bostwick and 
John (r. Christopher. 



Yacht Ci.u 



Commodore, A. D. Basnett; 
Vice-Commodore, (i. H. Flem- 
ing; Captain, H. E. Clark; Secre- 
tary, W. W. Frazier; Treasurer, 
Robert Braden ; Governing Com- 
mittee, J. D. Baker, W. M. Bostwick, Jr. 

The Patriarchs is a dancing society 
hops and germans come off at regular in 
Infantry Club have an elegant suite of 
Membership is. not ccjnfined to member 




L. 


Z. Bava, A. d. Hartric 


\\ 


ith hcadtpuirters at th 


r\ 


als during the winter s 




>ms in their armory c 





the coniixmv, but is 



Ige and P. D. Cassidey. 
.' St. James Hotel, where their 
:"ason. The Jacksonville Light 
uarters, in the Mohawk block, 
open to outsiders who may be 
otherwise eligible. Their club rooms are supplied with all necessary equipment for popular 
social games, reading room, etc. The New England Society of Florida is constituted of natives of 
New England resident in Florida, and has members in nearly every County of the State. They get 
together annually and hold a grand banquet and love-feast, at which speeches are made, healths 
drunk, patriotic airs sung, and Puritan reminiscences rccoimted. 



THE MILITARY-FLORIDA STATE TROOPS. 



""IE FIRST BATTALION Florida State Trn.,ps to which the Jacksonville companies 
are attached was oryani/.ed in 1.SS7, with Major W. H. Vounj;' coiiiniandinL;-. The 
other commanders of the r>attalion were successively, W. D. Barnett, Rhydon IM. Call, 
and ;\I. P. Turner, the present incumbent. The Battalion consists of the following- 
companies: Wilson's Battery, Captain J. Gumming-er ; the Jacksonville Lig'ht 

Infantry, Captain W. J Driscoll; the Metropolitan Li-ht Infantry, Captain L. H. Mattair : the St. 

Augustine Rifles, Captain J \V. ISannon. and the St Au'..;ustine (hiards. Captain F. 11. (rreatorex. 





The three first named are Jacksonville companies. Major Turner's staff consists of the following 
officers: First Lieutenant James Y. Wilson, Adjutant; First Lieutenant C. H. Chestnut. 
Quartermaster-Sergeant of Commissary: First Lieutenant Lawix-nce Alexander, Surgeon; all 
commissioned officers, and the following non-commissioned ; J. C. R. I'oster, Sergeant- Major: E. A. 
Ricker, Quartermaster. The major and his staif are all experienced militiamen, of fine soldierly 
qualities. The oldest military company in the City, and perhaps in the State, is the Jacksonville 
Light Infantry, Company A. It was organized April 30, i.S^q, with one Mr. Steel as the first 
Captain. He soon resigned, however, and Capt.-iin Aristides Doggett, father of Mr. John L. 



Doggett, succeeded him. It was reorganized in ^lay, 1861, on a war basis, and Captain Dijggett 
led them to the front. The company served with conspicuous bravery and honor throughout the 
war, and at its close were disbanded. It was reorganized July 30th, 1875, but not a great deal of 
enthusiasm was manifested by the members until in 1880, when a strikers' riot broke out at Clark's 
mill, and the company was called out U> put it down. A thorough reorganization took place then, 
with W. B. Young as Captain. Ever since the company has been in a flourishing condition, the 
members taking great interest in it, till it has come to be regarded as the crack company of Florida. 
It has been impossible to get a complete roster of the company. It is commanded by Captain W. J. 
DriscoU, with B. B. MacDonell as First Lieutenant; J. S. Maxwell, Second Lieutenant; W. N. 
Benedict, First Sergeant, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Wilson's Battery, Company F, the crack artillery company of Florida, was organized July 17, 
1877, and reorganized June 8, 1887. It was formerly the First Florida Light Ai-tillery, but was 
changed to Wilson's Battery, in honor of their popular commander. Captain George C. Wilson. The 
present officers and members of the Battery are as follows; J. Gumbinger, Captain; C. M. Smith, 
First Lieutenant; E. Brough, First Sergeant ; Thomas Sneed, Quartermaster-Sergeant; Frank Owen, 
Third Sergeant; H. H. Newsum, Trumpeter; Joseph Lopez, First Corporal; Fred Oehler, Second 
Corporal; Charles Weltz, Third Corporal; Thomas King, Fourth Corporal; and Privates T. A. 
Bethel, J. A. Bischofl:", F. B. Butler, George Clark, H. W. Cosford, J. A. Diedrichs, J. A. Dohm, 
C. B. Duffy, W. P. Flynn, Frank Horton, A. M. Kantof, Fred Luneberg, H. R. Lohmeyer, A. B. 

Martin, E. J. E. McLaurin, T. A. Melter, Prcssley, J. R. Rice, and F. Weigant; Honorary 

"Corporal," Paul Cashen. The Battery is armed with a new modern Gatling gun, two howitzers, 
and a full equipment of revolvers and sabres. 

The Metropolitan Light Infantry, Company C, is one of the younger companies, but composed 
of a fine body of men, well disciplined and drilled. Following is the roster ; L. H. Mattair, Captain ; 
George G. Withington, First Lieutenant; John W. Kennedy, Second Lieutenant; John Linn, First 
Sergeant; E. L. Genth, Second Sergeant; (i. J. (Garcia, Third Sergeant; C. H. Ta3-lor, Fourth 
Sergeant; F. W. Kirksey, Fifth Sergeant; W. T. Brown, First Corporal; J. H. Bolster, Second 
Corporal; A. R. Doran, Third Corporal; G. W. Saunders, Fourth Corporal; and Privates R. A. 
Anderson, A. H. Bryan, L. C. Ball, F. E. Burke, G. W. Christopher, W. C. Cooper, C. H. Dingee, 
H. H. Hartley, E. A. Harrison. H. Harrison. E. A. Jones, M. Johnson, C. M. Kaufman, R. E. 
McDowell, R. A. Robinson, 1. J. Smith, J. Smith, R. E. Simps.m, O. F. Speck, A. M. Wright. 

The Jacksonville Cadets, composed of younger men, has just been formed, of which Graeme 
Drew is Captain. The Florida vState Troops are equipped with the regulation arms and accoutrements 
supplied by the Government. There are about 1,000 enlisted men in the State, who meet in annual 
encampment for field and camp practice. The Legislature just adjourned made an annual 
appropriation of §9,000 for the military, something they have had to do without in past years. 
Altogether the militia will compare favorably with tliat of other States. 



lACKSONVILLRS SUBURBS. 




ACKS()X\'1LLE Ikis a number (il 
one for residence ])urpnses perha 

RIV 



suburbs, but tht 



LSIDE. 



ion ot 


an 


>ri;.i-ni 




ant ni 


s nia 


■ be 


seen 


bv 


he fol 



What IS now called Riverside is the uTeate 
John H Mcintosh, m 1801, coniprisin-- eij^'ht hundred a 
extracts from Duff Green's edition of .Vmerican State Pajjers : 

1. \'ol. Ill, pa^^re 688. John H. Mcintosh presented his memorial to this Roard, pravinti' 
confirmation of title to ei.L;'ht hundred acres of land lyin^u;- on St. Johns River, opposite Cowford, 
with certified copy of concession made to Philip Dell, dated February iith, 1801. Ordered to 
be filed. 

2. Vol. V, pao-e ;,84, No. 60. Present claimant heirs of Philip Dell (John II. Mcintosh), 
orio'inal claimant Philip Dell. Date of concession or onler of surxey, iSoi; ei^ht hundred acres 
cancelled by (lovernor White, situated on St. Johns Ri\-er. 

3. V.'il. V, pa-c ;,.,i. No. 66. The heir., of Philip Dell, John II. Mcintosh, claimant, 

ei.i.;ht hundred acres of land. John 
II, Mcintosh produced deed from 
James Dell to this land, etc. 

This was years before Jack- 
sonville was settled, and when the 
river crossinq; was known as Cow- 
ford. The Duval County records 
show that the same tract was sold 
1)\ John II. Mcintosh to Francis 
I Ross ni 1813, for ,$2,000. An 
disti let of the property, traced 
thion.,h the succeeding years, 
sh( .\\ s m my transfers and divisions, 
md perfect titles to the present 
holdeis Riverside proper eon- 
l ims ihout five hundred acres, and 
h IS I p ipulation of u])wards of 
J .,00 prisons. Il lies alont; the 
bmks ,,1 the St. Johns River, in 

ot which it is a |)art. Riverside 
Axcnuc which extends over the 
viaduct, and follows the course of 
the river thron-n to the limits and 
KKSiDKNcK OK MK. .\ . H. KiN(;, KivKKSii.K .vxNK.x. . .11 i n to t he i. .1111 1 ty, is ihc principal 

street, and one of the favorite 
drives about the City. A portion of it is already ])aved, and the remainder will be tinished during 
the present summer, in vitrified brick. The electric cars of the Jacksonville Street Railway 
Company run through the suburb, which makes it eas_\- of access for residents and visitors alike. 
Riverside is unique in that negroes .are not permitted to own any lots in il; it is sti'ictly a white 





settlement, and it is the purpose of the residents to have it remain so. The suburb is suppHed with 
seven artesian wells, which have 
an output of water greater than 
that of the City water works. 
The Riverside Artesian Well 
Company has two eight-inch 
wells, supplying- about 2,000,000 
gallons of water per day. The 
following gentlemen also have 
wells on their premises: John 
G. Christopher, W. T. .Simmons, 
John Wurts and the Drew well. 
Then the Riverside Annex Arte- 
sian Well Company has a well 
that supplies 811 gallons per 
minute, or 1,125,000 gallons per 
day, making a total output from 
all the wells of about 6,000,000 
gallons per day. This will be 
ample for the needs of the people 
for many years to come. Water 
is furnished without limit from 
any of these wells at a cost of 
twelve dollars per year to the 
consumer. 

The unimproved portions of 
the suburb consist of high lands 
wooded with oak, hickory and 
pine. A fine \'ie\v of the river 
is afforded fr(jm this point, which 
stretches away for many miles 
toward the south, with a splendid 
prospect of forest and grove on 
the eastern shore. Heie, too, 
the full benefit of the ticsh mcr 
breezes may be enjo} ed as m no 
other part of the Cit\ Thc\ 
have a fair sweep, with nothm., 
to impede their progress unl 
summer is rendered compaiatu l 
ly pleasant thereby. 

Riverside Avenue is linc<l 
with handsome residences and 
many new ones are being eieLttd 
every year. During the \ c u 
1894 over $1 10,000 was expended 
in the erection of new buildinos 
in Riverside. There were also 
quite a number of expensive 

private residences. Many of the i 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 m k i i i i 

wealthier citizens have recentlv 
made their home here, and besides the electric cars and ordinar^ 




thinj;- t'< have a naphtha launch, (ir nthcr small b( 




:F. of MR. A. J. HKDKICK, RIVERSIDK. 




to and from the City proper, 
makinj^: a ver\- pleasant sail of 
a few minutes. 

A GRAND H(.)THL FOR RIVERSIDK. 

River blocks nine and ten 
have been reserved and set aside 
as the site for an ele_crant new 
hotel soon to be built. The prop- 
erty belon.i^s to an Enulish syndi- 
cate, of which BriL^-g and vSmith, 
of London, are trustees, and 
Messns. Greeley, Rollins and Mor- 
ji^an, of Jacksonville, are the resi- 
dent agents. The site emliraces 
about ten acres, situate on the 
banks of the river, where it curves 
.y-racefully from the westward. 
The situation commands a view of 
the river and adjacent lands for 
many miles southward, and to the 
north affords a fine picture of the 
harbor and business portion of 
the City. The hotel is to cost n<.t 
less than §300,000, and isdesigned 
to rival the big hotels of the East 
Coast. It is proposed to begin 
operations on this structure during 
the iiicsent summei 1 he people 
ot Rucisidt tike ^iLit piidc in 
then sulnnb lhc\ iic inibi 
tious th It then picmiscs shdl 
be d\\ i\s ne It md ittiietne 
then houses ]) luited md then 
liwns „ieen md .^lowm., md 
bloomm^ lhe\ hi\ethtn httk 
soei d sets independent ot the 
le t of the Cit\ It IS not neees 
s u \ to seek di\ el sidii uptown 
m oidei to p iss I |)le isint e\eii 
in^ 1 hex lie (piite suhieient 
wilhm themsehes 1 he\ loim 
an unicpie communitw Hv reason 
of the care exercised among the 
]M-omolcrs of ihc settlcnicnl as 
to wh., shall and who shall n..t 
settle am..ng them, the lawless 



N KUKRSIDK ANNKX THF. RIVKR IN III 

.■t them: they could not live there in comfi 

141 



nated. In fact 


there is nothin. 


congenial in R 


versidc to toiig 


characters, the 


e is nothing t 



imission of crime tin 
side, and when the t 



s \-ery ra 
uid traffic 



■; it is no pi; 
jf the day ar 



? tor 
dune 




( in an 
to the 



A SUHUR 


IAN RESIDENCE. 


1 phme of 


about twenty feet elevation at the 


The electr 


c car line extends to within a short 



of their element, hence the c 
Peace and quiet reign in Riv 
people may seek repose 
with the certainty of be- 
ing undisturbed, and com- 
pose themselves to pleasant 
dreams. 

" Bound by no ties that keep 

the soul in awe, 
They dwell at liberty, and 

love is law." 

RIVERSIDE ANNEX. 

This is really a con- 
tinuation of Riverside. It 
lies just beyond. There 
are forty-five acres in this 
sub-division, lying imme- 
diately on the water front 
of the St. Johns River, 
which affords a view from 
this point, extending some 
fifteen or twenty miles up 
and down, and six miles 
across. It occupies a picturcscpie 
Boulevard, whence it slopes gradi 
distance, and will be completed 
to the limits in a short time. 
There are one hundred and fifty 
lots in Riverside Annex at prices 
ranging from $250 to ,*5!6oo. Mr. 
A. J. Hedrick, of Jacksonville, is 
agent for them. It is one of the 
most delightful places in the City 
for residence purposes. It has 
graded streets, and an artesian 
well, with a flow of a million and 
a quarter gallons of water daily 

SPRIN(tFIELI). 
Springfield is another de- 
lightful suburb, reserved exclu- 
sively for white persons. It lies 
in the north central portion ot 
the City proper. It was formerly 
owned by the Springfield Com 
pany, who have, however, sold off 
the greater portion of the lots to 

citizens, who have erected resi- lulnik', m. \ i m mk i 1 -.kukidn. a i 

dences, as a rule, of a superior 

character, at once artistic and ornamental. The suburb is reached by the Main Street 
line. In Springfield is the Sub-Tropical Exposition, the water works, and park, and 



imais. 
' good 




jlectnc car 
the power 



house. The Gun Club aiul ha: 
location, and manv of the lead 



mds are also in SprinLjtield. 
have homes there. 



CAMPBELL'S ADDITION. 



This charming- suburb, a part of the City, lies directly east of Sprin-Held, and is one mile 
from the Court House. It comprises one hundred and twenty acres, purchased and surveyed by 
Mr. A. B. Campbell in 1SS2. The lots are 50 x 125 feet, and have always met with a ready sale on 
the markets. There are many handsome dwellings in Campbell's Addition. The place is hi,i;-h 
and healthy, and is reached by the Xewnan Street electric car lines. 

SOUTH JACKS! )X\'ILLI':. 

Immediately opposite Jacksonville, on the south side of the river. It has a population of 

about one thousand: churches, schools, stores, and everything- appcrtainin-" to a small villa.L;-e. 

Some of the finest of the suburban villas are on the south side of the river. Among- them. Villa 

Alexandra, the beautiful home of Mrs. Alexander Mitchell. All that money could do toward 





c-'nH'iBiibi:,il,IIIIJi)lllllli|i!i|| 



beautifying a spot with unusual natural attractions, has lieen done, and the tropical environment of 
the place, added to the constant improvements that are kept up, renders it one of the most 
picturesque and charming homes in the State. (General A. S. Diven, ot Klmira, New York, also 
has a beautiful home on the south side, as have also Mr. Cuiumings, of New York, which is known 
as Keystone Bluff, and a number of others. 

PANAMA. 
Panama is abotxt four miles from Jacksonville, on the north. It is reached by train.s over the 
Florida Central & Peninsular Railway. It is a tropical jjlacc, where the live oak, palm, and 
cypress flourish, and some choice orange groves are to be found. There are probably more 
natural attractions here than are to be found in any of the out-of-town suburbs. 

14.'! 



JACKSONVILLE'S SUMMER RESORTS. 




>'i • CLASS Jacksonville as a summer resort, is doubtless to provoke a smile from persons 
not familiar with her peculiar advantages in this respect, yet right at her doors is one 
of the finest beaches in the world, and one of the most delightful summer resorts on 
the continent. The beach extends from the south bank of the St. Johns to within 
sight of vSt. Augustine, about thirty miles of smooth, hard surface without a break. 

The beach is very straight, shelving gently, rotmded off by a high bluff, and free from snags, rocks 

and treacherous pits or holes. It is sixteen miles by rail to Pablo, and about the same distance from 

Mayport, which are the two chief resorts along the beach. 
The venerable statesman and former Treasurer of the 

United States, General Francis E. Spinner, of New York, 

went to live at Pablo Beach before any houses were built 

there. He lived a year or more, continuously, summer and 

winter, in a canvas tent, on the edge of the bluffs. To a 

friend at the North, who had expressed surprise that so aged 

a gentleman should live in such a seemingly reckless way, 

General vSpinner wrote as follows- 

"Pamlo Beach Florida, May loth, 18S7. 
"Mv Dear S[r: You wonder, and others, too. have wondered, 
why I stay here so long. It's because my health is better here than 
anywhere else. My doctor said to me: ' The salt sea air is a better 
tonic than any medicine that I can give you.' The ocean breezes, 
conjointly, with the sulphur water from the artesian wells, keep my 
system in perfect order. Fish and game abound here. The beach is 
the finest that I have ever seen. Bathmg is very safe, and unsur- 
passingly fine. I have now been here nearly two years, and the longer 
I stay the m.ore I want to. The ocean challenges my admiration by day, 
and lulls me to sweet sleep by night. As I am contented and happj' 
here, why should I go away? If you still wonder why I stay here, come 
and have yovir outing here with me, and you will wonder no longer. 
"Very truly yours, 

"F. E. Spinner. 
"//. B. Thompson, Esq.. lirookly,,, N. l'." 

(General Spinner spent the remaining years of his life 
at Pablo and Jacksonville, an even, tranquil life, and c|uiet 
rest from the busy cares of State, which occupied so much of his 
resort for people from the interior, as well as residents of Jackson vil 
cottages there. 




F. I.ATE 


GENER 


4L 


rR.4NCIS E. SPTNNER 


E\-TREA 


SIRER OE 


-HE UNITED ST.V 


ES. 


■vcntful 


life. 


Pi 


blo is a grea 




e, manv 


of wh 


nil 


have suninie 





FLORIDA ON WHFHLS. 




lEARLY everviine knows what ••Florida on Wheels" is; a travelin.!- e.\p( jsition, a .State 
Fair on wheels, that has been on the road for eij^ht years and has visited everv 
State east of the Mississippi River, with the exception of Mississippi and Wisconsin, 
and has covered over 100,000 miles. The car was built in 1.S87 by the Jackson & 
Sharp Company, of Wilmington, Delaware, and is of the largest dimensions allowed. 
It has six-wheel trucks, Janney-Miller couplers, air brakes, whistle signals, and all the equipments 
necessary for running on the fastest trains. The body of the car is a buff color, artistically 
harmonizing with the rich carmines, greens and other varied shades which the artist has employed 
in exterior decoration. This consists of a series of oil paintings, extending the full length of the 



;ar on 



ither 



ide, 



esentino- the best selecti< 



Florid; 



:-ener 



inch 



mg 



md 




lake views, orange groves, ])ineapples, cocoanuts and other tropical fruits and vegetation, the whole 
combining to make up a work of art of great merit and attractiveness and unique, to say the least. 
The car is built entirely of native Florida wn,,(ls of the most attractive finish, and is valued at 
$20,000. It carries specimens of about everything I'lurida produces that is worthy of exhibiting. 
It is necessarily in miniature but serves the jjurpose equally well. 'I'he interior finish is highly 
artistic. The New York World says: '-The one hundred and forty uiagnilicent iMvnch plate 
beveled mirrors reflect the beautiful collection, and make the whole outshine in splendor anything 
ever conceived in fairy tales." The car was originally jiaid for by contributions from cities, boards 

U.J 



of trade, railroads, and other corporations and individuals of the vState of Florida, who have long- 
ago been amply repaid for their outlay, in the benefits that have resulted from such an extensive 
and comprehensive advertisement of the State's wonderful 
resources. The Charlotte (N. C.) Daily Observer says: 
" Florida's Rolling Exposition is a State Fair on wheels. It 
is the most remarkable car on either continent, has been 
entered by more people on the inside, gazed at by more 
people on the outside, than any car ever built in the history' 
of railroading, and has done Florida more good than all the 
fairs she ever held." Florida on Wheels represents the 
State officially through the Department of Agriculture, with 
which Mr. Webb, proprietor and manager, is officially 
connected. He is also, by appointment of Governor 
Mitchell, a Florida Commissioner to the Cotton States and 
International Exposition, Atlanta, Ga. 

Mr. Wanton Stanley Webb, the projector and owner 
of this novel enterprise, is a native of Rhode Island. He 
came to Florida in 1876, and has been an untiring worker in 
the interests of the State ever since. He is by professiim a 
journalist and publisher, and his works on history, 
biography, etc., have been read far and wide. He has 
also been an extensive directory publisher. He is a man of 
conspicuous native ability and of untiring energy. He held 
successively the positions of Commissioner to the Paris 
Exposition, Director-General of the Florida Suti-Tnipical 

Exposition, and Special Commissioner to the World's mk. w a-\ k 

Columbian Exposition, and to the Atlanta Exposition. He is 

an honorary member of the Florida Press Association and of the Jacksonville Bo 
Alive tci every interest of Florida, he has, perhaps, done more to bring the resource: 
to the attention of the outside world, in proportion to his means, than any man in it. 




d of Trade. 
)f that State 




THE FLORIDA DREDGING COMPANY. 



HLS IXSTITUTK )X has recently become prominently identified with many important 
river and harbor improvements in Florida, such as channel dredging, jetty work, 
bridge building, etc. The principal place of business of the company is at 
Jacksonville, but it is empowered to establish branches and offices at other cities and 
towns, as it may be deemed expedient. It has a capital stock of $100,000, divided 
into one thousand shares, of the value of $100 each, and the maximum amount of indebtedness it 
may carry at any time is limited to $50,000. The general nature of the business it is authorized to 
transact is thus described in the "Articles of Incorporation:" All kinds of dredging, excavating, 
filling and work upon and construction of jetties, retaining walls and such other structures as may 
be necessary for the proper performance of any and all work of similar nature, and the obtaining 
and contracting for the same; the removal, preparation, transportation and sale of all deposit 
removed by dredging, etc. ; the building, owning, construction or otherwise acquiring and disposing 
of all barges, vessels, dredges, steamboats, tugs, engines, machinery, tram or other roads or 
roadways, and the operation and maintenance of the same, and all appurtenances and appliances 
necessary and pertaining to such work as shall be deemed necessary to best carry out the purposes 
of the business of the company. It is authorized to exercise all the rights of eminent domain as 
provided by law, and under its letters patent it is granted existence as a body corporate for the term 
of ninety-nine years. As will be seen from the wide scope of its legitimate work, it occupies a most 
important field, and the character and standing of its officers and managers give the assurance that 
its undertakings will be prosecuted in a thoroughly enterprising and capable manner, and will be 
successfully carried out. 

The gentleman to whom is to be accredited the honor of the inception of the enterprise is Mr. 
J. A. Bryan, the General Manager of the Company. Mr. Biyan has been engaged in this line of 
business for several years past, and is as able and experienced a man as can be found in it at the 
present day. The other members of the company are Messrs. A. R. and J. E. Merrill and A. D. 
Stevens, of the Merrill-Stevens Engineering Company, of Jacksonville, Fla. , and Mr. M. ,S. 
Cartter, of M. S. Cartter & Co., St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Cartter is President: Mr. A. R. Merrill, Vice- 
President; Mr. J. E. MeiTill, Treasurer; Mr. A. D. Stevens, Secretary, and Mr. Bryan, as noted 
above, is General Manager. Each one of the gentlemen named is a well known and successful 
business man, rated as sound and reliable in the leading commercial journals of the day, and their 
association together forms as strong a company as can be found in any section of the Southern 
field. 

The prospects of the Florida Dredging Company are certainly bright with promise. It begins 
its work at a favorable time, and, with ample capital at command, a fine equipment, and able and 
experienced men in charge of its affairs, its speedy arrival at notable success may be predicted with 
all safety and confidence. Its establishment, and the establishment of like progressive and 
substantial concerns, augurs well for the future of Florida. 

The above clipping is from the New York Mercantile and I'inancial Times of October 6th, 
1894, since when The Florida Dredging Company has become all, and more than was predicted, for 
it. It is now one of the solid and successful institutions of the State. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 




^^SHE following biographical sketches are of some of the representative business 
and professional men, who have been prominent factors in the building up of the 
Florida Aletropolis, and giving it credit and standing among men. Not all such are 
in this list, however, as there are other deserving ones, which it is not expedient to 
to give a sketch of here. These men, by their achievements, have won a place in the 
public eye and the public cuntidence, and have made records which deserve to be perpetuated. 



rk, Marcli mth. 



spr 



DR. A. SEYMOUR BALDWIN. 

Perhaps the most picturesque and interesting living figure in the historv of Jacksonville, is Dr. 
A. vS. Baldwin. Few persons are now living who were in Jacksonville when he came here, in 1838, 
at the age of twenty-seven years. Fewer still were old enough at that time to even remember, 
much less participate with him, in any of the stirring events of that period in which he had a 
conspicuous part as one of the defenders of the State, in the Seminole War, then raging. His 
history, from the time he came here, is the history of Jacksonville, for he has been prominently 
identified with every movement for the development and advancement of the City from its very 
inception almost, and now, at the ripe age of eighty-four, he may look back with pride and pleasure 
to his early struggles, and vic\v with satisfaction the evidences all around JTim of their results, in 
the present magnificent City. 

A. Seymour Baldwin was born in Oswego County, New Yi 
from the fine old English families of Seymour and Baldwin. 
On the paternal side he is sixth in direct descent from Richard, 
the elder member of a somewhat numerous family of 
Baldwins, who emigi-ated from Bucks County, England, in 

1638, and settled at New Milford, Connecticut, from 
whence have spread over the United States, Canada and the 
West Indies the numerous descendants of this family. 

The subject of this sketch was made an orphan in his 
early infancy by the death of his father, and was adopted by 
an uncle who lived in an adjacent county. There, for some 
time, he was taught by private tutors. He afterwards 
pursued his preparatory studies at two popular institutions 
in Madison County: tlie seminary at Cazenovia and tht^ 

Polytechnique Institute at Chittenango. His design oi 

entering Hartford College at this time was frustrated bv 

the death of his uncle in 1S30, so he entered the Freshman 

Class of the same year at (reneva, now Hobart College. 

From this College he graduated four years later witli the 

degrees of B. S. and A. B. 

Upon the completion of his collegiate course, Mr. 

Baldwin began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. 

Thomas Spencer, a professor in the medical department of 

the institution which he had attended. He had already won 

proficiency in several branches of natural science. So after dR- a. skvmoik h.u.dwix. 

two years of medical study he received the appointment 

of botanist in the geological survey of Michigan, from Dr. Houghton, its chief. Exposure to camp 

life in the severe climate to which his new labors called him, resulted in an acute attack of inflamatory 

rheumatism, which unfitted him for the work, so he resigned and returned to Geneva. There 



iiS=^r 1^ 




he ciimplcted his medical studies and in 1838 received his medical decree, and from the College 
pniper, the degree of A. M. in regular course. He then entered upon the practice nf liis profession 
in Geneva. In Jime of the same year he was married to Miss Eliza Se(jtt, ijf an influential Geneva 
family. Owing to a frec^uent recurrence of liis rheumatic attacks he decided to remove to Florida, 
where he arrived December 2d, 1S38. 

Dr. Baldwin's real history licgins with his advent into Florida. .Settling in Jacksonville, then 
a straggling village of scarcely 1,000 inhabitants, he immediately entered upon the practice of 
medicine which became at once extensive, remunerative and \-cry laliorious. This will be 
appreciated when it is known that for a year or more he was the only jihysician within an area of 
thirty miles around Jacksonville. 

It was dui-ing his professional visits uja and down the river that he began to observe the tides 
and currents which, having gi\-en considerable attention to, convinced him that a small 
appropriation for closing up Fort George Inlet, would enable the waters to have a freer discharge 
to the sea, and force a channel for the passage of vessels up the St. Johns. A public meeting was 
called to take action on his views, which resulted in Dr. Baldwin being sent to Washington to secure 
the needed appropriation, in which he was successful. So that it was due to his eftVirts that the first 



steps were taken to sccur( 
While absent in W 



the splendid navigation fa^ 
ishington on this business 
the State Legislature. I)i 



ing the 




lie ri\-er which is now cnj(.iyed. 
as in 1852, he was first cho.sen to 
first session Dr. Baldwin secured a 
charter for the Florida Central 
Railroad, with right of way from 
Jacksonville to IVnsacola, and 
became President of the Com- 
pany organized to build the 
loid The mam Ime of the 
1 loiidi Lent! d cV Peninsular 
Rilnoid to Ruti lunction, and 
the Pensacola cS. Atlantic Rail- 
load from Ri\ ei Junction to 
Pensacola, is the outgrowth of 
this chutci He dso, at the 
second session tithcied the bill 
Lie itmn a tempoidiy Internal 
Imino\ement Boaid, of which he 
bcL ime the mcmbei frona his 
hsUKt I he .bicct of this 

1. n 1 w IS t issisi m building 



consisted ( 


f thi 


Baldwin re 


tired 


growth aiK 


pros 


worker. 




From 


the 


State' Sena 


e in 


opposed se 


.•essic 


went with 


her, 



t the 
Itcnti 



md was 
when 1 



r. lialdwin was 
a member of th 
is State went ou 
• offered his sc 



_-s ariccling the 
X indefatigable 



lie St rem 
mest patri 



Surgeon, and throughout the war was Chief Surgeon of Hospitals for Florida, in which position he 
rendered invaluable services. 

Returning to Jacksonville when the war was over, he found that his property had all been 
confiscated, but after a few years he recovered his possessions, upon a portion of which, on Bay 
Street, he has erected an extensive block of stores, which, when built, was one of the most 
imposing structures in the City. 

In the yellow fever epidemic of 1857, Dr. Baldwin lost his first wife. Ry this marriage he had 
one son who became Dr. William L. Baldwin. He perished in the fever epidemic of 1S88. In 1866 
Dr. Baldwin was again married, his second wife being Mrs. Mary E. Dell. The only issue fmrn 
this marriage was a daughter, Edna Seymour, now Mrs. Samuel P. Holmes. 

Dr. Baldwin never lost his interest in the improvement of navigation in the St. Johns River, 
nor relaxed his efforts to secure adequate appropriations for carrying out his plans in this regard. 
When the fame of Captain Eads spread over the country, Dr. Baldwin visited that gentleman at 
Port Eads and induced him to visit Jacksonville. He came in 1878" and made a personal 
examination of the river and bar, and from consultation of coast survey charts, decided upon a 
system of jetties, with which everyone is now familiar, as they were subsequently adopted by the 
Government engineers, who had also afterwards made a thorough examination of the same field. 
The two reports, of Captain Eads and the Government engineers, were sent, together with a 
memorial to Congress, urging an appropriation, and in 1880 Dr. Baldwin in person went to the 
Capital and secured the first available appropriation, which was $125,000. After this the work 
was continued steadily. 

In 1878 the City voted ,f25o,ooo for sanitary improvements and water works. This sanitary 
improvement fund was placed in the hands of five trustees, of which Dr. Baldwin was made 
Chairman, and held the position until the last of the bonds were called in, in May, 1894. The trust 
was faithfully performed, and like all his labor in the public interest, was gratuitous. This 
committee built the present splendid system of water works and established the sewerage system. 

In science, as well as medicine, Dr. Balwin has always been an interested student and worker. 
His published addresses on the climatology of Florida have been of great benefit to science. These 
were based on the medical statistics of the army in Florida, and his own meteorological observations, 
covering a period of thirty-six years. For twenty years he was meteorological correspondent for the 
Smithsonian Institute, and furnished it regularly the monthly sheet of his observations. These 
reports were the first scientific exhibition of Florida climatic literature ever given to the world, and 
they have been the means of drawing many immigrants to the State. He was made a member of 
the American Scientific Association at the meeting at Montreal in 1857. He was also a 
corresponding member of the Boston Natural History Society, and a frequent correspondent of 
Agassiz on scientific subjects and natural history. 

Dr. Baldwin organized the first medical .society in Duval County, which was the first in the 
State, and in 1873 called a meeting of physicians, and organized the State Medical Association. He 
was its first president, and held the position for two years. 

Dr. Baldwin has always been an earnest and consistent member of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church, and became a member of St. John's Parish immediately on his arrival in Jacksonville. For 
fifty-five years he has been a warden in the vestry of St. John's Church. He has always been an 
earnest church worker, and a liberal giver to Christian and charitable institutions. 

The province of this work is such as to forbid a detailed accoimt of this man's career, which has 
been so full of interest and of good work. He has been doubly blessed by coming to Florida: The 
climate has entirely healed the complaints which first brought him here, and as a factor in building- 
up his State and City he has had few equals; and when he shall have passed away the work of his 
living hands will keep his memory fresh in the hearts of the people he served, and whose gratitude 
he has. In his old age Dr. Baldwin has again been honored most conspicumisly ; in liis eighty-fourth 
year he has been elected President of the Board of Trade, which, next to the mayoralty, is the must 
impcjrtant office in Jacksonville. A man of worth, and a father to the community, he is honored by 
all men. 



,X-(;()\-ERX()R FLKMIX(! 



oth 



Francis P. Fleming, Sdldicr, statesman and jurist, was burn in Dm'al Coiintv, Fk 
September 2Sth, 1841. Son of Colnnel Lewis Fleming and his seennd wife Margaret Seton, 
of whom were natives of Florida. He was edneated prineii.ially by private tutors and was alwavs a 
close student. 

In May, iSOi, at the age of nineteen, he enlisted in the company of Captain John ^V. Starke, 
which was organized at Palatka, and which was one of the companies composing the Second Florida 
Infantry. The Regiment was mustered into the Confederate service and sent forward to Virginia 
in July, 18O1. lie served as a private in this company and regiment in the armies, respectively of 
]\Iagruder. at Ynrktuwn, and of Johnston and Lee. Afterwards he was made Quartermaster- 
Sergeant (if the Regiment, retaining the ptisitiim till August, 1863. He was then commissioned 

First Lieutenant of Company D., 
First Florida Cavalry, dis- 
mounted. Army of Tennessee. 
In this command he served with 
distinction in the armies of 
Johnston and Hood in Xorth 
(Georgia, and throughout the 
entire war acquitted himself as a 
faithful soldier and gallant 
officer. 

After the war he returned 
to Jacksonville and read law in 
the office of E. M. L'Engel, E.sq., 
and in May, i868, was admitted 
to practice. From that time 
onward his course was steadily 
upward. In 1873 he became a 
member of the celebrated law 
firm of F'leming & Daniel, prob- 
alily the stnjngest ever known in 
J Florida. He continued with 
I this firm until its dissolution in 

I 1 888. caused by the death of the 

two senior members, Colonels 
kKsu.KXLK, OK KX-i;ovKRNoK FKA.vcis P. n,KMi.N(i. Louis I. Fleming and J. J. 

Daniel. In the meanwhile he 
had received the Democratic nomination for Governor at the St. Augustine convention in ]\Iay. 
1888. The campaign that fall was made under the most trying conditions, owing to the presence 
of yellow fever in many parts of the State. He was elected by a large majority in November, and 
was duly inaugurated January 8th, 1889. He held this high office for four years, and on his 
retirement in January, 1893, returned to the practice of law in Jacksonville. No man ever retired 
from office with a purer record than Governor Fleming. In every act of his life, both public and 
private, he has been governed by right, reason, and justice, and his bitterest political opponent could 
never accuse him of being influenced by other than the purest motives. As a lawyer (iovernor 
Fleming stands at the head of his profession, and while, during his occupancy of the gubernatorial 
chair, his clientage naturally drifted from him, he has, since his resumption of |)ractice, 
re-established himself more firmly than ever with the people. 

He was married on May 23d, 187 1, to Miss Floride Lydia Pearson. Tlieir children are 
Francis P., Jr., his partner in the law practice, Charles Seton, and Ivli/.abeth L. 




151 



JOHN L. DOGGETT. 

The Doggetts spring- from one of the m >st ancient families (if (rreat Britain, where they were 
known also as Doget and Daggett. As early as the twelfth century they were among the landed 
gentry resident at Groten, England, and are traced through all the succeeding centuries as being 
prominent in politics, the military and the arts. The original immigrant to this country, Thomas 
Doggett, came over in the Primrose with John Winthrop, first Governor of Massachusetts, and 
became prominent in Colonial afifairs. John Locke Doggett, grand-father of this subject, after 
graduating from Brown University, removed to Florida from Taunton, Mass., about the year 1820, 
and was one of the first settlers in Jacksonville. His wife, together with Colonel I. D. Hart, owned 
the land upon which Jacksonville now stands. This lady was descended from the famous Fuller 
family, the original immigrant of which came over in the Mayfl )wer. John L. Doggett became one 
of the most prominent men in Florida. He built the first 
Court House in Duval County on the site of the present one, 
and was the first Judge of this Circuit. He was a member of 
the Legislature for years, and President of that body. When 
he died in 1844 it was said of him, " Eminent in every 
excellence, he lived and died without an enemy. " 

John Locke, subject of this sketch, was born in Jack- 
sonville, March 14th, 1S68. His father was Jiidge Aristides 
Doggett, son of Judge John L. As soldier, jurist and judge 
he was distinguished for his ability and integrity. The 
mother of Mr. Doggett, Anna T. Cleland, born on the isle 
of Jamaica, W. L , was allied by blood to many distinguished 
families, being a grand-daughter of Colonel TurnbuU, the 
original settler of New vSmyrna, and a distinguished pioneer 

in Florida, and a grand-niece of John Marshall, first Chief 

Justice of the United States. Mr. Doggett was early placed 

at school in the Convent of St. Joseph, in Jacksonville; 

afterwards he attended the Florida Military Institute, and 

subsequently the East Florida Seminary, at Gainesville. In 

1884 he entered the University of the South, at Sewanee. 

Tenn., where after thi'ee years he graduated. He continued 

his course of law-reading in his father's office, and in 188^ 

was appointed Clerk of the Criminal Court for Duval 

County. He was re-elected in 1890 and 1892. In the mean- \ii^- johx lockf. dougetl. 

while he was admitted to the bar, and has steadily increased 

his practice. In 1889 he was elected Captain of the Jacksonville Light Infantry, and made an able 

officer. At an inter-State drill at Jacksonville, in 1889, in which the military of several States 

participated, he was presented with a handsome jewel-hilted sword in a competition for the most 

popular officer'. He was married June loth, 1890, to Miss Carrie M. \'an Deman, of this City. They 

have two children, Carita and John Locke, Jr. Though only twent>--six years of age, Mr. Doggett 

has made a record <.if which he may be justly proud, and the future opens brightly before him. 




HENRY H. BUCKMAN. 



Henry H(jlland Buckman was born June 20th. A. I)., 1858, at Jacksonville, Duval County, 
Florida. His father. Captain Thomas E. Buckman, was of English descent, the family coming 
from Buckinghamshire, England. Captain Buckman came to Florida in 1850, from Bucks County, 
Pennsylvania, where his family had settled, and entered into the milling business. At the outbreak 
of the Civil War he took sides with the Confederacy, and served during the whole struggle. He 



obtained the rank <>f Mainriipiin the staff of (General Fine-an ; was ordnance officer of Eastern Florida, 
and after the war was appninted, l:iy Cox-ernur HlDxIiani, ISrigadier-General of the State Militia. 
He built, and was fm- a Inu'j; time Superintendent i>f what was, the Florida, Atlantic iV (hdf Central 
Railroad, from Tallahassee to Jacksonville, now part i.f the I'hii-ida Central \- Peninsular system; and 
for nearly twentv vear> was Clerk of the Circuit Court f<.i- Duval County. Xu man was mure highly 
esteemed in the State. In iS^s he married Selina Al. Clc- 
land, dano-hter of Hon. John C. Clcland, an lui.u'lishman by 
birth. She was a direct descendant of Doctor John Turn- 
hull, who founded the new >Smyrna eolon\- in I'lorida; and 
also of Chief Justice Taney, of the Supreme Court of the 
United States, her mother bein.i.;- his ward; she is a cousin of 
Francis Key, who wi'otc the "Star Spangled Banner." 

The subject of this sketch obtained his education at St. 
John's .Vcademy, Duval County, and under private tutors, 
and later at Cumberland I'niversity, Tennessee, from which 
he graduated with the degree of V>. L. He was admitted to 
the Bar, at Jackson\-ille, on June 20th, 1X79, his twenty-first 
birthday, and commenced the practice of law (in this City), 
to which he has ever since devoted himself. In 1.SS5 he 
entered into a law partnership with Hon. A. Doggett, which 
continued until the latter's death, in iSyo. 

In iSijo he received the nomination from his Count)' as 
member of the Legislature, but declmed, preferring his 
practice to a political career. His law practice, to which he 
devotes all his time, is lucrative, and he stands at the head 
of his i)rofession. He served one term as Police Commis- 
sioner of the City of Jacksonville. Flc has just lieen 
appointed Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern 
HON. H. H. ia-cK.\r\.\. District of Florida, a position which he did not seek, his 

appointment being a surprise. He is a member of nearly 
all of the public institutions of the City. In 1882 he was married to vSallie C. Allison, youngest 
daughter of Doctor and Mrs. R. P. Allison, of Lebanon, Tennessee. His wife is the grand niece of 
President Andrew Jackson, and sister of the late Chancellor Allison, of Nashville, Tennessee. Her 
aunt, Mrs. Donnelson, was mistress of the White House during Jackson's administration. They 
have three children: Aline. Harry, Jr., and Thomas h^llwood. Their home is one of the 
pleasantest in the City. 




MAJOR Wn.LTAM J. HARKISHEIMLR. 

Was born January nth, 1838, at Philadelphia. Pa. His father, William Harkishcimer, was 
of German descent, and his mother, Margaret Dcjuglass McLean, of Scotch anccsir\-. lie was the 
second child of live children; was educated in the Public Schools of Philadelphia. At the age of 
sixteen was apprenticed to learn the trade of watch-ease making. So thoroughly did he master this 
trade that in his eighteenth year he made a watch ease that was awarded the first prize at the 
exhibition of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. He has 
much just pride in showing it to his friends to this day. TIk 
the watch case business, so he gave it iip, and took a clci-ksl: 
Public Highways. The stirring times which followed the no 
drew him into politics, and he took an acti\X' jiart in the cani| 
of the I'^.xecutive CouTmittees which had the management 
triumph of the Reptiblican candidate. Then the war came c 



arriet' 


the watch ever since and takes 


lisasti 


itis panic of 1857 almost ruined 


. in 11 


e Philadelphia Department of 


iuatio 


1 of Lincoln for the Presidenev 


i'^n. 


He was made Secrctarv of one 


f the 


campaign that resulted in the 


. At 


the first call for volunteers bv 



the President, he 
regiment, but as he 



vas offered a lieiitenantey by Colcmcl George 
preferred to win his spurs before wearing 
them, he deelined and enlisted as a private soldier, April 
2ist, 1 86 1. He was subsequently promoted through all the 
grades from Corporal to Major During this time he saw 
much service in the Shenandoah Vallev and m the Armv ot 
the Potomac. He was se\eieh \\ounded m the battle of 
Fredericksburg, Decembti, 1^62, and lettued honoiable 
mention for gallantry in that battle. 

During his eight years ot militaiy senice ]\Iajor 
Harkisheimer held many positions of dan^ei, honoi and 
trust. As an example: Whik auk de .amp on the start ot 
General William R. Mont4omLi\, tiom OLtobei, ib6i, to 
April, 1862, while the Aim\ ot the Potomac was beini; 
organized, he, .stationed at Alexandria, Va., was appointed 
to the important position ot chiet officer to manage and 
control all traffic and inteicouise \Mtli that iim\ All 
persons having business ot an\ kind m the lines ot the Aimy 
of the Potomac, all persons tia\eling to 01 tiom the South, 
had first to be examined by him as to the nature ot then 
business and their loyalty to the Go\ernment, and obtain a 
pass from him. The chiet pait ot this LonsistLcl ot tiafhc, 
tradesmen supplying the ..im\, \\hi(_h amounted to 
thousands of dollars every day. ^Ian\ ot tlie passes issued 
by the Major at that time have been piesci\cd as lelics, 
some of which have come undei 
his eye quite recently. Aftci 
two years service as aide -de 
camp and Assistant Adjutant 
General, he was ordered, in June, 
1866, to duty at Columbia, S. C , 
where he remained until his le- 
tirement from the service m 
1869. By his humane and 
soldierly conduct at this station 
he won and still retains man\ 
warm friends in tills "hot1)L(l < I 
secession," After his retiiLnicni 
from the army he returned to 
Philadelphia, .where he resided 
for several years, and in the 
Spring of 1876 removed to Jacl 
sonville and engaged in tlu 
wholesale and retail grocer\ 
business, whei-e he met with 
signal success. His aim was t. . 
revolutionize the business by 
methods entirely different from 
and far superior to those in 
vogue when he came; nor in 
vain. He has always taken a 
keen interest in public affairs and 



P. McLean, who w; 





foremost in any mo\-ement for the upbuilding 



adopted City. He has not (inly 
many offices that have sought hii 
of the Democratic Council to sucl 
the late Judge Summers as a Pol 
prevailed upon to accept the posi 
City. He is associated with nia 
time and energy. Chief amim^ 1 
established in 1884, and is now 
President of the Merchants' Stc 
Trust Bank of Florida; a dircci 
Fernandina, the Putnam Natinna 
of the National Peace River I'l 
Jacksonville Board of Trade. I 
United States, the Grand Army 
Masonic fraternity for thirty-two 
of Judge W. E. Crane, of Vonkci 
R. Major Harkisheimcr has dc 
and courtly manners and kindly 
communit^■. who hold him in the 



■ never sought political preferment hut has persistently declined 
n. Although a Republican, he yet has the confidence and regard 
h a degree that he was unanimously chosen by that body to succeed 
ice Commissioner. It was only after much insistence that he was 
tion, and then only because he regarded it as a duty he owed "^o the 
ny public and private enterprises, to which he gives much of his 
these are the Building and Loan Associations, the first ot which he 
President of the Duval Building and Loan Association. Also 



uiisliip Company ( 


f Florid 


a; 


Viee-1 


resident ( 


f the Savings and 


or in the National 


Bank 


if 


laeksonville, the 


National Bank of 


1 Hank of Palatka, the Semi 


no 


e Chi I 


, and Dire 


etor and Treasurer 


(is|)hate Company. 


He w 


is 


als.i (1 


le iif the 


originators of the 


le is a member (if 


the mil 


ta 


y (irde 


r (if the L 


oyal Legion of the 


if the Republic, th 


e Unidu 


\' 


eteran 


Legion, and has been in the 


\ears. Me was ma 


■ried in 


1,S( 


.S to M 


iss Jennie 


K. Crane, daughter 


s, X. V. Of fdur L 


hiklreii, 


t\ 


■.. surv 


ve; How 


ard E., and Mattie 


ne much for Jaeks( 


mville. 


im 


with 


his fine character, his gentle 


disposition, he has 


greath- 


en 


cleared 


himself t( 


the people of the 


highest esteem. 













Henry Bethune Phillips 1 
1857, on his father's plantati 




occupations, and in travel, ti 
Jacksonville, and once more 



JUDCE HENRY B. PHILLIPS. 

; a native of Duval County, Florida. He was born November 2(jtli, 
m at Point Phillips, now Point LaX'ista. His father, Albert (i. 
Phillips, a prominent planter, came here from Georgia early in 
the present century. His great-grandfather on the maternal 
side, William Hendrix, of North Carolina, was one of the 
original Spanish grantees of large tracts of land in Duval, 
and (ither counties. His grand-father, Isaac Hendricks, to 
whom these grants reverted, was in the Spanish service, and 
was the first settler in what is now South Jacksonville, which 
was a part of his grant. This was about the beginning of 
the century, and hmg before Jacksonville was settled, the 
place being then known as Cow's Ford, Here Mr. Hen- 
dricks operated the first ferry over the St. Johns River. In 
his early youth young Phillips attended the High School in 
laeksonville, and was afterwards a private pupil of Rev. F. 
Pasco. He attended Emery College in 1877-78, and entered 
the law department of Vandcrbilt University in 1880. Here 
he distinguished himself by taking the full two years' course 
in one year, breaking all previous records in this institution, 
with the single exception of John M. Barrs, of this City, who 
did the same thing the year lieforc. He gradtiated from 
Vandcrbilt in iSSi. with the degree of Bachelor of Law. 
He returned to Ja -ksdiiville, was admitted to the bar, and 
formed a i)artnersliip with J . M. 1 '.a rrs for practice. After- 
wards he ]iraeliced in c.nipany with J. W. Whitney, but his 
health failing, he retired to his plantation to recuperate. 
l"or two ur three years, llu'ii, he engaged in a variety of 
in i.S,S(;, when, his health being restored, he returned to 
(1 the practice of law. In i8(;i he was appointed, liy 



Governor Fleming, to fill the iinexpired term of Judge Loton M. Jones, deceased, as Judge of the 
Criminal Court of Duval County. He was reappointed, by Governor Mitchell, in 1893 for the full 
term of four years. He presides over this Court with dignity and impartiality. He is a master of 
law, and his opinions have great weight in legal circles. Although he is cm the bench, he has not 
given up his practice by any means, and in all other courts, except his own, he continues to appear 
as formerly, and has a steadily increasing practice. He was married December nth, 1883, to Miss 
Stella M. Tuttle, of Cherry Valley, Ohio. They have four children, Charlotte H., :\Iatthe\v P., 
Henry B. , and Harold T. 



BAKER lV holmes. 



antl manlv 
c men nut nf ten, 
uld sii prone lunce 



Gentlemanly 
intellio'ent, and 



Two jolly young 1)ae-liclors— hcaltliy, wcaltliy, and wise, as young 1), 

and genteel, courteous and generous, honorable and manly, industr 

consecpiently successful and popular- 

and perhaps ten women out of nim 

upon John D. Baker and J. Dobbin Holmes — and they 

deserve it all. If to deserve success is more than to win 

it, then to achieve it is better than to inherit it. Few young 

men in the South have inherited fortimes since the war. Init 

those who have made it for themselves are very nmnerous. 

Baker and Holmes belong to the latter class. They are 

well matched, and worthy of each other, possessing in an 

unusual degree the fine attributes that go to make up the 

successful and respected busines man, gentlemen at once, 

and hard workers. 

The business was established originally by Mr. Baker 

in 1889. Previous to that time he had spent a number of 

years in the grocery and grain business, and thoroughly 

mastered its details. Mr. Raker was born in Robeson 

County, X. C, in 1804. and received his education at David- 
son College, in his native State. His father was Captain 

Angus S. Baker, and his mother Harriet McEachem, both 

of fine old Scotch families. When he left college Mr. Baker 

at once went into business, and in 18S6 came to Jacksonville 
to live with his uncle, the late Judge James M. Baker. 
Here he continued his business training, imtil in, 1889, he 
branched out for himself, as above stated. A year later 
Mr. Holmes accjuircd a partnership, and the firm was 
changed to John D. liaker & Company, Mr. Holmes being a ^■ 
for C. Burkhaltcr \- Cnipany, of New York. Mr. IJaker h 
this country and abroad, and has accpiired a degree of polis 
not usually expected in a laborious man of business. 

Mr. Holmes is also a North Carolinian, and came from Wilmington. He is a son of the late 
John L. Holmes, a most estimable gentleman, and highly respected lawyer. His mother's maiden 
name was Sallie M. London, and through her he is descended from the celebrated Sharpless family 
of Pennsylvania. P'rom the schools of his native City he went to the Maryland Agricultural 
College, an institution that teaches all branches of study usually taught in other colleges. In 1884 
the family moved to Jacksonville, and Mr. Holmes accepted a traveling position with John E. 
Hart, a wholesale grain and seed merchant. For twelve years he traveled in Florida, representing 
dirt'erent houses, and when he took a ixu-tnershii) with Mr. Baker the most \-aluable capital he 
brought to the new firm was the hundreds of friends he had made during his long career as a 
commercial traveler. He was thorouglily known to the trade, and bv his affalile manners and well 




IS he was then traveling 
;ensi\-e traveler, both in 
knowledye of the world 



established characte 




and 


inte 


^■ritv 


he 


f 


c 


ustr. 


iiL-rs 


till 


sc 


f 


>thcr 


firms. 


In 



d no difficulty in securing as his own 
whom he had sold while representing 
)i the firm name was ehantjed to Baker 
cV Hohiies, and thenceforth he devoted his time exclusively to 
the business of the new firm. 

IJaker & Holmes, in their brief career, have established 
and built up for themselves one of the most remarkably 
successful business enterprises ever kn(jwn in the State. 
Startin-- without any trade at all. their business now 
amounts to nearly ,§500,000 annually, and is still i^rowini;-. 
Whiilesale .L;rain, hay, flour, t;'rits, meal, fertilizers, cotti>n- 
seed meal, and building material are their principal lines; 
but tliey make a specialty of brick, lime and cement. 
Their facilities for handling these goods are superior, ena- 
bling them to undersell competitors, and vet supply the very 
best qualitv of goods. Their warehouses, being built by the 
railway tracks, saves them the encjrmous drayage expenses 
which some houses have to cutend with. They are in touch 
with the trade all over the State, and their trouble is less in 
getting customers than supplying ihem, so great is the 
demand for their goods. At the foot of .Main Street 
thev liave a snug, cozy oftice, where their friends 
are alwavs welcomed after the hearty and hospitable 
manner that has bccoi 



It wi 



sti 



an anxious pal 
jersonnel that 





offer such entert; 


mment 


e and become ; 


refined taste. This is 


.ne of tl 


without repro; 


ich. 





characteristic with them, and 
the other don't And time to 
side the <iffice as will appeal 
ict houses of lacksonvillc, with 



HON. P. E. McMU 



AY 



Patrick E. McMurray was born in Ireland in 1.S41, and emigrated to the I'nited States at an 
early age. He settled in New Haven, Connecticut, where he learned the carriage making trade. 
At thebreaking out of the late Civil War he enlisted in the Ninth Connecticut Volunteers, and 
served for three years, being honorably discharged at Hartford, Connecticut, .in 1864, where he 
again took up his trade; but following the general advice of Horace (ireeley, in 1867 he went to 
California, where he still pursued his business as a carriage maker. 

In 1874, when the wonderful resources of Florida were attracting attention all over the States, 
he came and settled in Jacksonville, where, in company with his brother, he started a carnage 
factory under the firm name of :McMurray & Company. 

Taking an active interest in the public alTairs of his achipted City, lie was elected City Marshal 
in [877, and served for the period of one year, when his rapidly increasing business interests caused 
him to resign, though they still claimed his active attention; his tellow citizens elected him a 
member of the Board of Aldermen in 1880, and a.gain in 188 1. Recognizing his worth, he was 
elected by an overwhelming majority to the State Senate, where he distinguished liimsclf by his 
eloquence and methodical business manner. He succeeded, against a i^owerful opposition, in 
placing upon the statute book s.mie of the most benelicient and liberal measures, especially tlie 
mechanics' lien law, and the late charier of the City of Jacksonville, that grace the 
Florida. 

During the terril)le epidemic of yellow fever in 1.S88, whose devastations have bec^ 



statutes 



he gallantly served as one of the members of the Sanitary Auxiliary Association, which managed 
the affairs of the City during those trying times and dark days. His name, with that of his brother 
members, have been recorded in a niche in the history of his adopted City and vState, so that it can 
ever be before the eyes of future generations. The services so 
eminently rendered at this period no doubt greatly influenced 
President Harrison, when he selected and appointed him 
Postmaster of the City of Jacksonville. Eminently qualified 
by his past public services for the position, his mode of 
conducting the office has brought forth the highest en- 
comiums and praise, even from his political enemies. When 
the terrible fire in 189 1 completely wiped the Post Office 
Block out of existence, the public press and merchants of the 
City spoke in the highest terms of his speedy reorganization 
of his forces, never losing a single delivery of his mails. 

In 1891 the present firm of P. E. McMiirray & Baker 
was established, Mr. Will Baker, of Atlanta, being the junior 
member. The great fire the same year destroyed the estab- 
lishment, but Mr. McMurray immediately built the present 
large business block on the site of the old one. The firm 
manufactures every class of vehicle, from an ordinary dray 
to the largest wagons and carriages. Their business extends 
all over Florida and Southern Georgia. They carry also u 
full line of buggies, and the various makes of carriages, har- 



ne>^ 



Mr. McMurray stands liigh in church and club circl( 
and is a pi-ominent leader in business affairs. He is 
director in the Savings and Trust Bank of Florida, and 
the Peace River Phosphate Company, and is a member 
the Board of Trade. He was twice elected Commander 
now Commander of the Department of Florida. H 
man, and possesses the esteem of the communit 




p. E. MlMURRAY. 



..f 
.f O. 



M. Mitchell Post, G. A. R., and is 
safe and conservative business 
in a marked degree. 



JAMES M. SCHUMACHER. 

James Madison Schnmacher was Ijorn in :Moliawk, Herkimer County, New York, November 
i8th, 1843. His father, Andrew Schumaclicr, was a well-known leather manufacturer of that place. 
His mother, born Jeannette Clements, was of Puritan ancestry, her parents having removed from 
Massachusetts to New York in the early part of this century, and settled in Herkimer County. 
The Schumacher family is of German descent, and have been living in Herkimer County since 
1 7 10. Some of them were Magistrates when the country was an English colony, notably the great, 
great, grand-father of this subject, JohnJost Schumacher, a loyalist leader during the Revolutionary 
War. His grand-father, Rudolph I. Schumacher, commanded a New York Regiment in the War 
of 18 1 2, was a member of the New York lyCgislature for a number of years, and was officially 
connected with the building of the Erie Canal. Being among the largest land holders in their 
section, the Schumachers were the leaders of the early settlers, their name being a part of the 
history of Herkimer County. 

James M. attended the public schools of his native town until he was thirteen years of age, then 
attended the Fairfield Seminary for two years. Subsequently he attended the Liberal Institute at 
Clinton, New York, where he passed the full course, and won a prize for oratory. He entered 
Tufts College in 1863, and was graduated from the literary department in 1866, with the degree of 

l.JS 



^^ M 




Bachelor of Philosophy. 
law department of the 
few mdnths returned In 
Hon. Amos H. Prescott 
fall of the same year. 



In 1867 he beu;an his studies in the 

University of Michigan, but after a 

mie and studied law in the office of 

He was admitted to the bar in the 

Being a ready debater, and a keen 



ad. 



politician even 

identified with politics, and w 

Republicans of the State. 

In June, 1874, he remo\-i 
what is now the First Nation 
is still President. Anions" 
F. E. Spinner, Treasurer of 
Civil War, at whose sug'gestii 
the Remingtons, of lllic.n, X 
S(|uire, Colonel T. W. C. Mo 
come to lie one of the scjuni 




len he grew older he became 
;is associated with the prominent 

:>d to Jacksonville and organized 
al Bank of Florida, of which he 
the stockholders were General 
the L'nited States during the 
111 he made his home in Florida, 
ew York, United States Senator 
-re, and others. This bank has 
lest financial institutions in the 
State. He was admitted to the practice of law both in the 
State and United States Courts soon after his arrival in 
Florida, and immediately entered upon a career of activity 
and usefulness that made for him a wide reputation in the 
State. He served a term as State Senator, 1888-90, and was 
one of the Joint Legislative Committee which framed a bill, 
n(.iw the Health Law of Florida, which has been recognized as 
im del tit kind and tdi pted b\ other States 
He w I 1 C inmi lonei of the Board 3t Public 
\\ ik iSjo-i licidcnt f the State Bankei ' 
V cnti n t 1 tw t nil i Director m the 
H iidiLenti il V 1 eiim ul 11 Ruh\a\ Company 
t 1 t\\ A 11 mil \ ICC I le ident of the 
Spiin^h 11 I iiid md 
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inc( ip 1 It n jt the hi 
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RKSIDENCK OF MK. J. .M. SCllLM. 



le building 

its Florida connections, 
eiitral Committee," which 
ohns Bar and River Im- 
lent, and chainnan of its special Com- 
of Wavsand Means. Dttring the yellow 
fever epidemic of 1888 he was Vice-President 
of the Citizens' Committee, w^ho had charge of 
tlic Citv affairs, and Chairman of the Financial 
Committee, which had charge of all the funds 



niittt 



contributed for the relief of sulTerers. During this trying period he exhibited the highest courage, 
and developed a high order of executive ability. His committee, sometimes consisting of only 
himself and Hon. P. E. McMurray, fed 16,000 people, had 500 men under arms, 25 physicians, and 
400 nurses under their direction, and employed from 3,000 to 5,000 men daily to place the City 
in good sanitary condition, and keep the idle from becoming mere beggars. It will be seen that 
Mr. vSchumacher's life in Florida has been both active and useful, and in all the many positions 
of public and private trust, which he has been called on to fill, he has always acquitted himself with 
satisfaction to all. He was married to Josephine Caroline Spinner, youngest daughter of General 
Spinner, November 6th, 187 i, at ;\I(ihawk, New York. She died May loth, 1892. They had tw'O 
children, only the younger of which, Rudolph Spinner vSchumacher, survives. The Frankie 
Schumacher Hospital is a memorial to the elder son, and was founded by Mrs. Schumacher in 
1884 as an asylum for the sick and needy. This most benevolent institution contains wards for 
both white and colored, and has accomplished great good in the commimity. 



)HN WURTS 



John Wurts was burn in 1.855, ''t Carbondale, Pa. He is a son of the late Charles Pemberton 
Wurts, who for many years was General Superintendent of the Delaware & Hudson Canal 
Company, and of Laiii-a, the eldest daughter of John Clarkson Jay, Esq., of New York, and 
great grand-daughter of Chief Justice John Jay, whose name 
is so conspicuous in American history. 

Mr. Wurt's early education was gained in France and 
Italy; his collegiate course was taken at Yale College. 
While at College he was connected with several daily news- 
papers as editorial writer. In 1876 he went to New 
Zealand, and for the next two years traveled in Australia 
and among the islands of tlic South Pacific. In 1878 he 
went to West Virginia and engaged in sheep-raising, which, 
howc\-cr, did not prove a con.spicuous success. In 1882 he 
returned to Yale and entered the Law School, from which lie 
was graduated in 1884. In 1883 he was known at Yale as 
the "John A. Porter" man, as being the recipient of the 
only honor open to every department of the university for 
competition. 

Immediately upon his graduati(.)n in 1884 he removed 
to Jacksonville and began the practice of law, in which he 
has been highly successful. After the death of Judge Settle, 
four years later. President Harrison was strongly urged to 
appoint Mr. Wurts to the vacancy on the bench as Judge of 
the Northern District of Florida. The President refused to 
do so, expressl}' for political reasons, although it is well 
known that Mr. Wurts was in every way qualified to fill this 
high position. He is perhaps best known as the author of mr. joh\ \vi kis. 

Wurts' Index-Digest of the Florida Reports, a highly 

valuable work, which is extensively used and a revision of which is now in preparation and will be 
published in 1895. Since 1885 he has been a member of tlie law firm of Fletcher & Wurts, than 
whom none in the State have a higher standing. He was married in 1878 to the youngest daughter 
of the late Cornelius LaTourette, of Bergen Point, N. J., by whom he has six children, John, 
Conrad, Bertha, Albert, Laura J., Burkhart, and Eleanor." 

KiO 




WILLI A.M R. CARTER. 



Mr. William Rin,i;\viiod Carter 
Pensacola Harbor. His father. Capt; 
at the time, and on the breaking out n 
Confederacy. He removed his fami 
restoration of peace. 

In 1867 Captain Carter, in his shi 




born in 1S61 (jn board his father's ship, then lyin^- in 
illiani H. Carter, was engaged in the merchant marine 
war engaged in blockade running in the interests of the 
Xc\v York, meanwhile, where thev remained till the 



th 


eH 


elen 


R. C. 


ak 


ng 


his 


wife 


Eut 


(.pc 


an countr 


KIS 


<ed 


into 


the ( ) 



rter 



howev( 



iper, started on a voyage around the world, 
md son with him. They visited several 
es, doubled the Cape of Good Hope and 
ient. In Burmah, in 1869, both of young 
parents died and he was left, at the age of eight 
1 orphan in a strange land. He found a friend, 
in the person of a French gentleman, M. Fontenay, 
a former friend of his father, by whom he was adopted and 
taken to Calcutta. There he entered La Martiniere College, 
where he remained a student for nine years. He then went 
to sea, but soon tiring of that life, he returned once more to 
his native land to look after certain properties which he had 
inherited. After a year spent in fruitless law suits to re- 
cover his property, of which he was eventually defrauded, 
Mr. Carter, at the age of nineteen, returned to Florida and 
located at ^lilton, where he tattght school for twt) years. 

In West Florida Mr. Carter discovered a field for profit- 
able commercial operations, and with his characteristic 
energy went boldly to work to supply a section of several 
thousand .square miles with sewing machines. In this he was 
highly successful. It was during this period that he first 
met Ex-Chief Justice Liddon, with whom he was frequently 
associated in business transactions. 

In 1885 Mr. Carter came to Jacksonville and entered 
the field of journalism, where he has achieved unusual .success. 
His first work was that of reporter on the Florida Evening 
Temple Graves and H. W. Clark, the present Postmaster of 



Herald, then published by J 
Jacksonville. 

In 1887 the Herald was sold, and Mr. Carter, in company with Ruf 
been foreman of the Herald, established the Evening Metropolis, whicl 
most conspicuous successes of Southern afternoon papers. Starting with 
refused, three years later, an offer of §30,000 for the plant and businesj 
financial success and constantly growing in influence. 

Mr. Carter has long been a 
gentlemanly breeding mak 
young bachelor. 



A. Ri 

has bi 



him 



social leader in 
favorite at all 



icks<. 
.cial 



affaii 



issell, who had 
.■en one of the 
.1 of $600, they 
^letropolis is a 

amiability and 
.' is a wealthv 



RAVMOX: 



KXl 



Raymimd Demere Knight was born at White Springs. Hamilton County, I'lorida, Xovcmber 
nth, 1857. He is a son of the late Doctor Albion W. and Caroline (Demere) Knight. His father 
was, for twelve years. Health Officer of Jackson\-ille, and one of the most widely known physicians 
in the South. On completing his education, in 1879, Mr. Knight, in company with F. W. Mumby 
and J. X. C. Stockton, established a house furnishing and crockery store, under the firm name 
of F. W. Mumby & Co. In 1881 the style of the firm was changed to Mumby. Stockton & Knight. 
This firm continued, with steadv increase of business, till 1880, when Mr. Mumln- withdrew, and 



National Bank of tht 



Raymond D. Knight & Co. succeeded. At the beyinnins 
Company was incorporated, with ^[r. Knight as President 
and Manager. Meanwhile this house, in common with many 
others in Jacksonville, was destroyed, with its contents, by 
fire in 1891. Their lo.s.ses were very heavy, btit they imme- 
diately rebuilt, the handsome three-story brick building the)- 
now occupy being the result. Their business, wholesale 
and retail, has come to be the most extensive, in its lines, of 
any in Florida, the wholesale trade reaching over the entire 
State, and covering Southern Georgia as well. Every kind 
of goods comprised in crockery and house furnishings ai-e 
handled by them, with superior facilities for delivering them 
at conservative prices. 

In 1889 Mr. Knight was appointed Alderman from his 
ward by Governor Fleming, under the old Charter, but 
after two years service resigned. Upon the adoption of the 
new Charter of 1893 he was elected to the Council by a 
large majority, and became at once a leader in the Council 
Chamber. He was made chairman of the Committee on 
Officers and a member of the Committees on Finance and 
vSanitation, and a member of the City Board of Health. In 
the Council he has been a fearless and active worker, always 
on the alert for the City's interests, and never missing a 
meeting. In addition to his other business Mr. Knight is 
Vice-President and Director of th 
State of Florida; President and 
Director of the Citizens' Invest- 
ment Company; Second Vice- 
President and Director Jackson- 
ville Loan and Improvement 
Company; Director Florida In- 
vestment and Savings Bank ; Di- 
rector in the High Springs Phos- 
phate Company; Trea.surer of 
the Trustees of the University of 
the South, located at Sewannee, 
Tennesssee, and Treasurer of St. 
John's Parish and of the Diocese 
of Florida. He was also for some 
years a membex (jf the standing- 
committee of the Diocese of 
Florida, and a Vestryman in St. 
John's Church, Jacksonville. As 
a business man Mr. Knight is 
able and successful ; as a public 
official, faithful and efficient, and 
as a christian, earnest and con- 
sistent. 

Mr. Knight was married in 
November, 1882, to Miss Kate reside.xce of mr. 

Varina Telfair. They have three 
children, all boys— Raymond D.. Jr., Telfair, and Albion W. Knight. 



>f 1893 the Ravmond D. Knight 




fni' 


.li#k— HT--SBP 





A. B. CAMPBELL. 

Alexander B. Campbell was burn at Perth, ( )ntari(), Canada, in 184.V His father, Peter 
Campbell, immigrated from Arg-yleshire, Scotland, in iiSi6, and was a member of the famous clan 
Campbell, of which the Dukes of Arg-yle are the titular head. His mother was Anne Gray, of 
Banff, Scotland. When his education was completed he removed, in 1867, to Jacksonville, where 
he has been conspicuously identified with the growth and development of the City ever since. 
Shortly after his arrival here he opened a music store, which rapidly grew, until it has become one 
of the largest houses in that line south of Baltimore. It 
has been incorporated as the A. B. Campbell Company, and 
has a business that extends over the entire State. He early 
interested himself in suburban development, and has 
opened up several attractive additions to the City proper, 
chief of which is Campbell's addition on the north-eastern 
limits, with West Campbellton and Campbell's Hill on the 
west. He also established Evergreen Cemetery, which he 
has beautified to such an extent as to render it the most 
picturesque "God's Acre" in the State. 

Although a Republican in politics, and, therefoi-e, not 
in accord, politically, with the powers that be in Florida, his 
acknowledged integrity and well known ability, both of 
which are characteristics of the sturdy Scotch, have won for 
him the full confidence of all classes. So, when the 
Australian Ballot System was introduced into Jacksonville, 
he was chosen by the Legislature for one of the Election 
Commissioners, and was made Chairman of the Board. He 
is 1 member of the Board of Trustees of the St. John's Im- 
provement, which had in charge the expenditure of $300,000, 
voted bv Duval County for improving the St. Johns River. 
In July, 1S93, he was elected one of the Board of Trustees 
of the §1.000,000 issue of "Water Works and Improvement 




the Jacksonville Board of Trade 



ionds." voted by the Lii 
rovements. In January 
ost efficient and useful 



jody 
business men of the City, and re-elected in Januar}-, 1894. He is al 
Trustees of St. Luke's Hospital, a charitable institution of this City. 

stock companies of various kinds, industrial enterprises, etc., and is always in the front rank of 
those men who stand ready, both with their time and money, to advance the interests of the City 
and State. He was married in 1S80 to Marv E. Folsom, of Jacksonville, and has two children: 
Alexander B., Jr., and Grace. 



acksonville for internal im- 
he was elected President of 
, composed of the leading 
,0 President of the Board of 
He is largely interested in 
always 



WILLIAM S. WARE. 



William Stratton Ware comes from the "City of Brotherly Love," and all who know him 
well agree that he fully exemplifies in his life the beautiful interpretation of the word. He was 
born in Philadelphia, March 15th, 1851. His early years were spent on a New Jer.sey farm. He 
learned the carpenter's trade and became a successful builder. He remained in this business until 
1882, when, in co-partnership with jMr. H. D. Stratton, he engaged in the manufacture of ice. 

Previous to that time there had never been an ice machine in successful operation, but Mr. 
Stratton had for a long time been engaged in perfecting a machine that was destined to 
revolutionize the business of ice manufacturing. It was completed and put in operation at 



Charlotte, X. C. in 1887, but after a short time 



des 



With 



mg 



courage these two men gathered their little earnings together and 
inventors, Mr. Stratton was laughed at by the incredulous, 
but he persevered and the result was all he ever hoped for. 

In 1885 Mr. Ware came to Jacksonville and established, 
in company with Mr. Stratton, the Jacksonville Refrigerator 
Ice Works, which has been a success from the start. These 
works have a capacity of forty-five tons per day, supplied 
with three separate and distinct machines. In summer they 
are all kept busy. They have other plants in this State at 
Pensacola, Waldo, and Cedar Keys, all in successful 
operation. 

Mr. Ware is public spirited, energetic, and progressive, 
has long been a member of the Board of Trade, and one of 
its governors. He was married in 1878 to Miss Nellie L. 
Wooster, the daughter of a prominent farmer of Litchfield, 
Connecticut. They have no children of their own, but have 
adopted little Nellie and Harry Keller, children of Mr. 
Ware's deceased half-brother, A lovely and interesting 
pair thejr are, and the pride and delight of their adopted 
parents. Mr. Ware has just completed one of the hand- 
somest residences in the City, at a cost of about $15,000. 
He feels additional pride in it because he built it himself, 
designed the architecture and superintended the construction. 
It is a home of comfort, elegance and refinement, and con- 
tains as happy a household, doubtless, as anv in the State. 

Mr. Ware's residence is 
brick veneered, with slate roof. 
The architecture is Gothic in 
the main, with original modern 
features. The dimensions are 
38x74 feet. On the north and 
east sides are long, roomy 
verandas. The first floor con- 
tains the parlor, reception room, 
library, dining room, pantries, 
buttery, kitchen, and Mr. Ware's 
"den" or private office. The 
parlor and library are finished in 
polished sycamore with fine 
effect. These rooms have large, 
massive mantles with heavy 
ornamentation and tiled fire- 
places. The reception room is 
finished in birch. The main hall 
and stairway are finished in 
quartered antique oak, with 
wainscoting and grillwork, and 
are lighted by large bulged stain 
glass windows. All the styles 

and coloring of finish harmonize ^ 

delightfully and present a 
pleasing effect. The large open fire-place and massiv 



;built. Like many other great 





W. S. W.AR} 



the hallwav are attractive 



features. The dining-room is semi-circle bay, extending almost the entire width of the room. It 
is finished in natural quartered oak and wainscoting. It has open fire-place and china closets. By 
means of large folding doors the library, parlor, main hall, and dining-room can be thrown into one 
large room. The "den" is finished in the famous Florida curly pine. 

The second story consists of sleeping apartments, bath r( cms, etc., with a hallway extending 
through the centre. These are finished in pine, except the bath rn( ms, which are tile floored and 
wainscoted, with exposed plumbing of the latest designs. On the east side opening from the 
second floor is a shaded veranda directly over the port-cachere. The building is heated with hot 
water, and lighted with both gas and electricity throughout: electric bells in the rooms. The 
plumbing is of the most approved sanitary methods of the day. The plastering is adamant. 
Besides the regular water works a force pump in the cellar sujiMics the house with rain water from 
a large cistern. The house is complete in every detail. 



MAJOR M. P. TURNER. 



Michael P. Turner is a nativi 




*^5% 



-#^ 



to America with his parents when he 
)ld. He was born m Cork in 1856. His 
n i860, and settled in Augusta, Georgia, 
icated at Pelot's Academy, in Augusta, 



Call, in 1S93. he was made Major 1 
officer, with a fine .soldierly bearing, 
was he who commanded the troops ii 



of Ireland, but came 
was only four years 
parents immigrated 
Mr. Turner was edi 
where he received a good education, and afterwards 
gained a thorough business training, which fitted him 
for the impoi'tant duties he has since been called on to fill. 
In 1877 he went to Savannah, where he handled dry goods for 
three years, and for two years was engaged with the 
Southern Express Company. Coming to Jacksonville in 
1882, he took a position as Claim Clerk with the Savannah, 
Florida cS: Western Railway Company. He remained with 
them three years, and in June, 1885, when the Florida Fruit 
Exchange was organized, he was elected its Secretary, and 
has held the position ever since, being re-elected from year 
to year. In this po.sition Major Turner has had opportunity 
for exercising those business qualifications which he possesses 
in so marked a degree, and he deserves much of the credit 
for tile uniform success that has attended the operations of 
the Exchange. He has always been an enthusiast in military 
matters, and entered the Georgia Militia when quite young. 
He became a member of Wilson's Battery, this City, in 1887, 
jciiniug as Fourth Corporal. After this his rise was rapid. 
The following \-ear he was promoted to Second Sergeant; 
in 1889, to First Lieutenant, and in 1890 he was elected 
t'ai^tain of the Company. Upon the resignation of Major 
f the First Battalion, Florida State Troops. He is an able 
.nd is ver\- popular in military, as well as business circles. It 
the riot of July, 1892. He was married in 1881. 



J. R. CAMPBEI 



Jeremiah Rockwell Campbell is 
He is of Scotch-English descent, and 
He was educated at the Elliot Schoi 



n November 26th, : 
?ttlers of .Massaehu^ 



827. 



jsl institutions 



kind in the 



State, and a very noted institution of learning, and afterwards at mercantile schools. At the age of 
fifteen he began his career in the hotel business, connecting himself with the Campbell House, in 
Boston, which was conducted by his uncle. This establishment, in that day, was the rendezvous of 
all the local celebrities of Boston, and included among its patrons such men as William Lloyd 
Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Governor Andrew, Vice-President Wilson, etc. , etc. Having learned 
the business, he branched out for himself as a restauranteur, in which he was successful. Having a 
fancy for agriculture, he tried farming for a few years, but in 1866 abandoned it and New England 
for the mure congenial climate of Florida. It was a great day for Jacksonville, as events prove, 
wlicn J. R. Campbell first made it his home; for from that 
time t" the present he has been a conspicuous figure in tlic 
City's development. The first thing that struck him on 
his arrival was the inadequacy of hotels at a point which 
he believed could be made one of the leading resorts of 
the country. He immediately set about to remedy this con- 
dition, and the result was the St. James Hotel, which, with 
the aid of some friends, he erected, and threw open its doors 
in January, 1869. It was then, and for many yeai's there- 
after, the largest hotel in the State, but not what it is to- 
day, for it has been gradiially enlarged and improved to its 
present magnificent dimensions. (See cut elsewhere.) 
With the completion of the vSt. James, travel to Florida 
received a new impetus, which has steadih- grown. Mr. 
Campbell was the first to introduce electricity into Jackson- 
ville, when he erected a plant in 1883 to light his liotcl. 
Subsequently he organized a compan}- to illuminate the 
City, which was accomplished in 1888. This was afterwards 
merged into the Citizens' Gas and Electric Company. He 
was also active in the organization of the Jacksonville Loan 
and Improvement Company, which did much in the devel- 
opment of the City. In fact, he has been active in all public 
enterprises where the advancement of the City was involved. 

He is a large land owner in Florida; at St. James City, mk- .I- k- c.^.mphkli.. 

Charlotte Harbor, Marietta, etc. He is a man of broad and 

liberal ideas, and is always on the side of progress: a man that is of great value to the community 
in which he lives. He was married at Chelsea, Mass., in April, 1856, to Mary J., daughter of 
Captain C. B. Wilder, and has three children, one daughter and two sons. 




CHARLES B. TOWNS. 

It is always gratifying to see young men taking leading parts in the aifairs of a community 
whether it be in business or politics, in the pulpit or the forum. Jacksonville has many such in 
each of these vocations. Foremost among the young men in business leadership is Charles B. 
Towns, State agent for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. 

Mr. Towns was born in January, 1862, at La Grange, Ga., and is the eldest of seven children. 
His father, Colonel Oliver Towns, after the war removed to his plantation and sought to recuperate 
his shattered fortunes in agricultural pursuits. Like thousands of other southern gentlemen in that 
trying period, the struggle for him was a hard one, and his limited means prevented him from 
giving his elder children the benefits of an education other than was to be obtained from the 
common country schools, which were at that time very inadequate. 

As young Charles grew older he became his father's chief assistant on the farm, leading the 
hands and laboring early and late. He finds pleasure to this day in remembering that he could 

166 



pick more cotton and plough more furroiighs in a day than any man on the farm. On one occasion 
he broke the record for cotton-picking in his neighborhood, and won against all competitors with 
three hundred and sixty pounds in one day. That was a triumph that none but a farmer boy can 
fully appreciate, and though Mr. Towns has broken many other records since that time in other 
fields of usefulness, it is doubtful if any lias ever afforded liini more genuine pleasure than 
this first early victory. 

When Mr. Towns grew to manliood he decided that farm life was not congenial to his tastes, 
so at the age of twenty he came to Florida and settled first in Palatka. His only capital was good 
health, indomitable c^erg^•, and correct principles. His first work in Palatka was that of clerk in a 
hotel. At the end of one vear he went with the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West Railway as check 
clerk, and in a few months was made chief clerk in the 
Palatka office. At the end of a year he was made the 
Company's agent at Jacksonville, the most important agency 
on the line. In this position he remained for five years, in 
which time the road grew from fifty-six miles to its present 
numerous lines and connections. During his agency in 
Jacksonville he had entire charge of all the Company's local 
business, and was held personally responsible for all the 
nmnerous employees at this end of the line. When he 
resigned it was with great reluctance that the Company 
parted with him, as liis services had always been so 
eminently satisfactory. 

In 1S89, on {[uitting the railroad business, he formed a 
partnership with Mr. Cmsby Hawkins, to conduct fire, life, 
and accident insurance. In this line he seems to have found 
his true vocation, and Hawkins <.\: Towns rapidly built up a 
nourishing business. P'rom the first Mr. Towns took a keen 
interest in the life feature, and at the end of a year the firm 
decided to divide the business, he taking the life feature and 
Mr. Hawkins the cithers. He at once secured the State 
agency for the Manhattan Life Company of New York, and 
his success was phenomenal from the start. 

After two years' experience in life insurance, he 
discovered that the Pcnn Mutual had many features of 
:tcr adapted to the needs of the 
dingly induced that Company to 
come to Florida, and he was made general agent for the State. After a year and a half his 
territory was increased by the addition of Southern Alabama. 

Few men have been more successful in the insurance line than he. In iSc):; lie wrote more 
insurance than was ever written before by any other Company in the history of the State. It was 
the second largest business done in the country that year by the Penn Comi)an\-, the first Vicing In' 
the general agent at Boston, whose territory included all New England. 

In February, 1894, he organized the Industrial Insurance & Banking Company, in Jacksonville, 
of which he is President, and Mr. Hcorge M. Nolan is Secretary and Treasurer. 'IMiis is the 
first introduction of indnstrial insurance into the State, and its success has been unusual and 
gratifying. At the end of the first live months the Coni])any had wrilleu over 2,500 policies in 
Jacksonville alone. 

Mr. Towns is a man full of energ\- and e!itcr])rise. lie leads 
constantly originates new plans and methods and inii)ro\es old ones. 
pushed with such vigor that opposili<in cannot withstand his onslaughts, 
his success. He is ever ready to aid any public enterprise and to act ii 
that has the eommunitv's advancement for its object. He is especially 1 




insurance which wc 
Florida public than any Company represented hei'e. He 



ither than follows, and 
latever he undertakes is 
1 the.se are the secrets of 
irmony with every effort 
iiisiastic on athletics and 



physical culture. He has made a thorough study of the latter and of all appliances for athletic 
training'. His early experience on the farm endowed him with an excellent constitution, which he 
has never neglected, and to-day he is one of the most perfect athletes in the State, He is a 
Director in both the Jacksonville Athletic and Bicycle Club and the Driving Park Association. Is an 
active member of the Board of Trade and of the Seminole Club. The enviable success which Mr. 
Towns has achieved in business has been due wholly to his own individual efforts. He has never 
received financial aid from any source whatever, save from his own labor and ingenuity. 

Mr. Towns, always patriotic and believing that the best way to cement the broken ties between 
the North and vSouth is for them to get married, did his part in this respect by marrying a Yankee 
girl, a most charming one. She was Miss Mary M. Barbour, of Providence, R. I., and the event 
occurred October 12th, 1887. They have one child, a beautiful daughter, and a lovely home in the 
charming suburb of Riverside, where they live happily with all the comforts of home. Mr. Towns' 
business is in that flourishing condition where he can well afford to rest upon his oars and enjoy the 
fruits of his achievements in the business world, enjoying the respect of the community and the 
admiration of younger men who are ambitious to win eqiuil success. 



SC(_)TT cSj ACOSTA. 

John R. Scott was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, July 30th, 1863. He received his early 
training as a mechanic and draughtsman under his father, Joseph Scott, in a large wholesale pump 
manufacturing business. He also received private instruction in architectural branches from 
Professor Roby, of St. Louis, from 1880 to June, 1882. From June, 1882, to August, 1883, he was 
employed by the large contracting firm of Kirgan Bros., of St. Louis, as draughtsman. In the fall 
of 1883 he removed to Florida, and was variouslj^ occupied in the section between Tampa and the 
Manatee River, until vSeptember, 1885, 
when he took charge of the extensive 
building operations of the Sarasota 
Land and Improvement Company, at 
Sarasota, Florida. Having completed his 
contracts with this Company he, in 
1885, removed to Key West. This was 
just after the big tire, and he arrived 
in time tt> give his skill in the re- 
building of the city. He was closely 
identified there with most of the larger 
building operations, among which were 
the Coimty Court House, City Hall, 
and many large factories and the finer 
residences. He remained in Key A\'est 
for three years. In 1891 he went tn 
Chicago and opened his office in the 
Oxford building, where he remained 
during the building of the World's Fair 
buildings, in which he had his fair 
share until 1893. During this time .K'HN k. scott. wh.i.iam 1. acosi.a 

there were erected, after plans prepared 

by Mr. Scott, amongst other large buildings, the United States Starch Works, and the Women's 
Christian Temperance Union Temple, at Waukegan, Illinois, and in Chicago the large and elegant 
apartment building known as the Tolman, corner Fifty-ninth Street and Michigan Boulevard. 

Since locating in Jacksonville, in February, 1894, Mr. Scott has built many very fine 
residences and business blocks, some of which are shown in the cuts in this book, among them 
being the elegant residence of Mv. A. H. King, and the flats of Mr. W. F. Coachman, in Riverside. 

liiS 




In August, 1894, a partnership was formed between ^[l 
there are no superior architects in the State. Thcv 
movement to secure the large cigar factories soon t" 
have shown themselves to be public, spirited and encr 




family resided. He was educated in 
extensive travels, in which he gained 
settled in 1894. During the same }-e; 
resided here. He is unmarried. 



jrnandina, and tuok speci;i 
valuable fund (if e.Kpcricn 
he formed the partncrshi 



Mr. W. I. Acosta, than whom 
largcl\- instrumental in tlie 
icks(jnville, and in everv wav 
-, wild have gained a strong 
fnothold in the City 
which they are doing so 
much in build up. Mr. 
Sccitt is Superintendent 
and Assistant Architect 
(if the new City Hall 
building in Jacksonville. 
While in Key West he 
met and was married, in 
June, iSSb, to .Miss Mary 
i. Wcathcrfcrd, daughter 
of Captain Wm. Wcathcr- 
fonl, of the Havana and 
Key \Ve^t Steamship 
Company. They have 
no children. 

William I sad ore 

Acosta ! was born at 

^ Cainesville, Fl .rida, in 

December, iSoi. He is 

a son of Mr. J. J. Acosta, 

of h^ernandina, where the 

.■ourses in architecture. After 

■, lie came to Jacksonville and 

with .Mr. Scott, and has since 



HARRISON W. CLARK. 

Harrison Wadsworth Clark was b;irn at jack.sonvillc, April i6th, 1.S52. There are many 
distinguished names in the various branches of the families from which he is descended, some of 
which should here be mentioned: His paternal grand-mother was a daughter of General Elijah 
Wadsworth, a Captain of Cavalry in Sheldon's Regiment of Light Dragoons, Washington's favorite 
corps, in the War of the Revolution. It was three men of his company who cajjtured Major Andre 
and saved West Point. In the war of 1812 he was Major-General of the I'ourth Divisi(.in of Ohio 
troops, and after the ignominious surrender of General Hull, at Detroit, the command of the entire 
North-west territory devolved upon him. Wadsworth. ()hio, is named for him. He was in direct 
descent from William Wadsworth, the original of that name in this country, and from whose 
brother was descended H. W. Longfellow. It was William's son. Joscpli, who saved the charter of 
Connecticut, by secreting it in the famous Charter Oak. Mr. Clark, thmugli his father's maternal 
grand-mother, is descended from vStcphen Hopkins, "signer" and Governor of Rhode Island, a 
man of science and great learning in his day; who.se own maternal grand-mother, Miss Collins, was 
descended from Rev. Augustus Collins, of Middletown, Connecticut, who married Mary, daughter 
of Colonel Dixwell, a member of Cromwell's army, member of rarliamciU. and one of the Judges 
who condemned Charles I. Mr. Clark is ninth in descent from him. ( )f Rev. Augustus Collins' 
descendants, direct ancestors of this subject, his son, John, married Anna Le(.'le, daughter of 
William Leete, seven times Governor of Connecticut. His niece. Lorraine Collins, married 




Governor Oliver Wolcott, the "signer," whose son, Governor Oliver 2d, was in Washington's 
Cabinet. Roger Wolcott, late Lieutenant-Governor of Massachiisetts, was the great-grandson of 
Lorraine Collins. Two of Rev. Augustus Collins' nieces married respectively Governor Ellsworth 
and Governor Goodrich. General William B. Franklin and 
his brother, the Admiral in the late war, were also among 
his descendants, through his grand-daughter, Aris Collins. 

Mr. Clark's mother was a grand-daughter of Captain 
Samuel Harrison, of Virginia, a Royalist officer in the 
Revolution. Of four brothers, two were in the Royalist and 
two in the Patriot army. At the close of the Revolution 
Captain Harrison went to Yucatan, but afterwards settled on 
Amelia Island, in Florida, where the family resided through 
two generations. The Harrisons were English, and dated 
their titles from the time of Cromwell. Mrs. Clark's mother 
was Henrietta Roux, of Charleston, S. C, whose ancestor, 
a Huguenot, refugeed from France after the revocation of 
the edict of Nantes. She was married, in 1851, to Captain 
Henry E. W. Clark, of St. Marys, Georgia, father of 
Harrison W. This gentleman was a son of Judge Archibald 
Clark, a well known lawyer of Savannah, Georgia. His 
father came from England prior to the Revolution, and was 
an officer in the Colonial army. H. E. W. Clark was a 
soldier and politician. He removed to St. Marys, Georgia, 
when a young man and acquired properties in that State and 
in Florida. He served through the Mexican War as Captain 
of Company K, Thirteenth United States Infantry. He 
also served many years in the Senate and H(.)use of 
Representatives of Georgia. He 
also served throught the first 
Seminole War as Major, and 
upon the second outbreak, in 
1857, organized a company, but 
ill health prevented him from 
taking the field. He was a 
generous, impulsive, and chival- 
rous gentleman, and in many 
ways a most remarkable man. 
He died in Jacksonville in 1857. 
Young Harrison W. Clark 
had a harder struggle than most 
of his ancestors, as the war had 
left the family almost destitute. 
He received his early training 
from his mother, who, with rare 
devotion, watched his growth 
and instilled into his youthful 
mind principles of honor and 
morality, which the many vicissi- 
tudes of an active life under 
many trying conditions could 
never eradicate or even weaken. 




He was about sixteen 



year^ 



H. W. CL.^RK. 



old when he decided to learn the printer's trade. He first set type on the Island City, of Fernandina, 
and afterwards on the Observer, of the same place. Later he came to Jacksonville and worked on 
the Florida Courier, a semi-weekly, published by Perry Brothers. Subsequently he and John D. 
Treadwell purchased that paper and made it a Democratic or-an, at that time the only one 
in the City. 

The strongest paper in the place was the Union, a Republican journal, which made a hard 
fight against the young men. and eventually crushed them, llusiness was dull, money scarce, and 
so they sold out and resolved t.. go to Texas. As he was on the point of starting west a business 
man, who appreciated his pluck and ability, made him an offer tn take charge of his sti>rc, which was 
so flattering that he accepted it, and thus was saved to Flurida one of tlie most useful and worthy 
men in the State. 

Pretty soon, however, he found himself in journalism again, as Assistant lUisiness Manager of 
the Union, and later as City Editor. It was in this cap.icitv that he received the first press 
dispatches that ever came to Jacksonville. For a number of vears he alternated lietwecn the 
various journals of this City; some were successes, and some were failures, but all of them bore the 
stamp of his able mind. 

He, with Mr. George F. Cubbcdge, established the first afteni.)on paper in the State, 
in 1S78, the Evening Chronicle, which was a success. Finally, when the fight was on i)etwcen 
the Union and the Times, he was Business :\lanager of the Union, and upon the death of 
Mr. McCallum, the owner, that paper passed into the hands of Charles II. Jones, who established 
the Times-Union. The brothers Ashmead then established the Florida Herald, an afternoon daily, 
and employed Mr. Clark and John Temple Graves to conduct it. Mr. Clark was City Editor and 
Business Manager. He and (Graves purchased the Herald soon afterwards, and it became a 
profitable enterprise. 

In 1885 he was appointed by President Cleveland Postmaster at Jacksonville. He was 
the first Democrat to hold that office for twenty-five years, This office necessitated his 
retirement from active journalism. For four years he filled the position of Postmaster most 
acceptably, and until removed by the succeeding Republican administration. He then turned his 
attention to real estate operations, and formed a partnership with Mr. A. \V, Piarrs. Rarrs cV 
Clark made a conspicuous success of their business from the very start, and became prominent 
among the pioneers of phosphate development, after the discovery <if that valuable deposit m the 
State. For a time they gave up everything to phosphate operations, and at times made a fortune 
in a single deal. 

When Mr. Cleveland was elected for the second time to the chief magistracy, he made 
an exception to his established rule, by reappointing .Mr. Clark Postmaster at Jackson\ii:e. 
He was endorsed for the position by over one thousand citizens, including the full Florida 
delegation in Congress. Mr. Clark is President "f the Excelsior Phosphate Company, and Vice- 
President of the High Springs Phosphate Company, which is said to be the best paying one 
in the State. 

His connections with imijortant bu.siness enterprises is conspicuous. Amongst others he is 
Secretary and Treasurer of the Merchants' and Mechanics' Building and Loan Association; and 
holds the same position with the People's Building and Loan Association ; is Cashier and Treasurer 
of the Florida Investment and Savings Bank; member of the Board of Trade, the Seminole 
Club, is a member and Past .Master of Solomon Lodge, Xo, 20, F, .V A. M,, etc., etc. His 
business and social connections are of the highest, and as a man he bears a character that is 
without blemish, 

Mr. Clark isanum of a great deal of public s,)iril. In business and in politics he has ever t.aken 
the keenest interest in all things calculated to advance the imercsls of the community. A staunch 
Democrat, he has attended nearly every convention of that parly for twenty years, and is recogni/.ed 
as one of its bulwarks in the Stale, He was married April lOth, 1.SO9, to .Miss Helen H. Telfair, 
They have five children: Rc-nL- Telfair, Henry E. W,, Anna Mary, Eliza Vipont, and Guy 
Stockton. 



CHARLES W. DA COSTA. 



Another native Floridian, who has achieved success by his 
is Charles Wesley Da Cdsta. He was born in Jacksonville, in De 
writer once said of him : " He is a Southern born gentleman, w 
and man of affairs is worthy of the attention and emulation of e 
the late Judge Aaron W. Da Costa, who was a member of an ok 
Portuguese descent. Charles W. Da Costa received a com- 
mon school education in Jacksonville, and at the age of 
eighteen learned his trade at the printer's case. From there 
he rose by degrees to be a job printer on his own account, 
and by a series of uninterrupted successes he has risen to the 
head of one of the largest, most elaborate and completely 
ecjiiipped publishing establishments in the Southern vStates. 
It was in 1884 that he started business for himself in a small 
way. The people appreciated him and his business grew 
rapidly from two presses to thirteen, till in 1891 his establish- 
ment comprised nearly all of the second and third stories 
of the L'Engle Block. Then came the great fire that 
swept it all away and he was a heavy loser. He was not 
discouraged, however, and soon opened up again in his 
present handsome and commodious quarters, which he has 
rendered very attractive by an exquisite taste in design and 
arrangement. In 1884 he obtained control of the Florida 
Dispatch, Farmer & Fruit Grower, which he has continued to 
publish. In 1888 he established the Florida Trade Journal, 
which has continued to be a leading commercial paper. Since 
1892 his business is known as the Da Costa Printing Company. 
Besides their own publications they issue at least sixteen 
others, consisting of newspapers, journals, and periodicals. 
Book-binding and blank-book manufacture are also among 



individual pluck and native metal, 
•cember, 1858, and as a well known 
hose career as a citizen, journalist, 
very young man." His father was 
1 South Carolina family of French- 




S W. DA COST. 



their specialties. One of their most artis 
is the style and make of \Vebl)'s Jackson- 
ville Directory, which has been added to 
their list of publications. In 1889 Mr. 
DaCosta was first elected Public Printer for 
the State. Then he bought the Tallahassee 
Floridian, the oldest paper in the State, and 
during the session of the Legislature that 
year ran it successfully as a daily. In 1 89 i 
he was appointed an Alderman of Jack- 
sonville by Governor Fleming, and in 1893, 
when the elective system returned, he was 
elected to the same position from his Ward, 
and is a member of the important Commit- 
tee on Laws and Rules. He is full of pub- 
lic spirit, progressive, and enterprising. He 
holds membership in the Board of Trade, 
the Seminole Club, the Masonic Order, 
Elks, etc., and is — a bachelor. 



achi 




lames Euirene il 




ve .if S.mth Can.lina. He was bMri 
8th, 1855. His parents iviiKivcd t' 
in Jacksonville, where the \-uun,i;- 
ti<.n. At an early a^e he learned 
father, James G. Merrill. His first 
the Ciintederate g-unboat I'edee. 
father until he was twenty years (if 
establishment "f his "wn. This w 
retirement of his father fmni busi 
and his bi-Mther, A. R. Merrill, for 
the firm name of J. M. Merrill \- 
ducted an extensive boiler-makin^i^ 
their general blacksmithiu''-, and b 



It Ch; 



_'St(>n, 

I'lorida in i8()6, settlin 
lan received his edue; 
ilaeksmithmt;', under hi 
York of this kind was o 
He remained with hi 
i-e, when he started a 



ir\' 



MR. J. E. MERKILI 



.. f(jur years later, he 
a partnership under 
ther. The firm con- 
siness, in addition to 
up a flourishint;- Inisi- 
ness. This continued until 1887, when the Merrill-Stevens 
ICno'ineering Company was incorporated, and began business 
upon a greatly enlarged scale. He was made Treasurer, and 
Superintendent of the IJlacksmithing Department. Mr. 
r^Ierrill is a member of the I'.oard of Trade, and of the 
Masonic Fraternity. He is President of the Woodlawn Club. 
He was for a term Captain of the local Harbor Number 24, 
Masters' and Pilots' Ass(jeiation, and holds papers as Master, 
Pilot, and Engineer. He is a skilled workman, and an all- 
around active man of business, always ready to aid in pitblic 
enterprises. He was married in 1880 to Miss Perley Small, 
of Jacksonville. They have two sons: James Campbell and 
Kenneth Alexander, and one daughter, Helen Joanna. 




Alexander R. Merrill, brother of the former, is also a 
Charlestonian, and was b..rn Mav i.nh. 1801. He didn't do 
any work on Confederate gun-boats, unlike his brother, but 
he early contracted a habit for making boilers and doing 
general blacksmith woi'k, and soon became a inaster. As 
already stated, he f.irnied a partnershiji with J. E. Merrill, 
in 1880. and when the Merrill-Stevens e"onii)any was char- 
tered he was its Secretary, and Superintendent of the 
boiler-making department. The history of this company is 
recorded in the chajjter on manufactures. Mr. Merrill is a 
member of the Elks Club. Knights of Pythias, and Marine 
Engineers. He is a Royal .\rch Mason, a Mystic Shriner, 
and also a Master f^ngiueer. He was married in 1884 to 
Miss Eloise J. DeMedecis, of St. Augustine. 



.MR. A. R. .MERKl 



A. D. STEVENS. 



Arthur D. Stevens was burn in November, 1862, at Calais, ^I 
age, his father, Thomas H. Stevens, who was a shipbuilder, 
Jacksonville, where, in company with Captain Brock, he 
built the marine railway- now owned by Drew & Hazeltine. 
When Arthur was eleven years of age, he went back to 
Calais to attend school. After graduating at the High 
School there, he entered the Polytechnic Institute, at 
Worcester, Mass. He graduated from it, in 1884, with the 
degree of B. S. in mechanical and electrical engineering. 
He then returned to Jacksonville, and became superin- 
tendent of the Citizens' Gas Company, and, in addition, two 
years later, of the American Illuminating Company. He 
superintended the construction of the present electric station 
of these companies, until it was safely on the way to comple- 
tion. 

In the fall of 1887 the jMerrill-Stevens Engineering 
Company was organized, and Mr. vStevens was chosen Presi- 
dent. As the chief officer of this big manufacturing estab- 
lishment, he has distinguished himself as a business man of 
splendid attainments. He is a thorough scientific engineer, 
and complete master of his calling. He has never had the 
time nor inclination to seek political preferment, but was 
prc\-ailed upon t" represent his Ward in the City Council in 
i8()-. In Inisiness affairs he is more conspicuous. He is 
\'icc-Prcsi<:lcnt "f tlic River Front Terminal Company, 
which has fur its object the opening of a new street along the 
river bank, back of the business blocks on Bay. He is a 
director in the Citizens' Gas and Electric Company, and the Jack 
also Secretary and Engineer of the Florida Dredging Company, 
but lives with his mother in Jacksonville. 



aine. When he was two years of 
, removed, with his familv to 




MR. A. 1). STEVl 



onville Electric Light Company; 
Mr. Stevens has never married. 



C. (). LIVINGSTON. 



" The man for variotis arts renowned, 
Long exercised in /(i/7, O muse resound ! 



Charles Ondis Livingston is possessed of a peculiar genius in being a master of more arts 
and trades than most men, and in exercising them always to advantage. It is said of him that he 
can draw the plans of a structure, erect a house, make a bugg)-, or a shoe for man or beast; plough 
a field, plumb a house, manufacture a harness, congeal water for commercial and domestic purposes, 
double the value of property by the mere act of buying it, shoe a horse, or preach a sermon, all 
with equal facility. Most men, to undertake so much, would be a failure in all, but strange to 
say, he has been successful in all. Mr. Livingston was born in Contookville, New Hampshire, 
December loth, 1841, eldest child of Ondis Livingston, a native of Scotland, and Christena 
Livingston, a native of Sweden. His parents were married in the Province of Quebec, Canada, 
and soon afterward moved to New Hampshire, where they engaged in farming. At an early age 
the son was obliged to go to work to help support the family. His school education was confined 
to two winter terms at a country school of the most primitive kind. He supplemented this by 
having an open spelling-book beside him on the bench, wliile he pegged shoes during the seasons of 



ice and snow, being- his own teacher, and studying under dilficulties so great that most lads of his 
age would have given up all attempts at an education. Afterwards he learned the wheelwright's 
trade at ^Manchester, New Hampshire. In three years' time he became a thorough mechanic, and on 
leaving his employer, traveled as a journeyman. ( )f his war recoi-d Mr. Li\'ingst<>n is justly proud, for 
he served his country faithfully throughout the struggle. At the breaking nut uf hnstilitics he enlisted 
from Nashua, New Hampshire, and was sent immediately to 
Washington to help defend the Capital. Later he jninetl the 
Quartermaster's Department and accompanied Sherman's 
Expedition tn Port Royal, South Carolina, and was at the 
capture of that port and of Beaufort. At Port Royal Ferry, 
while in charge of the wagon trains, he ran into a masked 
battery and was slightly wounded. Subsequently he became 
attached to the Army of the James. He was attached 
successively to the Tenth Connecticut, Twenty-fourth ^hlssa- 
chusetts, and the Tenth Army Corps, with which he saw 
service in South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Virginia. He 
helped to dig the Dutch Gap Canal before Richmond, and was 
at Bermuda Htmdred and Yorktown. At the close of the 
war he received an honorable discharge, and came to Jack- 
sonville togrow up with the town. Me has been conspicuously 
successful here, and it is said of him that he has built more 
houses than any man in the City, outside of contractors, and 
the City has to hustle to keep pace in its growth with his 
own. He is the oldest furniture man in tlie State, having 
entered the business in 1869. It is also slated that he was 
the first man to manufacture ice in Florida. But his fortune 
was made chiefly in the furniture business and in real estate 
operations. He also derives handsome revenues from rents 
.MR. c. o. i,ivi.\(,Mo.\. ,,j- himses and Inisiness blocks, of which he owns nearly fifty 

in thisCitv, and a number at otlier points. From 1S72 to 
1879 he operated a line of schooners between Boston and Jacksonville, and also three steamers on 
the St. Johns River. He is a Mason, a Trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a warm 
supporter of all charities, irrespective of creed or race. He had a steeple erected on his church, 
and a bell placed in it; and has done many other charities. He was twice married. The first time, 
in September, 1885, to Roxine Arey, of Woodsville, New Hampshire, and a second time to ^Martha 
Johnson, daughter of C. B. Jt>hnson, Esq., of Dojdestown, Pennsylvania. The latter marriage took 
place at the World's Fair in Chicago, September 19th, 1893. Mr. Livingston has two remedies in 
every case to beat bad luck; industrv and economy; if they do not succeed it is because they are 
not properly applied. By their application he lias achieved the great success in life he now enjoys. 




HON. JOHN 



HARTRIDGE. 



John Ivarle Hartridge was born in Madison Ci>unty, I'lorida, in 1851. His falhei- was the late 
Doctor Theodore Hartridge, a native of Savannah, Georgia. Of him it has been said: " Doctor 
Hartridge was a man of noble and generous impulses, and broad and boundless benevolence. To 
him the burdened heart could pour out its sorrows, and distress prefer its suit, and many, very 
many, of the poor and distressed of earth have been made to rejoice because of timely assistance 
received at his hands. He was held in the highest estimation by all classes of the people, and of 
him it can be truly said that every ]jlace was made better by his presence, as he invariably 
commanded the most profound respect and inspired unbounded confidence." Mr. Hartridge 's 



mother was Miss Susan Livingston, of South Carolina, who still survives — a woman of rare 
Christian virtues, and just the mother to bring up worthy sons to useful citizenship. Doctor and 
Mrs. Hartridge moved to Jacksonville when their son 
was a child, and this City has been his home since, save 
during the Civil War. He entered the University of 
Georgia, and won the sophomore medal in 1S71, and gradu- 
ated as anniversarian in 1873, that being the highest literary 
honor in the literary societies. 

He has continuously practiced law in the City of Jack- 
sonville since his admission to the bar. 

He was elected to the State Senate on the Democratic 
ticket in October, 1894. He has canvassed the State in 
behalf of the Democratic Party in every campaign since the 
Tilden campaign of 1875-76. 

During the dark days in Florida, when political feeling 
ran high, and people were being arrested all over the State, 
and being brought to Jacksonville for trial in the United 
States Court, Mr. Hartridge defended them without reward, 
or the hope thereof, and his father, whose acquaintance was 
large in the State, was invariably the bondsman of all 
Democrats arrested for political offenses. 

In iS.sS Mr. Hartridge was appointed by President 
Cleveland I'nited States Judge for the Northern District of 
Florida, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. 
Thomas Settle, Republicans being in the majority in the 

Senate, and Mr. Harrison having been elected to succeed ^'R- John e. h.^rtridge. 

Mr. Cleveland at the time of Mr. Hartridge's nomination, 




he was refused 
The appointment 
cpiently given 
Swayne, of Pennsylvania, 



mhrmation. 

^vas subse- 

j Charles 

who 

had lived in Florida only a short 
time. He has served Jackson- 
ville as City Attorney, and was 
appointed Commissioner to the 
Paris Exposition, but did not at- 
ti.nil, Mr. Hartridge is an orator 
(if great force and eloquence, 
which lias been used with 
liowcrful effect on his auditors, 
whether in Court, on t1ic hust- 
ings, or in the Senate Chamber. 
He was married in .September, 
1S80, to Miss Susan I'atio 
L'Engle, youngest daughter of 
F. F. and Charlotte J. L'Fngle, 
of Jacksonville. They have 
four sons: Julian, John Farle, 
L'Engle and Theodore. Their 
residence in Riverside, recently 
completed, is one of the hand- 
somest in the City. 




E. H.-iRl\RID<;E. 



AUGUSTUS G. HARTRIDG 



Ti) be a mtniber of the J; 
\ttorney at the age of twenty-fun: 
T. Hartridge, and it has probably 



:\Ir. Hartridf 
Tlieodore Har 



;idgL 



nrn in Jack^ 
ind 



roll 




if H. 



ts cuunti 
, May - 
r. J.'.hn 
1 of this 
luth Cai 
^v c tfice ( 



1 aistinction ; I 
•rpart in the hi 
th, 1869. He 
I-:. Hartrid-e. 
City in Jnne, 



honor that is thrust upon him ser 

and nerve him for newer and lireater achievements. 



ge of twenty-two. and State 

lit this is the record of Mr. A. 

•tory of Florida. 

s the yoiinoest son of the late 
He graduated from the High 

1886, and afterwards attended 
the South Carolina ililitary Academy. In 1S87 he entered 
the law c tfice of his brother, Hon. John E. Hartridge. where 
he commenced the study of law. He was, in December of 
the same year, appointed to a United States Deputy Marshal- 
ship, which office he filled for several months, after which he 
returned to the study of law. He was admitted to the bar 
in Jacksonville in June, 1.S90. He then to(..k a course of law 
in the University of \'irginia, returning to Jacksonville in the 
autumn to begin the practice of his profession. In June, 
1891. ;\Ir. Hartridge was appointed assistant to Hon. R. M. 
Call, County Soliciti.ir for Du\-al County, which position he 
tilled creditably. The same year he became a member of the 
Jacksonville Aldermanic Board, where he distinguished him- 
self as a ready speaker and a keen debater. Early in 1893 he 
was appointed State Attorney for the Fourth Judicial Circuit 
of Florida, which position he still holds. Un his return from 
the military academy at Charleston, he joined the local 
militia and was made Lieutenant in the Jacksonville Light 
Infantry, and afterwards promoted to Adjutant of the 
First Florida Battalion. He resigned on his appointment 
as State Attorney. For one who has held so many 
positions of trust and distinction in a career so brief, it is 
easy to predict a brilliant future. A gentleman of sterling- 
character and a liberal endowment of brains, each new 
•es but to stimulate him to a fuller discharge of his duties 



THE STOCKTON FAMILY. 

'I'he Stocktons are of English extraction. The family, which, in point of desc 
the most ancient houses in England, is styled de Stockton in ancient Latin deeds. T 
is derived from two Latin words, Stock and Tun. The meaning of the word Stock is 
" stem of a tree," and.Tnn is a word signifying "inclosure." 

In a pedigree of the Stockton family, taken from an English history at a Briti 
find the name was written de Stockton in jjrimitive days, and, in later times. Stockti 
only change the name has undergone in eight hundred years, and is caused merely 
spelling of the original Saxon words. 

The Stockton family, ancient and patrician, in I-'ngland has been disiinguishcc 
of the conquest; and, in this free country, where •'worth makes tlic man," il ha 
distinguished since 1660. 

Their ancestors were anciently Lords of the .Man(jr 
Barony of ^hllpas. Stockton Manor is in the Town of .M 
Count)- of Cheshire, Ivngland, and was granted in the \-i. 



cut, rai 
he fami 



iks with 
ly name 
Je." the 



^h musei 
n. Thi 



Sloe 
is. in 



n. whit 
L- Hum 
the re 



since II 
as been i 

held uni 
Broxtmi, 
ung lieu 



Besides Stockton Manor, there is a place in the Parish of Malpas called Stockton's Bank, and a 
dwelling place called Stockton Hall. In the Chnrch of Malpas are many of the Stockton memorials. 
One remarkable memorial was that of Right Honorable Sir John Stockton, Knight, Lord Mayor 
of London, 1470-71, was knighted in the field by King Henry lY. The coat of arms granted to the 
Stockton family has been borne by the family during many centuries of its history in England and 
America. The arms are described thus: "Gules; a chevron vaire, argent and azure, between 
three molette or." Translated, the last two words mean "the rowel of a spur." The crest is a 
lion rampant, supporting an Ionic pillar. The motto of the .Stockton family is " Omnia Deo 
Pendent" (all depends on God), and is founded on piety, loyalty, and valor. The coat-of-arms is 
registered at the Herald's College. 

Richard Stockton, son of John Stockton, and grand-son of Owen Stockton, of the Parish of 
Malpas, Cheshire, England, was born in 1606. He emigrated, with his wife and children, from 
England previous to the year ibbo. on account of either religious or state persecution during the 
protectorate of Cromwell, to America, and resided a few years on Long Island, at Flushing, near 
the City of New York. From there he removed to New Jersey. He died, leaving a widow, three 
sons, and five daughters. 

His oldest son, Richard, settled in Princeton, and, about 1700, purchased six thousand acres 
of land, of which the present Town of Princeton is nearly the center. The Stocktons were the first 
Europeans to occupy this land after the discovery of the country by Columbus, and still hold a 
portion of it. Richard Stockton resided, until his death, at an advanced age, in Princeton. He 
died in 1709, leaving a widow and six .sons: Richard, Samuel, Joseph, Robert, John, and Thomas. 
His fifth son, John Stockton, devised the family seat, Morven. John Stockton was one of the first 
Presiding Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of the County of Somerset, under the Royal 
Government. He was a man of education, wealth, and great influence in the early history of New 
Jersey, and was prominently instrumental in securing to Princeton the College of New Jersey. He 
occupied the plantation known now as Morven, which was devised to him by his father, Richard 
Stockton, Esq. He was the most prominent of six sons. He was born in 1701 and died in 1757, 
leaving a widow, four sons, and four daughters. These four sons, Richard, a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, Captain John Stockton, the Rev. Philip Stockton (the great-grand- 
father of the Stockton family in Florida), and Samuel Witham Stockton, were all distinguished men. 
The Rev. Philip Stockton, who fought in the battle of Princeton, was called the "Revolutionary 
Preacher." He studied theology with the Rev. John Witherspoon, and received the degree of 
Master of Arts. He was a Presbyterian, and was ordained a minister by the Presbytery of New 
Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1778. He was born in Princeton, July nth, 1746, and Miss Katharine 
Gumming, to whom he was married April 13th, 1769, was born on the 6th of April, 1748. She was 
a sister of General John Noble Cumming, of New Jersey. 

The Rev. Philip Stockton was a man of fortune and influence. He resided at his home, 
Ca.stle Howard, in Princeton, until Ins death, January 12th, 1792, leaving a widow and five sons: 
Lucius Witham Stockton, John Stockton, Elias Boudinot Stockton, William Tennent Stockton (the 
grand-father of the Stockton family in Florida), and Richard Stockton. William Tennent Stockton, 
his fourth son, was born at Castle Howard, in Princeton. He married Anna Williamson, of New 
Jersey, and then removed to Philadelphia, and entered into partnership with his uncle. General 
John Noble Cumming. He resided at his country home, Roxborough, six miles from Philadelphia, 
until his death, in 1823. He left a widow, four sons, and three daughters. 

William Tennent Stockton (fatlier of the Stockton family in Jacksonville) was born at 
Roxborough, on October 8th, 1812. In July, 1834, he graduated at the United States Military 
Academy, at West Point, and subsequently did service on the Northern Frontier, in Georgia, and in 
the Florida War, gaining for himself distinction as a soldier and an officer. Resigning his office in 
the army, he removed to Florida and settled in Quincy, Gadsden County, and became a planter. 
" But so conspicuous was his military talent that again and again, and without solicitation, he 
was called by his fellow citizens, by election, and by appointment from the Governor, to fill 
important positions in the State. At the commencement of the late war Colonel Stockton, feeling 



that duty to his adopted State and his loved ones called him to the field, promptly offered his 
services and was appointed Captain in the Regular Army of the Confederate States. In a short 
time he was made Major and then Lieutenant-Colonel of Cavalry." He was detailed to muster in 
the service all the troops in I'lorida, and when his work in that State was finished he immediately 
went to the front. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Missionary Ridge and sent to Johnson's 
Island, where he was confined until several months after the war ended. " By education a soldier, 
by instinct a hero, he belonged to that race of noble men whose names adorn the historic page, and 
whose character added lustre and gave tone to the social life in the South. He was a typical 
Southern soldier, the incarnate spirit of the Confederacy. His handsome face and form, his lofty 
bearing, now towering in the forefront of battle, now falling back before overwhelming numbers, 
contesting every inch of ground until, finally, overcome but not conquered, victorious even in 
defeat, he hurled defiance in the face of the foe, breaking his sword and throwing away hilt and 
blade and scabbard as a token of an imconquerable spirit. Such a picture marked C<.ilonel 
William T. Stockton, the very personification of knightly chivalry." 

The above two quotations are extracts from the book, '• Dickinson and His Men." William 
Tennent Stockton was married to his first wife, vSarah Strange, in 1839. They had one son. named 
William Tennent, and one daughter, Harriet. He married his second wife, Julia Telfair, third 
daughter of Doctor Thornas Telfair, of Washington, North Carolina, December 23d, 1845. They 
had seven sons: Richard, Warwick Rush, Thomas Telfair, Guy Henry, John Noble Gumming, 
Telfair and George T. Ward, and two daughters. Julia Vipont and Mary Stuart Stockton. William 

Tennent Stockton died in Ouincy, Florida, March 4th, 
1869, leaving a widow, four sons and two daughters, 
who removed to Jacksonville in 1870. Mrs. Julia Telfair 
Stockton died June loth, 1892, leaving three sons and 
one daughter, Mrs. Mary Stockton Young, widow of 
the Rt. Rev. T"hn Freeman Young, Bishop of Florida. 






THOMAS T. STOCKTON. 


Thoi 


las Telfair Stockton, iournalist, w 


lincy 


Florida, October 8th, 1853. He \\ 



Union. Mr. Stockton becamt 
the State, and was one of th 
whole South for manv years. 



born 
edu- 
cated at private schools and the Quincy Academy. 
When eighteen years old he commenced business life as 
a civil engineer. In 1S71 he connected himself with 
the Southern Express Company, remaining with that 
company for twelve years in various capacities, until 
he had attained the highest available place, that of 
Route Agent of the entire State. In 1883 he removed 
to Jacksonville to engage in mercantile business, in 
which he was eminently successful. But, not satisfied, 
he, with two brothers and a few friends, started a daily 
morning paper, the News-Herald, made-up by combin- 
ing the ]\Iorning News with the Evening Herald, 
already well established journals. In May, 1878, the first 
issue appeared. In 1 888 the business was transferred to 
a stock company, the Florida Publishing Company, and 
the corporation secured contracts of all the daily papers 
published in the City, and combined them under the 
name of the oldest and most successful, the Timcs- 
leneral Manager, and the ncsvspapcr the leading journal of 
• that shaped the policy and tlictated the sentiment of the 
Stockton, on Mav 16th. 1877, married Willie A. Lawton, 



daughter of Colonel W. J. Lawton, of Macim, Georgia. They have one son, Winb(.)rn, and three 
daughters, Julia, Mildred and Helen. 

John Noble Gumming Stockton, President of the National Bank of the vState of Florida, owes 
his success in life to his indomitable energy, courage of his convictions and honesty of purpose, 
both in personal and public matters. As President of the Board of Trade, and Chairman of Public 
Works, he left no occasion untried that would benefit his adopted City and fellow-citizens. He 
was also prominently connected with and aided in the building of St. Andrews, the Bishop Young 
Memorial Church, East Jacksonville. For a number of years he was one of the Wardens of the 
Church, and was also a member of the Standing Committee of the Diocese. He was born 
November 17th, 1857, in Quincy, Florida, and was married to Miss Fannie Baker, daughter of 
Judge James M. Baker, of Jacksonville, Fla., September 27th, 188,^. They have two sons, William 
Tennent and Gilchrist, and one daughter, Frances. 

Telfair vStockton, at an early age, developed a practical knowledge of business methods, 
which has been largely instrumental in his eminently successful career. He has been, and is, 
thoroughly identified with the growth and prosperity of Jacksonville, and through his keen 
insight in matters pertaining to real estate, of which he has made a specialty, he has induced many 
to make their homes in this City. He was born in Ouincy. Fla., January 31st, i860, and was 
married to Miss Florence Fitch, daughter of James Roosevelt Fitch, of New York, January 15th, 
1885. They have one son. James Roosevelt, and one daughter, Florence. 



HON. J. C. (iREELEY. 



Jonathan C. Greeley was born at Palermo, Waldo Coun 
was an industrious farmer, but in straitened circumstances, 
and the son had not only to work early and late while attend- 
ing the district school, but also to earn the money during 
vacations with which to pay his board and tuition at New 
Castle Academy. His father was not only poor, but in debt, 
and it is indicative of the character of the son that he de- 
voted his first earnings, after leaving college, to paying off 
a mortgage on his father's farm. Soon after his graduation, 
ill health forcing him to seek a milder climate, he removed 
to Florida, where, with renewed health, he soon took an 
active part in public affairs, and was elected to the City 
Council of Palatka. During the Civil War, while outspoken 
for the Union, he remained a non-combatant. In 1862-63 he 
represented Putnam County in the Legislature, and soon 
after, having removed to Duval County, he was its Treasurer 
until 1876. In 1873 he was elected Mayor of Jack.sonville, 
and in 1882 he was elected State Senator. In the Senate he 
served with distinguished ability, his conservative and con- 
sistent course making him warm and valued friends, even in 
the ranks of his political opponents. So strong, indeed, was 
this element that Mr. Greeley was induced, in 1884, to be- 
come a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor, but .strong as was 
his personal following and general popularity, they failed to 
break party lines, and he was defeated. He was also, in 
1886, a candidate for Congress, which, from the same cause, 
produced a like result. He was a member of the Consti 
promulgated the present Constitution of Florida. 

In 1874 the Florida Savings Bank and Real Estate Exch 



ty, Maine, July 6th, 1833. His father 




HON. J. C. ORKKI.KV. 

tutional Convention of 1885, which 
mge was organized, of which he was 



President for thirteen years, and until it went out of business. In 1888 the Land ^Mortgage Bank, 
of London, England, was organized in Jacksonville, with Greeley, Rollins & Morgan, as resident 
agents. It has a capital of $2,500,000. He is President of the Florida Finance Company, with a 
capital of S250.000; President of the Indian River Pineapple and Cucnanut Grove Association, which 
owns vast tracts of land on the famous Indian River, and in other parts of the State, including 

, Greeley, aside from politics, has always been 
piomment m public enterprises, and has e\ei 
taken \ keen interest m public attans He was 
one ot the oii^mil Tiustcesof St I uke s Hos 
pit U ot the I) micl Mcmoiiil • )iph ini.,t md 
also ot the JacksonMlle Public Librai\ \\ hen 
the Boaid ot Public Works was established m 
18^7 he WIS m idc the hrst Chairm-m P'oi 
se\eiil \tais he held the lesponsiblt position 




ot I)eput\ L< 
Florida. Dui 
First \'ice-Pre 



t lutein il Re\enui 
.pidemic ot 1888 he 



Jersey. Mr. (ireeley comes of 
Rufus Choate, was buried on he 
last March. Some of his grand - 



long-lived famib 
eighty-seventh bi 
areiits passed the 



'.-, the 

dent of the Board of Trade. 
( )f some men it is said that their friends 
arc among the best and int)st prominent people. 
Of Mr. (h-celcy, it is remarked that his friends 
include all classes, and that he is as ready to 
lend a sympathetic ear to the distressed laborer 
— white or colored — as to the highest in the land. 
Mr. Greeley has one of the most attract- 
ive homes in the City, in Riverside sulmrl), 
overlooking the St. Johns. He was first mar- 
ried, in 1858, to Lydia, daughter of Judge W. 
A. Forward, of Palatka, by whom he had one 
son. Mother and son were lost at sea in Oc- 
tober, 1S65. His second manMage was to Miss 
Leonora Keep, of Lake City, in 1867, who died 
in April. 1886. He has three children: Allan, 
who has just graduated from the L^niversity of 
Michigan, at Ann Arbor; he was previously 
graduated from Yale; Florence, now Mrs. I)r. 
James G. DeVeaux, of New York, and Mellen, 
aged fourteen, at school in Law-renceville, New 
. His mother, who was Sally Choate, cousin of 
tlidav. while her brother Rufus was ninety-seven 
.enturv mark. 



CAPTAIN W. y. DRISC 



William J. Driscoll was born at the village of Cold Spring, New York, just 
Point, August i8th, 1867. His parents were residents of Charleston, South Carol 
time of his birth his mother was on a visit to Cold Spring. His father, John J. 
graduate of West Point, and was First Lieutenant, First Regiment of Artillery, Unite 

Young Driscoll received his education in Charleston, and at an early age enten 
house of Hon. W. A. Courtenev, where he remained for six years, and received an ex' 



opposite West 
ina, Imt at the 

Driscoll. was a 
d States Army, 
.•d the counting 
.■client business 



ining. Mr. Courlenc\- was Su])ci-i 
111 his resiii'iialion from that i)o.siiii 



.•ndent of tf 
Mr. Driscoll 
181 



Clvdi 



isiup l.in 
lie was 



Cleveland administration, to a position in the railway mail service, and 
all throug'h the Harrison administration, and became a route 
ag-ent in the service. Under Cleveland's second administra- 
tion he was appointed, in 1.S91, Superintendent of Mails at 
Jacksonville, which position he still holds, and is a most 
efficient and obliging- official. 

Mr. Driscoll was always fond of the "pomp and cir- 
cumstance " of a military career, and when he was quite a 
lad, he joined the Palmetto Guards, Company E, of 
Charleston. From a private, he passed through all the 
grades, and was elected Second Lieutenant, in 1892. He 
resigned from the Guards when he left Charleston, and had 
a brief respite from militia duty. In 1894, hovever, upon 
joining the Jacksonville Light Infantry, Company A, First 
Battalion, Florida State Troops, he was elected Captain 'of the 
Company, and still holds the commission as such. Since his 
election to the Captaincy, the Company has increased its mus- 
ter roll very considerably, and has gained much in proficiency. 
Captain Driscoll is an excellent officer, being a thorough tac- 
tician, and a strict disciplinarian. Under his command the 
Jacksonville Light Infantry has come to be one of the crack 
companies of the State. It is about forty strong. Captain 
Driscoll was married, April 22d, 1891, to Miss Fannie Flynn, of 
Charleston. They have one son, Courteney Drisc( ill, who is an 
honorary and star member of the Jacksonville Light Infantry. 



-intinued in the department 




CAPTAIN L. H. MATTAIR. 
Lewis Henry Mattair is a native of Lake City, Florida, 
where he was born January 29th, 1868. He was a son of 
Lewis H., a prominent merchant of Lake City, who con- 
ducted a business extending over the entire State. The 
family are of French Huguenot descent, but have lived in 
Florida for many years. After attending the Jacksonville 
schools, Mr. Mattair was sent, at the age of fourteen, to Dr. 
Porter's School, in Charleston, S. C, w^hich was then' known 
as the Holy Church Collegiate Institute. He remained in 
this institution till he was seventeen, when he entered the 
University of the South, at Sewannee, Tenn. He was grad- 
uated from there in 1889, at the age of twenty-one, with the 
degree of C. E. Returning to Jacksonville, he entered 
actively upon his profession of civil engineering in the Gov- 
ernment service in Florida waters. He also aided in the 
construction of railways, canals, and other engineering w..rk, 
and was one of the engineers employed on the St Johns 
River improvement, after Duval Countv had voted $300 000 
for that purpose. He received the appointment of City 'En- 
gineer for Jacksonville in ,894, and still fills that position 
with great credit, and to the entire satisfaction of the public. 
Sewannee is a military school, herice his military training 
began at a very early age, and it was thorough. After hit 
return to Jacksonville, he joined the Jacksonville Li.^ht 




Infantry as a private. While he was away attending an encampment of this Company, he was 
elected Captain of the Metropolitan Light Infantry, of Jacksonville, which is Company C, First 
Battalion, F. S. T. He had a complete reorganization of the Metropolitan Light Infantry, and by 
his excellent discipline and admirable soldiership he has liroiight the company 11]^ to a hii^li 
standard of proficiency that is second to none in the State. It musters forty men, rank and Hie. 
Captain ]\Iattair was married December 6th, 1.S93, to ^Nliss ]\Iary Eagan, daughter of Honorable 
Dennis Eagan, of Jacksonville. They have one child, Lewis H. Mattair, ]y. 



J. M. DES ROCHERS. 



John Mowbray 
was a prominent di 



Des 


R 


jchel 


s 


was 


bo 


•ii 


in 


X 


V go 


)d 


s me 


re 


lant 


in 


N 


ew 


Y 












descc 


nt. 


a 




■w York City, December 29th, 1S59. His father 
irk. 'Pile Des Rochers are of French Huguenot 
ul were prominent personages in France, the 
grand-father of this subject having been a General in the 
service of the Emperor Napoleon. On his mother's side he 
is descended from those celebrated English families, the 
Miiwbravs and the Howards, amongst the former being 
"Stout I'3arl Mowbray," of Shakespearian celebrity. John 
M. was educated in New York. His father died when he 
was ten years old, and he went to live with his imcle, Oliver 
Mowbray, a retired merchant. At the age of twenty he 
came to Florida, settling in Jacksonville. He shortly after- 
wards engaged in the saw-mill and lumber Inisiness. In 
1883 the firm of Elliott & Des Rochers was formed to 
conduct the same business. This continued until Mr. Elliott's 
death in t8S<S. Asa lumber and ship broker Mr. Des Rochers 
is now one of the first in the State. The mills of Georgia 
anil Florichi supph' him, and he ships to all domestic ports, 
to the West Indies, and South America. Besides his Jack- 
sonville office, he has branch offices in Fernandina, Florida, 
and Brunswick, Georgia. He is a member of the Jackson- 
ville Board of Trade, a Director of the Florida Fibre Com- 
l)any; of the D. P. I'pson Machinery Company ; oftheSouth- 
VV'estern and the Atlanta Building and Loan Associations; 
a member of the Elks, and on the House Committee in the 
Local Club. He was married in 1882 to Miss Maria E. 



Hewlett, daughter of Ca 
in the Confederate Navy. They have three children ; Grace Mo 
They have a lovely home in Riverside, where they dwell in pe; 
well earned competence. Personally Mr. Des Rochers is gener 
and enterprise, and greatly esteemed in the community. 



itain H. C. Hew' 



•wlc 



It officer 
Edward, 
orts of a 



Iir)X. I). 

Duncan C Fletcher, mayor of Jackson 
1859. He graduated from \'andcrbilt Uni 
coming to Jacksonville in the following year 
has been verv successful. iVt in-cscnt he is 



liCR. 

1 in Pike C< 



Ge 


)rg 


a. 


Januar\ 


6 th, 


the 


el; 


ss 


of 1880 


and 


ce 


.f 1 


l\\ 


, in whii. 


h he 


of 


I'le 


ic 


ler \- W 


urts. 



which stands very high in Florida. As long ago as 1885 he was a meml^er of the Citv Council, and 
has been in the City government almost uninterruptedl}' since then. For two consecutive terms 
he was President of the Council. He is an 
exceptionally good campaign orator, and a fine 
all round speaker, which qualifications make 
him greatly in demand on all public occasions. 
He was elected to the Legislature in 1892, 
and while there rendered most valuable ser- 
\ ices to his City and State. He was chiefly in- 
strumental in having enacted the new City 
charter of 1893, which restored the elective 
franchise to the people, and embraced all the 
best features of the Austi'alian Ballot Law. It 
also authorized the issue of $1,000,000 in City 
bonds for public improvements, which have 
since been going on. He also had enacted 
Chapter 4300, Laws of Florida, which pro- 
vided a more just and equal mode of levying 
taxes. This enabled the City to reach large 
property interests of corporations, which 
hitherto had largely escaped their just taxation. 
These and other valuable >cr\ in.s lia\-c fixed 
his popularity on an enduring basis. Aside 
from his extensive law practice and political in- 
terests, he has given some time to industrial 
enterprises, and is President of the Florida 
Fibre Company, interested in the development 
of the great fibre interests of Florida. As 
Mayor of Jacksonville, to which oflfice he was 
elected in July, 1893, Mr. Fletcher has been all 
that could be wished of a chief executive. Un- 
der his administration the City has prospered 
and grown as never before in its history. He 

is conservative, progressive, and just, deeply solicitous of the City's honor and fair fame, and 
unfaltering in devotion to the duties and dignities of his high office. He was married, in 1883, to 
Mrs. Anna Louise Paine, of Jacksonville, and has two children: Ellen Aeby and Louise Chapin. 




HON. DUNCAN U. FLE' 



CAPTAIN JAMES A. BRYAN. 



James A. Bryan is a North Carolinian. His father, John A. Bryan, was a prominent 
planter and politician of Duplin County. There on his father's farm, James was born, in 1853. 
The family settled in North Carolina about two hundred years ago, and there their descendants 
still reside. The Bryans were prominent figures during the Colonial period, and in the Revolution 
they fought stoutly for American Independence. They were among the framers of the first State 
Constitution, and on through the succeeding generations they have been conspicuous in the affairs 
of the Old North State. A sturdy, conservative race they are, modest and unpretentious, liut 
staunch in principle and unswerving in devotion to duty. 

James was brought up on the farm, where so many of America's greatest men have had their 
early training. The conditions existing,' just after the war, and at the time he was of school 
age, did not permit of his receiving an elaborate education, but such schooling as the country 
wherein he lived aiforded he received, which, together with night study after working 

1S4 



hours, o-ave him a f;i 




however, he left 


the 


anie a salesman 


in a 


he was attraetei 


l.v 


ta-es of Florida, 


and 


.r three years he 


was 



)od edueatinn. When he was twenty-one 
farm for Wilmington, where he 1 
shoe store. After some 3'ears tin 
the fine climate and growing- adv 
in i.SS^ removed to Jacksonville. 

employed with A. Ames Howlett iSc Company, jetty con- 
tractors. He became attached to this business, and in 18S5 
branched out in it for himself, and became a general eon- 
tractor. He afterwards became active in the development 
of the phosphate industry in Florida, and erected one of the 
first plants for mining it in the State, that of the Alafia 
River Pho.sphate Company, which is one of the best known. 
He was for two years the Superintendent for this Company, 
and got the contract for doing a great part of their dredging. 
In (894 he, in company with M. S. Cartter and others, 
organized The Florida Dredging Company, of which he is 
General Manager, with headquarters at Tampa. They take 
contracts for dredging all over the State, and in Georgia, and 
their ecpiijiment for rapid and thorough work is of the best. 
(.SV, I'lu- Florida I^rcdi-ing Company clscn'Iicrc.) He was 
married, in 1880, to Miss Anna B. Dolbey, of Constantia, 
New York. They have four children, two boys and two 
girls. His uncle, the Rev. Doctor R. T. Bryan, is the well 
known missionary to Shanghai, China, and is the youngest 
LL. D. from the University of North Carolina. 




walti^:r 



COxVCHMAN. 



Penins 
almost 



Very few men of Mr. Coachman's youth have held so 
many positions of prominence in a c<immunity as he does in 
Jacksonxille. He is a man of business, with a capacity for 
performing more labor in a greater number of fields than the 
maioritv of men. As local agent for the Florida Central and 
<ailroad, his duties are such as would deter 
ther man from undertaking others, hut in adtli- 
imi)ortant work, he is a member of the City 
ember (jf the I)u\-al County Commissioners, and 
f the iioard i>f Trade. I'ew men, therefore, are 
entitled with So many interests, political, social 
cial, of Jacksonville and Duval County, as he, 
se bodies he is recognized as a leader. When he 
listen, and his opinions al\va\-s carry great 
they are based on common sense and good 
Mr, Coat'hnian is a South Carolinian, and has 
ackson\ille a great many years, but his rise has 
is undertakings successful, and he stands to-day 
ne of the foremost citizens of the comnninily. 
IS.". 



iks 



weigl 



:n rapid. 



LORRETTUS S. METCALF. 



Lorrettiis Suttun ]\Ietcalf was born in ^Mdiimnnth, Kennebec Connt}', Maine, (Jctober 17th, 
1S37. He is descended from the Beare Park and Nappa Hall branch of the English family of 
Metcalf, of Norfolk County. The first representative of the family in this country was Michael 
Metcalf, of Norwich, England, a Puritan, who, being driven from his home by ecclesiastical 
persecution, sailed from Yarmouth with his wife and family on April 15th, 1637, arrived in Boston 
on June lyth, and settled at Dedham, Massachusetts. 

The father of the subject of this sketch, Mason Jerome Metcalf, owned a manufacturing 



business 
property 



Boston, and mill 
Maine, and the son 
passed his boyhood between city 
and country. He was fitted for 
college in the schools of Boston 
and Monmouth, but instead of 
entering on a collegiate course, 
continued with private tutors the 
.study of branches in the line of his 
taste. He subsequently received 
the degree of M. A. from Bates' 
College, Lewiston, Maine, and of 
LL. D. from Iowa College. Mr. 
Metcalf has always been a dili- 
gent reader, and early showed a 
taste for literary pursuits. When 
a young man he contributed cjuite 
largely, on a variety of subjects, 
to a considerable number of 
newspapers, including the Com- 
monwealth, the Boston Journal, 
the Congregationalist, the Boston 
Traveler, and Zion's Herald. vSub- 
sequently he edited a local weekly 
paper, published in the vicinity „k. asu .mrs. l. s. metcalf in their yacht "amie." 

of Boston, and then he became 

the proprietor and editor of five .such papers. When the North American Review was purchased b)^ 
A. T. Rice, and removed to New York, Mr. Metcalf became its Business Manager. He continued 
in that position for nine )'ears, and during the last five he also performed the editorial duties 
of the publication. 

In March, 1886, he issued the first number of the Fonmi, and for two years thereafter he again 
did double duty, acting both as Editor and Business Manager. Then he confined his attention to 
the editorial work exclusively for three years, retiring in 1891. 

Mr. Metcalf is an untiring worker, and attributes to this quality such measure of success as 
has followed his efforts. While engaged on his newspapers in Massachusetts he was accustomed 
ordinarily to give as much as sixteen hours a day to labor, and during his connection with the North 
American Review the usual length of his working day was fourteen or fifteen hours. He is very 
methodical in his habits, and of iinerring memory in regard to business engagements. The routine 
editorial work of the North American Review and the Forum was conducted by him with such 
system that it moved with the precision of clock-work. Though religious in his tendencies of mind, 
he has a strong dislike to dogma; and in social matters he is very democratic, having little respect for 
the claims of wealth and position, and conceiving that character and mental ability are the only 
things of real value. 




Mr. Metcalf is naturally a lover of adventure, and in his earlier days devoted all of his spare 
hours to wild sports, such as hunting, yachting, and mountain climbing. He has been thoroughly 
over the United States and Canada, has made several trips to Europe, and has met most of the men 
that have been prominent in public affairs dairing the past twenty-five years, lie is a member of 
the Century Club and of the Author's Club, of New York, and of several scientific and 
philosophical societies. 

The chief work of :\Ir. Mctcalfs life, and that by which he will 1)c remembered, has been the 
establishment of The Forum. The publication was founded for the purp.isc of -ivin;..;- an absolutely 




imprejudiced discussiim of important sui.ijccts. The fii'st annoimcement of the new re\'iew set forth 
its aims in the following words: 

"This publication addresses itself to the mass of intelligent jjcople. 

" It discusses subjects that concern all classes alike — in morals, in education, in government, 
in religion. 

•' It is genuinely independent, both of partisan bias and counting-room intluence. 

"It is constructive in its aims, presenting opposing views, not for the purpose of exciting 
strife, but in order to assist the reader to form wise conclusions. 

"It employs the best known essayists; and it also invites to its pages men and women connected 
with im])ortant business and social interests who have special opportunities for information." 

To this statement of its purpose The Forum lias stea<lily adhered. It avoids all sensationalism, 
and, as stated above, is distinctU- constructive. Thus, in religious matters, a fair hearing is given 



alike to Protestants and Roman Catholics, to Jews and Christians, to Calvinists and Unitarians; but 
the enemies of all religion are not given a place. In politics, representatives of the various political 
parties are treated with equal consideration; but no encouragement is given to those who would 
destroy all government. In morals, all arguments as to the best method of accomplishing results 
are admitted; but nothing is countenanced that tends to weaken the sense of moral duty. 

At the end of Mr. Metcalf's fourteen years' connection with the North American Review and 
the Forum, his eyes were in .such a condition that he was compelled to take a long rest, and 
to abandon the hope of doing any more review work. 

In December, 1893, he came to Jacksonville, Florida, and established the Florida Citizen, and 
at the present time is in charge of that publication. The Citizen is a daily and weekly paper, that 
gives the news of the world very fully. It has special correspondents in the principal cities of the 
country, and controls a telegraph wire to Washington and New York. It is an organ of the 
Democracy of Florida, and devotes much space to the moral, intellectual, and material development 
of the .State. 



JOHN E. STILLAIAN. 



John Edgar Stillman was born at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, February 27th, 1866. His father, of 
the same name, removed to Florida in 1873, for the benefit of his health. In conjunction with other 
emigrants from the same place, he founded Orange City, which is now a prosperous village in 
Volusia County. He died there in 1883, The subject of 
this sketch attended the public schools in Orange City, and 
in 1882 entered the High School at Washington, D. C. He 
afterwards attended the East Florida Seminary at Gaines- 
ville, where he graduated in 1885. For a year he was a 
contractor at Orange City. In 1887 he went West and 
spent a year in travel. Returning home he was, in 1888, 
elected Tax Collector of Volusia County. He was then only 
twenty-two years of age. In 1889 he was elected Mayor of 
Orange City, and in the same year was appointed United 
States Sugar Inspector for the State. 

In 1890 he and his brother purchased the Orange City 
Bank, and they conducted a flourishing business. (Jn liis 
appointment as Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for 
the State, in 1892, he sold out his interest in the bank to liis 
brother. In 1892 he received the nomination for Clerk of 
the Court in Volusia Count}-, Init declined to make the race. 
In the meantime he had become associated with the Little 
Brothers Fertilizer and Phosphate Company, of Jacksonville, 
and in April, of 1894, he removed to this place, and was 
elected Secretary and Treasurer of the Company. In 1895 
he was appointed b> Governor Mitchell a member of the 
Board of Education of the East Florida vSeminary, an honor 
both to himself and his Alma Mater. In 1887 Mr. Stillman m^. john k. stii.i.m.^n. 

was marled to Miss Martha C. Deyarman, of Orange Citv. 

They have three children. For one so young, Mr. Stillman has held manv positions of trust, 
in all of which he has acquitted himself with honor. For one who has started out so well it 
is easy to predict a brilliant future. 




Greeley, Rollins & Morgan, 

REAL ESTATE AND LOANS, 

OFFER FOR SALE 

LOTS IN RIVERSIDE 



AM) ALL OTHF.R l>ORTI()NS OF 



lACKSONVlLLE AND SURROUNDINGS, 

INCLUOINC ALSd 

'aiiiisjIraiigeGrovesJ^lantationsJiiiiber/Hi!^^ 



IN AI^L PARTS OF THH STATE. 



ALSO LOTS IN 



GdMEZCIIiRTaiiiloiiJIIPITEIIISUl, 



ON INDIAN RIVER. 



RF.I'RHSLNTINC, THE 



Land Mortgage Bank of Florida, Limiieci,of England. 

We arc always nivpaivd to make Loans cm yood Heal Hstate Sccuiitv. 



CORRFSPONDF.NCH S( )I.ICITED. 



Greeley, Rollins & Morgan, no. 38 Laura St., Jacksonville, Fla. 



NEW YORK & TEXAS STEAMSHIP CO. 

♦ (MALLORY LINES)— 

. . . TO - - - 

Texas, Florida f Georgia. 



, S. CONCHO (New") 3,724 Tons 

" LEONA 3,329 " 

" NEUCES 3,367 " 

" COMAL 2,950 " 



RLE EX — 

S. S. LAMPASAS 2,942 Tons 

•' ALAMO 2.942 " 

'• SAN MARCOS 2,840 " 



5. COLORADO 2,764 Tons 

RIO GRANDE 2,566 " 

STATE OF TEXAS 1,696 " 

CITY OF SAN ANTONIO 1.652 ■ 



SCHEDULE OF DEPARTURES 



LEAVE NEW YORK 



Por GALVESTON, TEXAS, 

HvL-iy Wi^l. and Sat., -, r. m 



For FERNANDINA, FLA. 

Kverv Friday. ' rv m. 



For KEY WEST, FLA., 

Every Saturday. -, r. m. 



For BRUNSWICK, QA., 

Every Friday, -, v. m. 




FOR NEW YORK 

From GALVESTON, TEXAS, 

Every Wednesday and Saturday. 

From FERNANDINA, FLA., 

Every Tliursday. 

From KEY WEST, FLA., 

Eveiy Saturday. 

From BRUNSWICK, QA., 



tiuetinn ot these vessels, and then fine model, full power and EXCELLENT 
the enviable leputatioii they possess Passenger aLCommodations, both cabin 



iiy and thoroughly ventilated 



Nothing has been overlooked in th 
SEA-GOING QUALITIES have won loi 

and steerage, arc unsurpassed. State looiiis being above the mrin deek aie light 
assuring to the traveler the greatest de^iee ot coniloit attauiable 

Connections are made at all the ports at which these steamers touch with all railroads and steamboats. 

Through Coupon Tickets are on sale, and Through Rates of Passage and Freight are named to interior towns and cities, 
including those of California, Mexico, New Mexico and Arizona. No other passenger steamers run between New York and 
the ports named above. This is the Favorite Route to Florida. 



f^rvvi 



Sixtj-page Descriptive F>amph 



For rates of tVeight, 



C. H. HALLORY & CO., General Agents, 

Pier 2o, East River, and 362 Broadway, NEW YORK. 



ARTHUR SINCLAIR, Jr., New EnRland Agent, 

306 Washington St., Boston, Mass. 
H. ricnURTRIE, Agent, Cor. Third and Chestnut Sts.. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
C. a. OSBURN, Agent, 203 East German St., Baltimore, Hd. 

J. N. SAWYER & CO., Agents Galveston, lex. 

nOSE RAPHAEL, Agent Houston, Tex. 



C. M. HICKLIN, Gen. Western Agent Denver, Col. 

W. J. YOUNG, Gen. Southern Pas'ger Agent, San Antonio, Tex. 

R. W. SOUTHWICK, Agent Key West, Fla. 

CHAS. DAVIES, Agent Jacksonville, Fla. 

H. H. RAYMOND, Agent Fernandina, Fla. 

H. H. RAYHOND, Gen. Southern Agent Brunswick, Ga. 



John L. Marvin, H. T. Bava, Thos. W. Conrau, 

President. Cashier. Asst. Cashier. 

THE 

Merchants' National Bank 

ASTOR BLOCK. |ACKS(3NV1LLE. FLORIDA. 



CAPITAL $100,000.00. 



THE OLDEST EST.iliLISIIEll Ml IN EAST FLORIDA. 



NaTIONALI/EO llNE. I8C)0. 



Ti;m.s;iLts ;i GeiuMMl B.inkinii Business. Deposits Received. Discounts 
Mjde and H.\ch:intie Bought and Sold on Most Favorable i'enns. Collec- 
tions Made and Proceeds Proniptlv Remitted. 

Correspondents: Importers' and Traders' National Bank. New York. 
National i\irk Bank. United States National B.ink, New York. 

Resident Correspondents ot Brown Bros. & Co.. Dre.xel. Morgan & 
Co.. James G. Kings Sons. Kounls Bros . New York, and other prominent 
bankers issuintj; letters ol' credit. 



THE CLYDE STEAMSHIP CO. 




New York, Charleston and Florida Lines.'" 



NORTHBOUND. 



SOUTHBOUND. 



From JACKSONVILLE, Fla.. Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. 
From CHARLESTON, S. C. Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays. 



For JACKSONVILLE. Fla. 
For CHARLESTON. S. C. 



Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays. 
Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays. 



"ALGONQUIN." Capt. S. C. Piatt. "SEMINOLE." Capt. I. K. Chichester. 

"IROQUOIS," Capt. L. W. Pennington. "CHEROKEE," Capt. H. A. Bearse. 

"YEMASSEE," Capt. Joseph McKee. 



CLYDE'S ST. JOHN'S RIVER LINE, 



Jacksonville, Palatka, Sanford and Enterprise, Fla. 

AND INTERMEDIATE LANDINGS ON THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 

cksoiiville daily, except Saturday, at 3:30 p. m., and from Sanford daily, except Sunday, at 9 * >•' 
connection with all railroads at Jacksonville, Palatka, Astor and 3anford. 

Throuirh Tickets and Hills of Lading at Lowest Ra 



" CITY OF JACKSONVILLE," Capt. W. A. Shaw. 
Steamer "F. DE BARY." Capt, T, W, Lund, Jr, 

For further information apply to 



all interior points in Florida, 

" WELAKA." Capt, 

"EVERG-LADE," Capt. Creaser. 



J. A. LESLIE. Supt., 

Foot Hogan St., JacksonviUe, Fla. 



MARSHALL H. CLYDE, A, T, M, 



A. J. COLE, Genl Pass. Agei: 



THEO. G. EGER, T. M. 



WM. P. CLYDE & CO., General Agents, 



5 BOWLING GREEN, New York. 



12 SOUTH DEL. AVE., Philadelphia, Pa. 



McMiirray 's Transfer 



LVD 



JachsonoiIIe 

Lioery and Sale Stables, 



I j-2r Xcmnan Sfrccf 

Opposite Trcmont Hotel. 



Jachsoimillc i: lub ^hihlcs, 

ccfcsf Bail, Corner Ccc/iir ■Street. 



Horses, Biujcjies, 'Phaetons and other t^ehicles 

Consfiintly for Hire. 



Horses and Mules for Sate. 

'l^odrdiiifi Horses <i Speeialhj. 



■TIIOM IS McM/'X'K^lY. I Proprietor 



EAGLE PRINTING HOUSE 
DUTCHESS COUNTY BOOKBINDERY 



A.V. HAIGHT 

12 Liberty Street, Poughkeepsie, N.Y 



GOOD FACILITIES 
FOR TURNING OUT FINE EDITIONS OF ILLUSTRATED BOOKS, 

CATALOGUES, 

AND ALL CLASSES OF WORK IN THIS LINE RECXUIRING SPECIAL ATTENTION 

AND FINE WORKMANSHIP 



THIS BOOK IS A SPECIMEN OF OUR PRINTING AND BINDING 

H 137 89 , 



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